Tolcapone

Tolcapone Market Outlook

The global Tolcapone market is projected to reach approximately USD 1.5 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6.3% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth in the market can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders, coupled with the rising geriatric population which is more susceptible to these conditions. Additionally, advancements in drug formulations and delivery mechanisms, along with a growing awareness and diagnosis of neurological disorders, are significantly driving the demand for Tolcapone. The ongoing research efforts aimed at enhancing the efficacy and safety profiles of Tolcapone-based therapies are also expected to contribute to market growth. Moreover, the expansion of healthcare facilities and improved access to healthcare services in developing regions can further boost the market potential.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the primary growth factors for the Tolcapone market is the rising incidence of Parkinson's disease worldwide. According to recent health statistics, the number of people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease is increasing due to the aging population, as the risk of developing such neurological disorders rises with age. Additionally, Tolcapone has shown significant efficacy in treating motor fluctuations associated with Parkinson's disease, leading to increased prescriptions by healthcare professionals. Another factor influencing market growth is the continuous innovation in drug formulations that enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of Tolcapone. Furthermore, the improvement of distribution channels, particularly the rise of online pharmacies, has made it easier for patients to access Tolcapone, thereby driving its market demand. The awareness about the benefits of early treatment and intervention in neurological diseases has encouraged more patients to seek medical assistance, further contributing to the growth of the market.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global Tolcapone market is expected to reach USD 1.5 billion by 2035.
• North America holds a significant share in the Tolcapone market due to advanced healthcare infrastructure.
• The rise in geriatric population is a key driving factor for the market growth.
• Innovations in drug formulations are enhancing the efficacy of Tolcapone.
• Online pharmacies are increasingly becoming popular distribution channels, facilitating better access to Tolcapone.

By Product Type

Tablets:

Tablets are among the most commonly used forms of Tolcapone due to their convenience and ease of administration. They typically come in various strengths, allowing for flexibility in dosing, which is critical for managing symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The tablet formulation is preferred because it provides a stable and controlled release of the active ingredient, ensuring that patients receive the intended therapeutic effects over an extended period. Furthermore, the familiarity of patients and healthcare providers with tablets facilitates adherence to treatment protocols, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Manufacturers are also focusing on developing coated tablets that can minimize gastrointestinal discomfort, thereby enhancing patient compliance with the treatment regimen. This segment continues to hold a substantial share in the overall Tolcapone market.

Capsules:

Capsules represent another significant product type in the Tolcapone market, valued for their ability to mask the taste of medications and provide a more palatable option for patients. They often contain the active ingredient in powder form, which may enhance absorption and bioavailability compared to tablets. Additionally, capsules are available in both hard and soft shell formats, catering to different patient preferences and needs. The design of capsules allows for easier swallowing, particularly beneficial for older patients or those experiencing dysphagia, a common issue in Parkinson’s disease. As drug manufacturers continue to innovate in capsule technology, including the development of extended-release formulations, this segment is poised for growth as it offers a viable alternative to traditional tablet forms.

Oral Solution:

The oral solution formulation of Tolcapone is particularly advantageous for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills or require precise dosing adjustments. This liquid form allows for titration of doses based on individual patient needs, offering flexibility that is often required in managing Parkinson's symptoms effectively. Furthermore, the oral solution can provide rapid onset of action, which is crucial for patients experiencing sudden motor fluctuations. The ease of administration, especially for elderly patients or those with advanced disease, positions oral solutions as a critical segment within the Tolcapone market. Ongoing research aimed at improving the palatability of these solutions is expected to enhance their acceptance and usage.

Injections:

Injections of Tolcapone are primarily used in clinical settings where immediate therapeutic effects are necessary or for patients who cannot take medications orally. This method of administration is particularly beneficial for acute cases where rapid control of symptoms is required. Although less common than oral forms, the injection segment is gaining attention as research explores novel delivery methods that may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Tolcapone. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on patient-centered care and personalized treatment plans may lead to increased use of injection formulations, particularly in specialized healthcare settings. The convenience of injections in certain patient populations may drive further innovation and development within this product type.

Transdermal Patches:

Transdermal patches represent a novel approach to delivering Tolcapone, allowing for a steady release of medication through the skin over an extended period. This method can improve patient compliance by eliminating the need for multiple doses throughout the day, a common challenge for those managing chronic conditions like Parkinson's disease. Transdermal patches also mitigate gastrointestinal side effects often associated with oral medications, providing a more comfortable alternative for patients. As technology advances, the formulation of transdermal systems is expected to improve, enhancing the absorption of Tolcapone and making this delivery method a promising segment. Ongoing research into innovative patch designs and formulations will likely expand the potential for transdermal delivery within the market.

By Application

Parkinson's Disease Treatment:

The primary application of Tolcapone lies in its use for treating Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia. Tolcapone is often prescribed as an adjunct therapy alongside other medications to enhance their efficacy, particularly in managing motor fluctuations that are not adequately controlled by conventional treatments. Its ability to inhibit the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) helps increase the bioavailability of levodopa, a fundamental medication in Parkinson’s disease management. With the increasing prevalence of this condition, driven by an aging population, the demand for effective therapies like Tolcapone continues to rise. Continuous advancements in clinical guidelines and treatment protocols further solidify Tolcapone's position in the therapeutic landscape for Parkinson's disease.

Other Neurological Disorders:

Aside from its primary application in Parkinson's disease, Tolcapone is also being explored for its potential benefits in treating other neurological disorders. Research indicates that its mechanism of action may have implications in conditions such as Huntington's disease and certain forms of dystonia, where dopaminergic pathways are disrupted. The versatility of Tolcapone in addressing various neurological conditions is an area of active investigation, with clinical trials aimed at evaluating its efficacy and safety in broader applications. As the understanding of neurological disorders expands, there may be an increase in off-label prescriptions, further driving the market for Tolcapone beyond Parkinson's disease treatment. The potential for Tolcapone to address unmet medical needs in these areas represents an exciting opportunity for growth.

By Distribution Channel

Hospitals:

Hospitals serve as a vital distribution channel for Tolcapone, as they provide comprehensive medical care and are often the first point of contact for patients with neurological disorders. In-hospital pharmacies typically stock Tolcapone for immediate use in inpatient settings, especially for patients undergoing acute treatment for Parkinson's disease. The presence of healthcare professionals who can provide tailored dosing and monitoring enhances the efficacy of treatments administered in hospitals. Furthermore, collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and healthcare institutions to facilitate the training of medical staff on the appropriate use of Tolcapone can bolster this distribution channel. As hospitals continue to play a crucial role in patient management and treatment, the demand for Tolcapone through this channel will likely remain significant.

Retail Pharmacies:

Retail pharmacies constitute a major distribution channel for Tolcapone, providing patients with convenient access to their prescribed medications. The rise of community pharmacies, which often offer personalized services and consultations, has further enhanced the availability of Tolcapone for patients managing chronic conditions like Parkinson's disease. Additionally, retail pharmacies typically maintain a robust inventory of various formulations of Tolcapone, catering to the diverse needs of patients. The collaboration between pharmacy chains and pharmaceutical companies to raise awareness about neurological disorders and the importance of medication adherence could stimulate demand within this channel. As patients increasingly rely on retail pharmacies for their healthcare needs, this segment will play a significant role in the overall growth of the Tolcapone market.

Online Pharmacies:

Online pharmacies have emerged as a crucial distribution channel for Tolcapone, providing a convenient and accessible option for patients. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of online pharmacy services, as patients sought to avoid in-person visits to healthcare facilities. Online platforms offer the advantage of home delivery, making it easier for patients, particularly those with mobility challenges, to obtain their medications. Additionally, the competitive pricing and potential discounts available through online pharmacies can attract price-sensitive consumers. However, it is essential for patients to ensure that they are purchasing from reputable online sources to avoid counterfeit medications. As the acceptance and trust in online pharmacies grow, this channel is expected to capture an increasing share of the Tolcapone market, providing patients with greater convenience and access.

By Ingredient Type

Tolcapone 100mg:

Tolcapone 100mg is one of the most commonly prescribed dosages for managing Parkinson’s disease. This dosage allows for effective titration, enabling healthcare providers to adjust the treatment based on individual patient needs and responses. It is often recommended for patients who are newly diagnosed or those who require a lower dose for optimal management of their symptoms. The availability of this formulation supports the clinical practice of personalized medicine, where the treatment plan is tailored to the specific requirements of each patient. Additionally, this strength is widely stocked in pharmacies, ensuring that patients have access to the necessary medication for their treatment regimens.

Tolcapone 200mg:

Tolcapone 200mg serves as an intermediary dosage that is often utilized for patients transitioning from lower doses or those requiring a more robust treatment response. This formulation plays a critical role in effectively managing motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, particularly in patients who experience fluctuations in response to conventional therapies. The 200mg dosage provides healthcare professionals with the flexibility to fine-tune treatment plans, helping to maximize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing potential side effects. As clinical evidence continues to support the efficacy of this strength, it is likely to remain a popular choice among prescribers.

Tolcapone 300mg:

Tolcapone 300mg is generally prescribed for patients who have been stabilized on lower doses of Tolcapone and require additional support to manage their symptoms effectively. This higher dosage is particularly beneficial for individuals experiencing significant motor fluctuations or those with advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. The ability to escalate the dosage ensures that healthcare providers can adapt treatment plans according to the progression of the disease. Patient monitoring and proper assessment are crucial when administering this dosage to balance the therapeutic effects with the potential for adverse reactions. The 300mg formulation underscores the importance of ongoing adjustments in Parkinson's disease management.

Tolcapone 400mg:

Tolcapone 400mg is often utilized in cases where patients do not achieve adequate symptom control with lower strengths. This formulation allows for a more aggressive approach in managing Parkinson's disease and can be particularly beneficial for patients who have developed tolerance to lower doses. Healthcare providers must carefully monitor patients receiving this dosage to ensure that they are achieving the desired therapeutic outcomes without experiencing adverse effects. The 400mg strength exemplifies the need for flexibility in treatment regimens, as each patient's response to Tolcapone can differ significantly based on their unique clinical profile.

Tolcapone 500mg:

Tolcapone 500mg represents the upper limit of dosing for this medication, typically reserved for patients who have a significant need for enhanced management of their Parkinson's disease symptoms. This formulation is used in specialized cases where lower doses have proven inadequate, and a more potent intervention is warranted. The careful administration of this dosage requires a comprehensive understanding of the patient's overall health and the potential for side effects. The 500mg strength emphasizes the need for personalized treatment approaches in chronic neurological conditions, ensuring that patients receive the most effective care tailored to their specific needs.

By Region

North America currently dominates the Tolcapone market, accounting for over 40% of the global share. The region's leadership can be attributed to advanced healthcare infrastructure, high expenditure on healthcare, and a strong emphasis on research and development in pharmaceuticals. The increasing prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the aging population, coupled with better diagnostic practices, has led to a rise in demand for effective therapies like Tolcapone. Furthermore, the presence of prominent pharmaceutical companies and a robust regulatory framework support the growth of the Tolcapone market in North America. The region is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period, with a CAGR of approximately 5.5% as new treatment options and formulations are introduced.

Europe is another significant region in the Tolcapone market, contributing nearly 30% to the overall market share. The European market benefits from an established healthcare system and increasing awareness regarding neurological disorders. Countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are at the forefront of market growth due to their well-developed healthcare infrastructure and supportive government initiatives aimed at improving patient care. The increasing geriatric population in Europe is also a contributing factor, as older individuals are more susceptible to Parkinson's disease and require effective treatment options. The European Tolcapone market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of around 6% during the forecast period, driven by the increasing focus on innovative therapies and improved access to healthcare services.

Opportunities

The Tolcapone market presents numerous opportunities for growth, primarily driven by advancements in research and development. Emerging studies are focusing on expanding the therapeutic applications of Tolcapone beyond Parkinson's disease, exploring its potential benefits in other neurological disorders. This expansion could open new markets and create a broader patient base for Tolcapone, leading to increased demand and sales. Additionally, collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and research institutions for clinical trials can provide valuable insights and foster innovation, further enhancing the market landscape. Furthermore, the development of new formulations with improved pharmacokinetics and patient compliance features can create additional avenues for market growth, catering to the needs of diverse patient populations.

Another significant opportunity lies in the growing acceptance of telemedicine and digital health solutions, which can facilitate remote monitoring and management of patients on Tolcapone therapy. The integration of telehealth platforms can improve patient engagement, enhance adherence to treatment protocols, and enable timely interventions in case of adverse effects. Pharmaceutical companies can leverage these advancements by providing educational resources and support to healthcare providers and patients via digital channels. Furthermore, as regulatory bodies increasingly recognize the importance of patient-centered care, there is potential for streamlined approval processes for innovative Tolcapone formulations, allowing for faster market entry and enhanced competitiveness.

Threats

Despite the promising outlook for the Tolcapone market, several threats could pose challenges to its growth. One of the primary threats is the increasing competition from alternative therapies and treatment options for Parkinson's disease. As research continues to evolve, new drugs with novel mechanisms of action may emerge, potentially diminishing the market share of Tolcapone. Furthermore, generic versions of Tolcapone are likely to enter the market, driving down prices and impacting revenue for brand manufacturers. The introduction of biosimilars and competitor products could intensify price wars, making it essential for existing players to innovate and differentiate their offerings continuously.

Additionally, regulatory challenges can pose significant threats to the Tolcapone market. Stricter regulations surrounding drug approval and safety monitoring may hinder the speed at which new formulations and combinations are brought to market. Moreover, the ongoing scrutiny regarding the side effects and long-term safety of Tolcapone could lead to increased vigilance from regulatory bodies, potentially resulting in tighter restrictions on its usage. Such challenges could slow down growth prospects and require manufacturers to allocate additional resources toward compliance and safety studies, ultimately affecting profitability.

Competitor Outlook

• AbbVie Inc.
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Novartis AG
• Roche Holding AG
• Helsinn Healthcare SA
• Lundbeck A/S
• Pfizer Inc.
• Eisai Co., Ltd.
• UCB S.A.
• Acorda Therapeutics, Inc.
• Hua Medicine
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
• Amgen Inc.
• Horizon Therapeutics PLC

The competitive landscape of the Tolcapone market is characterized by a mix of established pharmaceutical giants and emerging companies. Major players, such as AbbVie Inc. and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., dominate market share due to their extensive portfolios and strong distribution channels. These companies invest heavily in research and development to innovate and enhance their product offerings, ensuring they remain competitive in a rapidly evolving marketplace. Strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and collaborations with healthcare organizations are common practices among these players, allowing them to expand their reach and accelerate the development of new formulations and therapies. Moreover, the competitive environment is fueled by the growing focus on personalized medicine, with many players seeking to tailor their offerings based on specific patient needs.

AbbVie Inc., a leader in the pharmaceutical industry, has a substantial presence in the Tolcapone market with its commitment to developing therapies for neurological disorders. The company's extensive research pipeline includes investigations into combination therapies and novel formulations that aim to enhance the efficacy and safety profiles of existing treatments. Their strong market position is supported by a global network of healthcare partnerships, which facilitates the distribution and accessibility of Tolcapone in various regions. Additionally, AbbVie's focus on patient-centric care initiatives enhances its relationship with healthcare providers and patients, further solidifying its competitive advantage.

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. also plays a significant role in the Tolcapone market, known for its generic offerings that increase accessibility for patients. The company's strategy involves leveraging its global manufacturing capabilities and strong distribution network to provide affordable medication options, thereby catering to a broader patient population. Furthermore, Teva's emphasis on sustainability and ethical practices resonates with patients and healthcare providers alike, positioning the company favorably in an increasingly socially-conscious marketplace. As competition intensifies, Teva's commitment to innovation and patient engagement will be critical in maintaining its market position and driving future growth.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 UCB S.A.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Amgen Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 AbbVie Inc.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Novartis AG
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Pfizer Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Hua Medicine
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Lundbeck A/S
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Eisai Co., Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Roche Holding AG
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Helsinn Healthcare SA
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Horizon Therapeutics PLC
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Acorda Therapeutics, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Tolcapone Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Parkinson's Disease Treatment
    • 6.1.2 Other Neurological Disorders
  • 6.2 Tolcapone Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Tablets
    • 6.2.2 Capsules
    • 6.2.3 Oral Solution
    • 6.2.4 Injections
    • 6.2.5 Transdermal Patches
  • 6.3 Tolcapone Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Tolcapone 100mg
    • 6.3.2 Tolcapone 200mg
    • 6.3.3 Tolcapone 300mg
    • 6.3.4 Tolcapone 400mg
    • 6.3.5 Tolcapone 500mg
  • 6.4 Tolcapone Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Hospitals
    • 6.4.2 Retail Pharmacies
    • 6.4.3 Online Pharmacies

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Tolcapone Market by Region
  • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 India
      • 10.3.1.2 China
      • 10.3.1.3 Japan
      • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Tolcapone market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Oral Solution
• Injections
• Transdermal Patches

By Application

• Parkinson's Disease Treatment
• Other Neurological Disorders

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

By Ingredient Type

• Tolcapone 100mg
• Tolcapone 200mg
• Tolcapone 300mg
• Tolcapone 400mg
• Tolcapone 500mg

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• AbbVie Inc.
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Novartis AG
• Roche Holding AG
• Helsinn Healthcare SA
• Lundbeck A/S
• Pfizer Inc.
• Eisai Co., Ltd.
• UCB S.A.
• Acorda Therapeutics, Inc.
• Hua Medicine
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
• Amgen Inc.
• Horizon Therapeutics PLC