Tomato Processing

Tomato Processing Market Outlook

The global tomato processing market was valued at approximately USD 231 billion in 2023 and is projected to witness a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for processed tomato products across various sectors, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and culinary applications. Furthermore, the trend towards healthy eating and the rising popularity of convenience foods have significantly impacted consumer behavior, leading to a surge in demand for processed tomatoes such as sauces, pastes, and purees. Additionally, the expansion of the food processing industry and the growing popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets are driving the growth of tomato processing. With advancements in processing technologies and an increase in the export of processed tomato products, the market is set for robust growth in the coming years.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several key factors are contributing to the growth of the tomato processing market. First and foremost, the increasing consumer preference for ready-to-eat meals and convenience foods is driving demand for processed tomato products. Secondly, the growing health consciousness among consumers has led to the rising popularity of organic and natural food products, including organic tomato-based sauces and purees. Additionally, the surge in population and urbanization has intensified the need for efficient food processing methods, thereby boosting the market for tomato processing. Furthermore, advancements in agricultural practices and technologies have enhanced the yield and quality of tomatoes, which play a crucial role in the processing industry. Lastly, the escalating export opportunities for processed tomatoes in international markets are providing significant growth prospects for manufacturers and processors in this sector.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Projected growth of the tomato processing market at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Increased consumer preference for convenience foods driving demand for processed tomatoes.
• Rising trend towards organic and natural food products enhancing market opportunities.
• Technological advancements in agriculture improving tomato yield and quality.
• Growing export opportunities for processed tomatoes in emerging international markets.

By Product Type

Fresh Tomatoes:

Fresh tomatoes represent a fundamental segment of the tomato processing market. These tomatoes are harvested at peak ripeness and are essential for various culinary applications. Fresh tomatoes are not only consumed raw in salads and salsas but also serve as a primary ingredient for sauces, pastes, and canned products. The demand for fresh tomatoes remains strong due to the increasing consumer awareness of the nutritional benefits associated with fresh produce. Additionally, the farm-to-table movement has fueled interest in sourcing fresh tomatoes locally, further enhancing their market presence. The rise in home cooking and the popularity of fresh ingredients in meal preparation continue to solidify the role of fresh tomatoes in the market, establishing a robust foundation for processed tomato products.

Tomato Paste:

Tomato paste is a concentrated tomato product, made by cooking tomatoes and removing the skins and seeds. This product is integral to various cuisines worldwide, particularly in Mediterranean and Latin American dishes. The tomato paste segment is experiencing growth driven by the increasing demand for high-quality sauces and condiments. It serves as a base for numerous recipes and is favored for its rich flavor and convenience in meal preparation. Additionally, the expansion of the foodservice industry, including restaurants and catering services, has propelled the consumption of tomato paste as chefs and culinary professionals seek to enhance flavors in their dishes. With the rising trend of homemade sauces, the significance of tomato paste in meal kits and packaged foods has further solidified its role in the marketplace.

Diced Tomatoes:

Diced tomatoes are another popular form of processed tomatoes, often used in various recipes, including stews, soups, and pasta dishes. The convenience of pre-diced tomatoes appeals to busy consumers, making this segment increasingly popular among home cooks and professional chefs alike. Diced tomatoes maintain their texture and flavor, offering a convenient solution for quick meal preparations without compromising on quality. The rise in demand for quick-cooking meals and the expanding ready-to-eat meal segment are significant factors propelling the growth of diced tomatoes. Furthermore, the availability of canned diced tomatoes allows for extended shelf life, contributing to their popularity and market expansion.

Tomato Sauce:

Tomato sauce is one of the most widely consumed tomato products globally, primarily used as a base for pasta dishes, pizzas, and various culinary applications. The versatility and flavor profile of tomato sauce make it a staple in kitchens worldwide. The increasing trend of home cooking has led to a surge in demand for different varieties of tomato sauces, including traditional, spicy, and gourmet options. Additionally, the growing popularity of international cuisines has fueled the development of specialty tomato sauces that cater to diverse consumer preferences. Manufacturers are also focusing on creating healthier sauce alternatives with low-sodium and organic options, further enhancing their market appeal. This segment's growth is propelled by both retail sales and the food service sector, where tomato sauce is a key ingredient in many menu items.

Tomato Puree:

Tomato puree is a thicker consistency product made from cooked tomatoes, offering a rich flavor profile that complements various culinary creations. This product serves as an essential ingredient in sauces, soups, and gravies, making it a crucial item in the tomato processing market. The demand for tomato puree is rising due to the increasing number of food processing companies that utilize it as a base for various products. Additionally, the convenience factor associated with ready-to-use puree encourages busy consumers to incorporate it into their cooking. With the expansion of the packaged food industry and the growth of convenience-driven consumer behavior, tomato puree is expected to maintain its significance in the market. Manufacturers are also focusing on innovative packaging solutions to enhance the product's shelf life and consumer appeal.

By Application

Food Industry:

The food industry represents the largest application segment in the tomato processing market. Processed tomato products like sauces, pastes, and purees are essential components in various food preparations, including pizzas, pasta dishes, soups, and numerous packaged foods. The growing demand for convenience foods, driven by busy lifestyles, continues to boost the consumption of processed tomatoes. Additionally, the rise in culinary exploration and experimentation among consumers has led to increased usage of diverse tomato-based products in home cooking. Furthermore, the food service sector, including restaurants and catering companies, significantly contributes to the demand for processed tomatoes, as these products serve as fundamental ingredients in many popular dishes. The overall growth of the food industry, coupled with the trend towards healthy eating, is expected to create ample opportunities for the processed tomato market.

Beverage Industry:

The beverage industry is an emerging application segment for processed tomatoes, particularly in the form of tomato juices and cocktails. The increasing popularity of health-centric beverages has contributed to the growth of tomato-based drinks, which are rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Tomato juice, known for its refreshing taste and health benefits, is increasingly being consumed as a standalone drink or as an ingredient in various cocktails, including the famous Bloody Mary. Furthermore, manufacturers are innovating by introducing ready-to-drink tomato beverages that cater to health-conscious consumers. The rising awareness of the nutritional advantages of tomatoes, coupled with growing consumer interest in natural and functional beverages, is expected to drive the demand for processed tomatoes in this sector.

Pharmaceutical Industry:

The pharmaceutical industry represents a niche but significant application for processed tomatoes, driven by the increasing recognition of the health benefits associated with tomatoes. The potential therapeutic properties of tomatoes, particularly due to their high levels of lycopene, have garnered attention in the health and wellness sector. Tomato extracts are utilized in dietary supplements and functional foods aimed at promoting overall health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. As research continues to unveil the health benefits of lycopene and other tomato-derived compounds, the demand for processed tomatoes in pharmaceuticals is expected to rise. Furthermore, the growing trend towards natural and plant-based ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry presents lucrative opportunities for processed tomato products.

Others:

The 'Others' category encompasses a variety of applications that leverage processed tomatoes in unique ways. This includes the use of tomato products in snacks, ready-to-cook meals, and even in the beauty industry where tomato-based formulations are used for skincare. The versatility of tomato products allows for innovative applications beyond traditional food and beverage uses. As consumers seek diverse and unique products, manufacturers are exploring innovative ways to incorporate processed tomatoes into different segments. The growth of plant-based diets and the increasing popularity of health-conscious products further bolster the potential of processed tomatoes in various non-traditional applications, creating a pathway for market growth.

By Distribution Channel

Supermarkets/Hypermarkets:

Supermarkets and hypermarkets remain key distribution channels for processed tomato products, providing consumers with a wide selection of options under one roof. The convenience and variety offered by these retail formats appeal to shoppers looking for both quality and accessibility. With the growing demand for processed tomatoes, many retailers have expanded their product ranges to include brands that cater to diverse consumer preferences, such as organic and specialty products. The organized retail sector has also been instrumental in creating promotional campaigns and in-store displays, elevating consumer awareness and driving sales of processed tomato products. The continued expansion of supermarket chains globally is expected to bolster the availability and consumption of processed tomatoes in the coming years.

Online Stores:

The rise of e-commerce has transformed how consumers shop for processed tomato products, leading to significant growth in online sales channels. The convenience of home delivery and the ability to compare prices and products easily have made online shopping a preferred choice for many consumers. Online platforms offer an extensive range of processed tomato products, including niche and organic options that may not be available in physical stores. As more consumers turn to online grocery shopping, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the online distribution channel is expected to grow further. Manufacturers are also investing in digital marketing strategies to enhance their online presence, ensuring that they capture the attention of health-conscious and convenience-seeking consumers.

Specialty Stores:

Specialty stores serve as important distribution channels for processed tomato products, particularly those that focus on organic, gourmet, and artisanal offerings. These stores cater to a specific consumer segment that values high-quality ingredients and unique product formulations. The growing trend towards organic and natural food consumption has led to increased demand for specialty tomato products, such as organic tomato paste and gourmet sauces. Specialty stores often provide a curated selection of products, allowing consumers to explore unique flavors and brands that may not be available in mainstream retail outlets. As the market for specialty foods expands, these stores play a crucial role in promoting and distributing premium processed tomato products to discerning consumers.

Convenience Stores:

Convenience stores play a growing role in the distribution of processed tomato products, particularly in urban areas where consumers seek quick and easy access to food items. The availability of ready-to-eat meals and on-the-go products has made convenience stores an attractive option for busy consumers looking for quick solutions. Many convenience stores are expanding their food offerings to include processed tomato products such as sauces and prepared meals. The trend towards snacking and quick meal options has led to increased sales of tomato-based products in these stores, catering to consumers' immediate needs for convenience and taste. As urban lifestyles continue to evolve, the significance of convenience stores in the processed tomato market is expected to continue rising.

Others:

The 'Others' category in distribution channels includes various non-traditional outlets such as farmers' markets, food cooperatives, and direct-to-consumer sales. These channels provide unique opportunities for consumers to access fresh and locally produced processed tomato products. The growing trend towards supporting local farmers and sustainability has contributed to the popularity of these distribution methods, allowing consumers to engage more closely with producers. Furthermore, direct-to-consumer models enable brands to establish a strong relationship with their customers, creating loyalty and trust. As the demand for fresh and organic products continues to grow, these alternative distribution channels are expected to gain prominence in the processed tomato market.

By Ingredient Type

Organic Tomatoes:

Organic tomatoes have gained significant traction in the processed tomato market, driven by the rising consumer preference for organic and natural food products. The organic segment is characterized by tomatoes that are grown without synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms. As health-conscious consumers seek out products perceived as healthier and more sustainable, the demand for organic tomato-based products, including sauces, pastes, and purees, has surged. Additionally, organic tomatoes are often associated with superior flavor and quality, further enhancing their appeal in the market. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on promoting their organic offerings, tapping into the trend of conscious eating and sustainable agriculture, which is expected to continue driving growth in this segment.

Conventional Tomatoes:

Conventional tomatoes comprise a significant segment of the tomato processing market, primarily due to their widespread availability and affordability. These tomatoes are grown using traditional agricultural practices, making them more accessible to a broader consumer base. The conventional segment caters to a diverse range of processed tomato products, including sauces, pastes, and canned goods. While there is a growing preference for organic products, conventional tomatoes continue to play a critical role in the market, especially for budget-conscious consumers. The processed foods sector relies heavily on conventional tomatoes due to their consistent supply and lower cost, ensuring their continued presence in the tomato processing industry. Manufacturers are also focusing on enhancing the quality and taste of conventional tomato products to maintain consumer interest and satisfaction.

By Region

The tomato processing market exhibits varying dynamics across different regions, with North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific being the most prominent markets. In North America, the market is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 4.2%, driven by the increasing demand for convenience foods and processed tomato products among consumers. The United States is the leading contributor to this growth, with a strong food processing industry that relies heavily on tomato-based products. On the other hand, Europe also holds a significant share of the tomato processing market, characterized by diverse culinary traditions that heavily incorporate processed tomatoes. The region's emphasis on organic and health-oriented food products further propels the demand for both fresh and processed tomatoes.

In Asia Pacific, the tomato processing market is expected to witness considerable growth, with a CAGR of 5.0% during the forecast period. Rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles in countries like India and China are driving the demand for processed tomato products as consumers increasingly seek convenience in food preparation. The expanding middle-class population and rising disposable incomes in the region are also contributing to the growing consumption of processed tomatoes. Latin America, known for its agricultural production, particularly in tomato farming, is expected to maintain a steady growth rate, while the Middle East & Africa are showing promising potential, driven by the increasing adoption of processed foods and changing dietary habits.

Opportunities

The tomato processing market is characterized by numerous opportunities driven by evolving consumer preferences and emerging trends. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the growing demand for plant-based and organic products. As consumers become more health-conscious and environmentally aware, there is an increasing shift towards organic and sustainably sourced ingredients, including processed tomatoes. Companies that engage in sustainable farming practices and offer organic tomato products can capitalize on this trend to attract a dedicated consumer base. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce has opened up new avenues for distribution, allowing manufacturers to reach a wider audience and cater to niche markets looking for specialty tomato products. This digital transformation in retail presents a lucrative opportunity for growth and innovation in product offerings.

Another opportunity for growth within the tomato processing market is the potential for product diversification. As consumers become more adventurous in their culinary pursuits, there is a rising demand for innovative and unique tomato-based products. Manufacturers can explore creating new varieties of sauces, pastes, and ready-to-cook meal solutions that cater to diverse taste preferences and dietary requirements. Moreover, the health benefits associated with tomatoes, such as their antioxidant properties, present opportunities for product development in the health and wellness sectors. By focusing on functional foods and enhancing the nutritional value of processed tomato products, companies can tap into the expanding market for health-oriented offerings, thus positioning themselves advantageously in the competitive landscape.

Threats

The tomato processing market faces several threats that could impact growth and sustainability. One of the primary challenges is the volatility in raw material prices, particularly due to fluctuations in agricultural yields caused by climate change and environmental factors. Extreme weather conditions, pests, and diseases can significantly influence tomato production, resulting in unpredictable supply levels and impacting pricing strategies for processed products. Such uncertainties can lead to higher costs for manufacturers and may ultimately affect the pricing and availability of processed tomato products in the market. Additionally, competition from alternative products, such as dairy-based and plant-based substitutes, poses a threat to the market as consumers increasingly experiment with diverse food options.

Furthermore, the regulatory environment surrounding food processing and safety standards can present challenges for manufacturers. Compliance with stringent regulations regarding food safety, labeling, and organic certification can increase operational costs and complicate production processes. Companies must stay abreast of changing regulations and invest in quality assurance measures to ensure product safety and compliance. These factors can hinder growth prospects, particularly for smaller manufacturers who may struggle to meet regulatory demands. The convergence of these threats necessitates strategic planning and adaptation for companies operating in the tomato processing market to navigate potential challenges effectively.

Competitor Outlook

• ConAgra Foods
• Campbell Soup Company
• H.J. Heinz Company
• Del Monte Foods
• General Mills
• Nestlé S.A.
• Scandic Food A/S
• Olivier & Co.
• Kraft Heinz Company
• Podravka d.d.
• T. Marzetti Company
• Unilever PLC
• Ragu
• Muir Glen
• BioNaturae

The competitive landscape of the tomato processing market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging brands, catering to diverse consumer preferences and market demands. Major companies in the sector, such as ConAgra Foods and Campbell Soup Company, have established strong market positions due to their extensive product portfolios and distribution networks. These companies invest heavily in marketing and brand development, ensuring they maintain a competitive edge in the market. Additionally, the focus on innovative packaging solutions and the introduction of new product lines help these industry giants to retain consumer loyalty and drive sales.

In contrast, emerging companies are leveraging trends toward organic and health-focused products to carve out niche market segments. Brands like Muir Glen and BioNaturae capitalize on the growing consumer interest in organic and natural foods, offering unique tomato products that resonate with health-conscious consumers. These companies often focus on sustainable practices and transparency in their sourcing, which appeals to a demographic that prioritizes ethical consumption. As competition intensifies, established brands are adapting by incorporating organic offerings into their existing product lines and promoting health-oriented messaging in their marketing strategies.

Moreover, the competitive landscape is further influenced by regional players who understand local tastes and preferences. For instance, companies like Ragu and Podravka d.d. cater specifically to regional markets, developing products that align with local culinary traditions. This adaptability allows them to compete effectively against larger multinational corporations while addressing specific consumer needs. Overall, the tomato processing market is dynamic and continually evolving, as companies seek to innovate and differentiate their offerings to meet the changing demands of consumers.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Ragu
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Muir Glen
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 BioNaturae
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Unilever PLC
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 ConAgra Foods
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 General Mills
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Olivier & Co.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Podravka d.d.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Del Monte Foods
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Scandic Food A/S
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 H.J. Heinz Company
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Nestlé S.A.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Kraft Heinz Company
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 T. Marzetti Company
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Campbell Soup Company
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Tomato Processing Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Food Industry
    • 6.1.2 Beverage Industry
    • 6.1.3 Pharmaceutical Industry
    • 6.1.4 Others
  • 6.2 Tomato Processing Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Fresh Tomatoes
    • 6.2.2 Tomato Paste
    • 6.2.3 Diced Tomatoes
    • 6.2.4 Tomato Sauce
    • 6.2.5 Tomato Puree
  • 6.3 Tomato Processing Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Organic Tomatoes
    • 6.3.2 Conventional Tomatoes
  • 6.4 Tomato Processing Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
    • 6.4.2 Online Stores
    • 6.4.3 Specialty Stores
    • 6.4.4 Convenience Stores
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Tomato Processing Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Tomato Processing market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Fresh Tomatoes
• Tomato Paste
• Diced Tomatoes
• Tomato Sauce
• Tomato Puree

By Application

• Food Industry
• Beverage Industry
• Pharmaceutical Industry
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
• Online Stores
• Specialty Stores
• Convenience Stores
• Others

By Ingredient Type

• Organic Tomatoes
• Conventional Tomatoes

By Region

• Asia Pacific
• North America
• Latin America
• Europe
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• ConAgra Foods
• Campbell Soup Company
• H.J. Heinz Company
• Del Monte Foods
• General Mills
• Nestlé S.A.
• Scandic Food A/S
• Olivier & Co.
• Kraft Heinz Company
• Podravka d.d.
• T. Marzetti Company
• Unilever PLC
• Ragu
• Muir Glen
• BioNaturae