Zika Virus Vaccines Sales

Zika Virus Vaccines Sales Market Outlook

The global Zika virus vaccines market was valued at approximately USD 450 million in 2023, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 12% from 2025 to 2035. This growth trajectory is primarily attributed to the increasing prevalence of Zika virus infections across various regions, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas where the Aedes mosquito—a known vector for the virus—thrives. Furthermore, heightened awareness and government initiatives aimed at controlling mosquito populations and preventing Zika virus outbreaks have bolstered demand for effective vaccination solutions. Additionally, ongoing advancements in vaccine technology, such as the development of mRNA and DNA vaccines, are set to enhance the efficacy and safety profiles of Zika vaccines, thereby driving market growth. Global health organizations and collaborations between public and private sectors are also instrumental in advancing research and development efforts, which are crucial in combating the Zika virus threat more effectively.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the primary growth factors for the Zika virus vaccines market is the increasing number of reported Zika virus cases worldwide, along with persistent public health concerns regarding the long-term consequences of infection, such as congenital Zika syndrome. These factors have prompted governments and health organizations to invest significantly in vaccine development and distribution initiatives. Furthermore, the rising awareness among the general public and healthcare professionals about the risks associated with Zika virus infection, particularly its impact on pregnancy outcomes, enhances the urgency for effective vaccination programs. Scientific advancements in vaccine technologies, such as the transition from traditional vaccine formulations to innovative platforms like mRNA vaccines, are expected to play a pivotal role in expanding the market. Additionally, supportive regulatory frameworks and funding from organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) are facilitating accelerated research and development processes. Collectively, these factors are creating a conducive environment for market growth, ensuring that Zika virus vaccination becomes a top priority in public health agendas globally.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Increasing prevalence of Zika virus infections driving demand for vaccines.
• Growing public awareness regarding the importance of vaccination against vector-borne diseases.
• Innovations in vaccine technology, including mRNA and DNA platforms, enhancing safety and efficacy.
• Supportive regulatory frameworks and global health initiatives facilitating vaccine development.
• Collaborative efforts between public and private sectors to tackle the Zika virus threat.

By Type

Live Attenuated Vaccine:

The live attenuated vaccine segment of the Zika virus vaccines market is gaining traction due to its ability to elicit a robust immune response. Live attenuated vaccines utilize weakened forms of the virus, which stimulate the immune system without causing the disease itself. This type of vaccine has garnered significant attention in developmental studies, especially considering its historical success in immunizing against other viral infections. The potential for long-lasting immunity with fewer doses makes live attenuated vaccines an attractive option for public health campaigns, especially in endemic regions where Zika outbreaks are prevalent. However, safety concerns during pregnancy, coupled with the need for stringent storage and handling, may influence the widespread adoption of this vaccine type in certain populations.

Inactivated Vaccine:

The inactivated vaccine segment represents another promising approach in the Zika virus vaccines market. Inactivated vaccines utilize virus particles that have been killed or inactivated so that they cannot cause disease. This type of vaccine is known for its safety profile, making it suitable for use among vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. The potential for broad immunogenic responses without the risk of reversion to a virulent form is a significant advantage. Ongoing clinical trials and studies are focused on optimizing the formulation and dosage of inactivated vaccines to maximize efficacy while minimizing side effects. The rising emphasis on safety in vaccination strategies is likely to drive the demand for inactivated Zika virus vaccines.

DNA Vaccine:

DNA vaccines are emerging as a revolutionary modality in the Zika virus vaccines market due to their ability to induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. By introducing plasmid DNA encoding Zika virus proteins, these vaccines prompt the host's cells to produce the corresponding antigens, thus generating an immune response. The advantages of DNA vaccines include their stability, ease of manufacturing, and potential for rapid development in response to outbreaks. Moreover, they do not require live virus handling, making them safer for administration. As research progresses, we expect to see advancements in delivery methods and formulations, further enhancing the appeal of DNA vaccines as a viable option against Zika virus.

mRNA Vaccine:

The mRNA vaccine segment has gained significant attention in recent years, especially following the success of mRNA-based vaccines for other diseases like COVID-19. These vaccines contain messenger RNA that instructs the body’s cells to produce a harmless piece of the Zika virus, which then triggers an immune response. The rapid development and adaptability of mRNA technology make it a compelling option for Zika vaccine candidates. Furthermore, mRNA vaccines can be engineered quickly in response to emerging variants of the virus, offering a strategic advantage in controlling outbreaks. As clinical trials yield promising results, mRNA vaccines are likely to become a cornerstone of the Zika virus vaccination strategy.

Recombinant Vaccine:

The recombinant vaccine segment leverages advanced biotechnology to create a vaccine using genetically engineered organisms that express Zika virus antigens. This approach allows for the production of safe and effective vaccines without the necessity of using live virus, reducing safety concerns, particularly among populations at risk. Recombinant vaccines often elicit strong immune responses and can be produced in large quantities, making them suitable for mass vaccination efforts. As research continues to substantiate their safety and efficacy, recombinant vaccines are positioned to play a vital role in the global fight against Zika virus outbreaks.

By User

Hospitals:

Hospitals are expected to be one of the primary users of Zika virus vaccines, particularly in regions with high transmission rates. Hospitals play a crucial role in administering vaccines to patients, especially during peak infection seasons. The presence of healthcare professionals trained to monitor vaccination responses and manage any potential adverse effects is a significant factor driving the uptake of vaccines in these settings. Additionally, hospitals often serve as the frontline for public health initiatives where mass vaccination campaigns can be implemented effectively. The collaboration between hospitals and public health officials also facilitates the dissemination of critical information related to Zika virus prevention and vaccination.

Clinics:

Clinics represent an essential segment of the end-user market for Zika virus vaccines, offering more accessible vaccination services to communities. These facilities are typically more localized and can reach populations that may not have easy access to hospital services. The convenience of clinics allows for a higher volume of vaccinations, particularly in urban and rural settings where health education and preventive care are paramount. Clinics often serve as the first point of contact for individuals seeking vaccination information and services, thereby playing a significant role in promoting public awareness regarding the Zika virus and the benefits of vaccination.

Research Institutes:

Research institutes are fundamental players in the Zika virus vaccines market, as they are involved in the development and clinical testing of new vaccine candidates. These organizations engage in critical research that informs vaccine design, efficacy, and safety profiles. Their work often includes preclinical and clinical trials that lay the groundwork for regulatory approvals and market entry. Furthermore, research institutes collaborate with pharmaceutical companies and government entities to advance vaccine technology and address emerging challenges associated with Zika virus outbreaks. Their contributions are vital for ensuring a robust pipeline of vaccine candidates and enhancing the scientific understanding of Zika virus transmission and immunology.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses various end-users, including government health departments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international health agencies involved in vaccination efforts. These entities play a crucial role in funding and facilitating vaccination programs, particularly in high-risk areas. Their involvement often includes public health campaigns aimed at educating communities about the importance of Zika virus vaccines and ensuring equitable access to vaccination services. By collaborating with healthcare providers and stakeholders, these organizations help to coordinate vaccination drives and monitor the outcomes of vaccination efforts, thereby contributing to the overall success of Zika virus prevention strategies.

By Route of Administration

Intramuscular Injection:

Intramuscular injection is one of the most common routes of administration for Zika virus vaccines, offering several advantages in terms of immunogenicity and safety. This method allows for the vaccine to be delivered deep into the muscle tissue, facilitating a rapid and effective immune response. Intramuscular injections are typically less painful and can be administered by trained healthcare professionals in various healthcare settings. The availability of trained personnel to manage the injection process further enhances its feasibility, particularly in mass vaccination campaigns. As a result, this route of administration is positioned to be a primary method for Zika virus vaccine delivery in both clinical and public health settings.

Subcutaneous Injection:

Subcutaneous injection is another route of administration that is gaining attention for Zika virus vaccines. This method involves injecting the vaccine into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin, which can enhance patient comfort and reduce the risk of complications associated with deeper injections. Subcutaneous delivery is particularly beneficial for populations that may experience anxiety related to injections, such as children or those with needle phobia. Moreover, this route can simplify the vaccination process in community health settings where healthcare providers may have limited training in administering intramuscular injections. Therefore, the subcutaneous route presents an alternative method to increase vaccine accessibility and uptake among diverse populations.

Oral:

The oral route of administration offers a non-invasive alternative for Zika virus vaccines, which may significantly improve vaccination rates, especially in regions with limited access to healthcare facilities. Oral vaccines do not require needles, making them more appealing to individuals hesitant about injections. This method also has the potential for easier distribution and administration, particularly in mass vaccination campaigns where large populations need to be targeted quickly. The development of effective oral Zika vaccines is still ongoing, but if successful, this route could revolutionize vaccination strategies by making them more user-friendly and accessible to diverse demographics.

By Distribution Channel

Hospital Pharmacies:

Hospital pharmacies play a pivotal role in the distribution of Zika virus vaccines, serving as vital points for vaccine procurement, storage, and administration. These pharmacies ensure that vaccines are maintained at the required temperature and handled according to strict regulatory guidelines, safeguarding their efficacy. Moreover, hospital pharmacies are integral to coordinating vaccination efforts within healthcare facilities, including tracking vaccine inventory and managing patient scheduling for immunizations. The availability of healthcare professionals trained in vaccine administration within hospitals further enhances the reliability of this distribution channel. As vaccination campaigns ramp up, hospital pharmacies will be essential in bolstering public health efforts against Zika virus transmission.

Retail Pharmacies:

Retail pharmacies represent another critical distribution channel for Zika virus vaccines, offering convenience and accessibility to the general public. These pharmacies are often located in community settings where residents can easily obtain vaccinations without the need for hospital visits. Retail pharmacies have the infrastructure to administer vaccines and provide essential counseling on vaccination schedules, potential side effects, and preventive measures. The integration of Zika virus vaccines into retail pharmacy services will likely enhance uptake among individuals who may not seek vaccination through healthcare facilities. Collaboration between pharmaceutical companies and retailers can further facilitate marketing and distribution strategies aimed at educating the public about the importance of Zika vaccination.

Online Pharmacies:

Online pharmacies are emerging as a modern distribution channel for Zika virus vaccines, leveraging digital platforms to reach a broader audience. This approach allows individuals to access vaccine information and schedule appointments from the comfort of their homes, significantly enhancing convenience. Online pharmacies can also facilitate the ordering and delivery of vaccines to local healthcare providers or directly to patients, depending on regulatory approvals. The ability to provide telehealth consultations alongside vaccine services further enhances patient engagement and education. As the trend toward digital healthcare continues to grow, online pharmacies are poised to play an increasingly important role in the Zika virus vaccine distribution landscape.

By Region

The regional analysis of the Zika virus vaccines market highlights significant disparities in vaccine development and administration efforts across different areas of the globe. In North America, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10% due to increased funding for research and public health initiatives aimed at controlling vector populations. The emphasis on advanced vaccine technologies, including mRNA vaccines, is also contributing to the region's market expansion. In Europe, heightened awareness of the Zika virus, bolstered by travel advisories and public health campaigns, is driving demand for vaccinations, although the market is comparatively smaller due to a lower prevalence of the virus. The focus on scientific collaboration and regulatory support further enhances the prospects for vaccine development in this region.

In Asia Pacific, the Zika virus vaccines market is witnessing rapid growth, primarily driven by the high incidence of Zika virus infections in countries such as Brazil and the Philippines. With a projected CAGR of 14%, this region is becoming a focal point for vaccine development and distribution efforts. Latin America remains a critical area for Zika virus vaccination campaigns, given its history of outbreaks and transmission challenges. The Middle East and Africa also present opportunities, although infrastructural challenges and health service accessibility may hinder market growth. Overall, the regional dynamics reflect varying levels of healthcare investment and public health priorities that are shaping the Zika virus vaccines market.

Opportunities

Significant opportunities exist in the Zika virus vaccines market, particularly in driving innovations in vaccine technology. As the global landscape evolves, the introduction of novel approaches such as mRNA and DNA vaccines presents a unique opportunity to enhance vaccine safety and efficacy. These technologies have already demonstrated their potential in addressing sudden outbreaks and evolving viral strains. Investment in research and development efforts focusing on these advanced vaccine platforms can lead to faster vaccine generation, thus enabling quicker responses to Zika virus outbreaks. Furthermore, collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, research institutes, and governmental organizations can maximize resource utilization and expedite the vaccine development process. Engaging in public-private partnerships offers a strategic avenue to pool expertise, funding, and distribution networks, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination strategies.

Moreover, expanding access to Zika virus vaccines in underserved populations represents a critical opportunity within the market. Geographic disparities in healthcare access and vaccination coverage highlight the need for targeted outreach programs and education campaigns that address cultural and socio-economic barriers. By collaborating with local organizations and leveraging telehealth platforms, stakeholders can effectively disseminate information and facilitate vaccine distribution. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on global health initiatives and preparedness against vector-borne diseases underscores the importance of Zika virus vaccination as part of broader public health strategies. The integration of Zika virus vaccines into routine immunization programs in endemic regions can significantly enhance population immunity and reduce the risk of future outbreaks.

Threats

Despite the positive growth outlook, the Zika virus vaccines market faces several threats that could impede progress. One of the primary challenges is rooted in public perception and vaccine hesitancy, which have been exacerbated by misinformation surrounding vaccine safety and efficacy. The experience with the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened scrutiny regarding vaccine development processes, leading to increased skepticism among certain segments of the population. This hesitancy can result in lower vaccination rates, undermining efforts to control Zika virus transmission effectively. Additionally, political instability and fluctuations in funding for public health initiatives can further complicate vaccine distribution efforts, particularly in regions that are most affected by Zika outbreaks.

Another significant threat to the Zika virus vaccines market is the continuous evolution of the Zika virus and its potential for mutation, which can impact vaccine efficacy. The emergence of new variants necessitates ongoing research and monitoring to ensure that vaccine formulations remain effective against circulating strains. Furthermore, the presence of other mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya, creates competition for public health resources and attention, potentially diverting focus away from Zika virus vaccination efforts. These interconnected challenges highlight the importance of sustained investment in research, public health education, and community engagement to mitigate threats and ensure the successful deployment of Zika virus vaccines.

Competitor Outlook

• Sanofi Pasteur
• GlaxoSmithKline plc
• Inovio Pharmaceuticals
• Moderna, Inc.
• Johnson & Johnson
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Novavax, Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Valneva SE
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• Bharat Biotech International Limited
• Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
• Vaxart, Inc.
• Medicago Inc.
• ReViral Limited

The competitive landscape of the Zika virus vaccines market is shaped by a diverse array of players, ranging from established pharmaceuticals to innovative biotech companies. Sanofi Pasteur and GlaxoSmithKline are prominent leaders in the vaccine space, leveraging their extensive research capabilities to develop and market Zika virus vaccines. These companies bring significant resources and expertise, which enable them to conduct large-scale clinical trials and navigate regulatory pathways efficiently. Moreover, their established distribution networks facilitate the widespread availability of vaccines, ensuring timely access for at-risk populations. The competitive edge of these companies also lies in their ability to adapt to changing market dynamics and respond to emerging health threats.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals and Moderna, Inc. are notable contenders in the development of mRNA and DNA vaccine platforms. Their innovative approaches have garnered significant attention and investment, positioning them at the forefront of vaccine technology. Both companies are leveraging their expertise in genetic engineering to create safe and effective Zika virus vaccine candidates. Additionally, the experience gained from their COVID-19 vaccine development efforts has further strengthened their capabilities in rapid vaccine responses, a critical aspect in managing Zika virus outbreaks. As these companies advance through the clinical trial phases, their success could redefine the Zika virus vaccination landscape.

Other companies, such as Novavax, Johnson & Johnson, and Merck & Co., are also actively engaged in developing Zika virus vaccines, utilizing various platforms, including recombinant and inactivated vaccines. These established firms possess the infrastructure needed for large-scale manufacturing and distribution, granting them a competitive advantage in bringing vaccines to market promptly. Furthermore, their established relationships with governmental and non-governmental organizations provide a strategic channel for collaborating on public health initiatives aimed at controlling viral outbreaks. As competition intensifies, innovation, regulatory compliance, and strategic partnerships will play crucial roles in shaping the future of the Zika virus vaccines market.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Valneva SE
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Pfizer Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Vaxart, Inc.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Medicago Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Moderna, Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Novavax, Inc.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Sanofi Pasteur
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 ReViral Limited
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Johnson & Johnson
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Merck & Co., Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 GlaxoSmithKline plc
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Inovio Pharmaceuticals
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Bharat Biotech International Limited
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Zika Virus Vaccines Sales Market, By Type
    • 6.1.1 Live Attenuated Vaccine
    • 6.1.2 Inactivated Vaccine
    • 6.1.3 DNA Vaccine
    • 6.1.4 mRNA Vaccine
    • 6.1.5 Recombinant Vaccine
  • 6.2 Zika Virus Vaccines Sales Market, By User
    • 6.2.1 Hospitals
    • 6.2.2 Clinics
    • 6.2.3 Research Institutes
    • 6.2.4 Others
  • 6.3 Zika Virus Vaccines Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Hospital Pharmacies
    • 6.3.2 Retail Pharmacies
    • 6.3.3 Online Pharmacies
  • 6.4 Zika Virus Vaccines Sales Market, By Route of Administration
    • 6.4.1 Intramuscular Injection
    • 6.4.2 Subcutaneous Injection
    • 6.4.3 Oral

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Zika Virus Vaccines Sales Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Zika Virus Vaccines Sales market is categorized based on

By Type

• Live Attenuated Vaccine
• Inactivated Vaccine
• DNA Vaccine
• mRNA Vaccine
• Recombinant Vaccine

By User

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Research Institutes
• Others

By Route of Administration

• Intramuscular Injection
• Subcutaneous Injection
• Oral

By Distribution Channel

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Sanofi Pasteur
• GlaxoSmithKline plc
• Inovio Pharmaceuticals
• Moderna, Inc.
• Johnson & Johnson
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Novavax, Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Valneva SE
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• Bharat Biotech International Limited
• Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
• Vaxart, Inc.
• Medicago Inc.
• ReViral Limited