Vascular Grafts

Vascular Grafts Market Outlook

The global vascular grafts market was valued at approximately USD 3.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 5.0 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 5.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth is fueled by several factors, including the rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, an increasing aging population that is susceptible to vascular surgeries, and advancements in surgical techniques and graft technologies. Additionally, the growing demand for minimally invasive surgical procedures has further stimulated the adoption of vascular grafts, as these devices provide effective solutions for restoring blood flow in obstructed vessels. Furthermore, increased healthcare expenditure and the expansion of healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies are expected to contribute significantly to market expansion over the coming years.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth factors for the vascular grafts market are multifaceted, stemming from both medical and demographic trends. First, the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including conditions such as coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease, necessitates more vascular surgical interventions that utilize grafts. Second, the aging population globally is a crucial driver, as older individuals are more likely to require vascular surgeries due to age-related ailments. Third, technological advancements in the production of grafts, including the development of bioengineered options that promote better integration with the patient's tissues, are enhancing the efficacy and safety of these products. Moreover, the rise in awareness regarding the benefits of early treatment and preventive healthcare is driving patients towards seeking surgical options rather than conservative management. Lastly, supportive government initiatives and reimbursement policies aimed at improving surgical outcomes are expected to further propel market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Significant rise in geriatric population leading to increased vascular surgeries.
• Innovations in graft materials result in improved patient outcomes.
• Growing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases contributing to vascular disorders.
• Favorable reimbursement policies enhancing accessibility to graft surgeries.
• Expansion of healthcare infrastructure in developing regions driving market demand.

By Product Type

Polyester Vascular Grafts:

Polyester vascular grafts have emerged as a predominant choice in the vascular grafts market due to their biocompatibility, durability, and ease of use. These grafts are primarily made from a synthetic polymer, which allows for customization in terms of diameter and length to suit specific surgical needs. Polyester grafts are extensively utilized in procedures involving arterial bypass and the treatment of vascular diseases, thanks to their ability to maintain structural integrity over time. Additionally, innovations in the surface treatment of polyester grafts have enhanced their thromboresistance and reduced complications associated with graft infection and occlusion. With rising surgical procedures and a favorable clinical track record, polyester vascular grafts are expected to maintain a strong market presence in the forthcoming years.

PTFE Vascular Grafts:

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts are another essential product category within the vascular grafts market, known for their exceptional anti-thrombogenic properties. PTFE grafts are particularly beneficial in bypass surgeries involving smaller diameter vessels, where their flexibility and resistance to kinking are crucial. The unique chemical properties of PTFE make these grafts highly resistant to degradation and infection, providing a long-lasting solution for vascular reconstructions. As the demand for advanced surgical solutions increases, PTFE vascular grafts are gaining popularity in various applications, including peripheral vascular bypass and hemodialysis access. The ongoing research focusing on enhancing the surface characteristics of PTFE grafts is anticipated to further augment their adoption in clinical settings.

ePTFE Vascular Grafts:

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts represent a sophisticated evolution of traditional PTFE grafts. The unique porous structure of ePTFE allows for tissue ingrowth, which promotes better integration with the host vascular structure and reduces the risk of complications such as graft thrombosis and infection. These grafts are particularly utilized in high-risk surgeries and complex vascular reconstructions. The enhanced performance characteristics of ePTFE grafts in promoting endothelialization have made them a preferred choice among surgeons, especially in procedures like hemodialysis access and peripheral bypass. The continual advancements in ePTFE technology and increased awareness of their benefits among healthcare professionals are expected to drive significant growth in this segment.

Bioengineered Vascular Grafts:

Bioengineered vascular grafts are gaining traction in the vascular grafts market due to their innovative approach to mimicking natural blood vessels. These grafts, often composed of living cells and biodegradable materials, are designed to promote biological integration and reduce the risk of complications associated with synthetic grafts. The development of bioengineered grafts is a response to the limitations of traditional grafts, such as issues with biocompatibility and long-term patency. Clinical trials have demonstrated promising outcomes with bioengineered grafts, showcasing their potential for long-term success in diverse applications, including coronary artery bypass and peripheral vascular surgeries. The growing investment in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is expected to bolster the market for bioengineered vascular grafts in the near future.

Others:

The “Others” segment encompasses a variety of specialized grafts that do not fit into the primary categories like polyester, PTFE, ePTFE, or bioengineered grafts. This includes innovative graft technologies and composite grafts that utilize a combination of materials to enhance performance. These grafts may be tailored for specific surgical techniques or patient demographics, addressing unique vascular conditions or anatomical challenges. As research progresses, this segment is likely to witness growth driven by new product developments and the increasing customization of vascular grafts to meet the specific needs of patients in different clinical scenarios. Emerging technologies, including 3D printing of vascular grafts, are also expected to contribute to innovations within this category.

By Application

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting:

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most prevalent applications of vascular grafts, aimed at restoring blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease. The use of vascular grafts in CABG procedures has significantly improved outcomes for patients, enabling surgeons to bypass blocked arteries and enhance myocardial perfusion. The increasing prevalence of ischemic heart disease globally is a driving factor behind the demand for grafts in CABG surgeries. As surgical techniques evolve and minimally invasive procedures become more common, the market for grafts specifically designed for CABG is expected to grow steadily, further supported by advancements in graft materials that promote better healing and integration.

Peripheral Vascular Bypass:

Peripheral vascular bypass surgeries utilize vascular grafts to restore blood flow in peripheral arteries, commonly affected by conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD). The increasing prevalence of PAD, exacerbated by lifestyle factors such as obesity and smoking, has heightened the need for effective bypass solutions. Vascular grafts used in these procedures are specifically designed to handle lower pressure environments and facilitate proper blood flow. The advancements in graft materials and designs tailored for peripheral applications have led to improved clinical outcomes, including higher patency rates and reduced complications. As awareness of PAD rises and more patients seek surgical interventions, the peripheral vascular bypass application is anticipated to contribute significantly to the overall growth of the vascular grafts market.

Hemodialysis Access:

Hemodialysis access procedures often require the use of vascular grafts to create a reliable access point for dialysis treatment in patients with renal failure. The demand for vascular grafts in this application is driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the rising rates of diabetes and hypertension, which are key contributors to kidney disorders. Vascular grafts used in hemodialysis access must provide durability and resistance to thrombosis, making the choice of graft material crucial for patient outcomes. As healthcare systems strive to improve the quality of life for dialysis patients, the market for vascular grafts designated for hemodialysis access is expected to see robust growth, bolstered by ongoing innovations in graft technologies.

Others:

The “Others” segment in the application category includes a range of surgical interventions where vascular grafts may be employed, such as in trauma cases or reconstructive surgeries. Although not as predominant as CABG or peripheral bypass, these applications are essential for addressing urgent medical needs and restoring vascular integrity. The versatility of vascular grafts allows them to be adapted for various surgical scenarios, and ongoing research into new applications is likely to diversify their use. As medical technology advances and surgical techniques continue to evolve, the scope of applications for vascular grafts is anticipated to expand, further contributing to the market's growth.

By Distribution Channel

Hospitals:

Hospitals represent a significant distribution channel for vascular grafts, serving as primary centers for surgical procedures including bypass surgeries and dialysis access. The high volume of surgeries performed in hospitals and the availability of specialized surgical teams contribute to the demand for vascular grafts within this setting. With advancements in surgical technologies and the increasing prevalence of vascular diseases, hospitals are continually expanding their offerings, including comprehensive vascular surgical services. Consequently, this trend is expected to drive sustained growth in the utilization of vascular grafts, as hospitals prioritize patient outcomes and invest in high-quality graft materials and techniques.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) have emerged as a notable distribution channel for vascular grafts, providing outpatient surgical services that enhance patient convenience and reduce costs associated with hospital stays. The shift towards outpatient procedures for less complex vascular surgeries is catalyzing the growth of ASCs in the vascular grafts market. ASCs typically focus on lower-risk procedures, allowing for streamlined surgical processes and quicker patient recovery times. As patient preferences lean toward minimally invasive options that can be performed in an outpatient setting, the demand for vascular grafts within ASCs is likely to increase, reflecting a changing landscape in surgical care.

Specialty Clinics:

Specialty clinics, including those focusing on vascular health, nephrology, and cardiac care, serve as important distribution channels for vascular grafts. These clinics often employ advanced treatment protocols and specialized staff, attracting patients seeking tailored surgical options. The availability of focused expertise in specialty clinics enhances patient outcomes, contributing to the growth of vascular grafts utilized in specific treatments, such as dialysis access and peripheral vascular interventions. As awareness regarding vascular health rises and patients increasingly seek specialized care, the role of specialty clinics in the distribution of vascular grafts is expected to expand further.

Others:

The “Others” category encompasses various distribution channels, including online platforms and medical supply distributors that cater to healthcare providers. While traditional distribution methods remain essential, the rise of e-commerce and telemedicine is transforming the landscape for vascular graft distribution. This segment benefits from innovations in procurement processes and increased access to specialized products for healthcare facilities. As the healthcare market diversifies and adopts more digital solutions, distribution channels outside of hospitals, ASCs, and specialty clinics are likely to gain traction, enhancing the overall accessibility of vascular grafts.

By Material Type

Synthetic Vascular Grafts:

Synthetic vascular grafts are predominantly used in various surgical applications due to their versatility and robustness. These grafts, composed of materials like polyester and PTFE, are engineered to provide long-lasting solutions for vascular reconstructions. Their manufacturing process allows for standardization in terms of size and shape, ensuring consistency in surgical applications. Synthetic grafts are particularly valuable in high-pressure environments and have shown to be effective in maintaining blood flow and durability. As the demand for grafts continues to grow, the synthetic vascular graft segment is expected to see significant advancements in material science aimed at enhancing graft performance and patient outcomes.

Biological Vascular Grafts:

Biological vascular grafts are gaining traction within the market for their unique ability to integrate with the host tissue and promote natural healing. These grafts are often derived from human or animal tissues and offer distinct advantages over synthetic options, particularly in terms of biocompatibility and reduced risk of thrombus formation. Biological grafts are particularly advantageous in patients with complex medical histories or allergies to synthetic materials. The rising interest in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is driving innovation in the biological graft segment, leading to the development of more effective solutions that support healing and vascular function. As research progresses, this segment is expected to witness growth, reflecting the increasing preference for biologically derived graft options in surgical practices.

By Region

The North American region holds a significant share of the vascular grafts market, primarily due to advanced healthcare infrastructure, high surgical volume, and increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The region's market is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 5.0% during the forecast period, driven by innovations in graft technology and favorable reimbursement policies for vascular surgeries. The presence of leading manufacturers and a well-established healthcare system further reinforce North America's position at the forefront of the vascular grafts market. Additionally, increasing public awareness and access to healthcare services contribute to creating a conducive environment for market growth.

In Europe, the vascular grafts market is also poised for growth, bolstered by an aging population and rising incidence of vascular diseases. The increasing focus on improving surgical outcomes through advanced graft materials and technologies is expected to drive innovation within the European market. Moreover, supportive government initiatives aimed at enhancing surgical procedures and expanding access to quality healthcare are expected to play a pivotal role in market development. With a projected growth rate of 4.5% during the forecast period, Europe remains a vital region for vascular grafts, acting as a hub for research and development in this field. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness the fastest growth, driven by increasing healthcare investments and a rapidly expanding patient population requiring vascular surgeries.

Opportunities

The vascular grafts market presents numerous opportunities driven by technological advancements and an increasing focus on personalized medicine. As research continues to unlock the potential of bioengineered grafts, there is a significant opportunity for the development of highly customized solutions tailored to individual patient needs. Innovations in biocompatible materials and graft designs, such as those promoting rapid endothelialization and reduced complications, are expected to enhance clinical outcomes and drive adoption rates. Furthermore, as the landscape of vascular surgeries continues to evolve, the integration of telemedicine and remote patient monitoring presents a unique avenue for enhancing patient management post-surgery, thereby improving overall satisfaction and outcomes.

Additionally, the rising demand for vascular grafts in emerging economies due to increasing healthcare expenditure, improved access to surgical care, and a rising incidence of lifestyle-related diseases offers substantial market opportunities. Manufacturers are encouraged to explore strategic partnerships with local healthcare providers and invest in educational initiatives to raise awareness about vascular health. Entering new geographic markets and expanding distribution channels, particularly in underserved regions, can lead to significant growth and establish a strong market presence. Overall, the combination of technological advancements and expanding access to healthcare services will create an array of opportunities for stakeholders in the vascular grafts market.

Threats

The vascular grafts market faces several threats that could hinder its growth, primarily stemming from regulatory challenges and competition from alternative treatment options. Stringent regulatory requirements imposed by health authorities for the approval of new graft technologies may delay product launches and increase operational costs for manufacturers. Additionally, the evolving landscape of healthcare reimbursement policies poses uncertainties, as changes in coverage for vascular surgeries can impact the adoption rates of grafts. Furthermore, the presence of alternative treatment modalities, including drug-eluting stents and catheter-based interventions, may divert patients away from surgical options requiring vascular grafts. As these alternatives gain traction, there is a risk that the demand for vascular grafts may stagnate or decline in certain applications.

Another significant threat is the potential for complications associated with vascular grafts, including infection and thrombosis, which can lead to adverse patient outcomes and reduced trust in graft procedures. The occurrence of such complications can also result in increased healthcare costs and prolonged hospital stays, further complicating the market. Manufacturers must focus on enhancing the safety and efficacy of their products to mitigate these risks. Additionally, the competitive landscape may intensify as new entrants and innovative technologies emerge, further challenging existing players to differentiate their offerings and maintain market share. As such, continuous investment in research and development, coupled with strategic marketing initiatives, will be vital for companies to sustain their positions in the vascular grafts market.

Competitor Outlook

• Medtronic plc
• Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.
• Terumo Corporation
• W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
• JOTEC GmbH
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• LeMaitre Vascular, Inc.
• Cook Medical LLC
• Cardinal Health, Inc.
• Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
• Abbott Laboratories
• SMT Medical
• PolyNovo Ltd.
• Stryker Corporation
• Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd.

The competitive landscape of the vascular grafts market is characterized by the presence of established players and innovative newcomers focused on advancing graft technologies. Major companies such as Medtronic and Cook Medical lead the market with comprehensive portfolios of vascular graft solutions catering to diverse surgical applications. These companies invest heavily in research and development to introduce advanced materials and designs that improve patient outcomes and minimize complications. Additionally, strategic partnerships and collaborations with healthcare providers are commonplace, further strengthening their market position and enhancing their distribution capabilities. As competition intensifies, companies are also focusing on expanding their geographical reach, targeting emerging markets where healthcare access and surgical intervention rates are increasing.

Notable players like W. L. Gore & Associates and Bard Peripheral Vascular are pioneers in developing superior graft materials, including ePTFE and bioengineered options that promote better integration and long-term success rates. Their commitment to innovation is reflected in ongoing clinical trials and studies aimed at validating the efficacy and safety of their products. Moreover, these companies actively participate in medical conferences and forums to showcase their advancements, forging strong connections with healthcare professionals and enhancing brand recognition. As the market evolves, competition will likely drive continuous improvements in graft technologies, fostering a dynamic environment conducive to growth.

Emerging players in the vascular grafts market, including PolyNovo and SMT Medical, are also gaining traction by focusing on niche products and innovative solutions that address specific clinical challenges. These companies leverage cutting-edge technologies, such as 3D printing and regenerative medicine, to introduce novel graft designs that cater to specialized surgical needs. By prioritizing patient-centric approaches and collaborating with medical professionals, they aim to carve out significant market share while contributing to the overall advancement of vascular graft technologies. The ongoing evolution of the competitive landscape underscores the importance of adaptability and innovation in sustaining success in the vascular grafts market.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 JOTEC GmbH
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 SMT Medical
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Medtronic plc
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 PolyNovo Ltd.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Cook Medical LLC
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Terumo Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Abbott Laboratories
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Stryker Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Cardinal Health, Inc.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 LeMaitre Vascular, Inc.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Boston Scientific Corporation
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Vascular Grafts Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
    • 6.1.2 Peripheral Vascular Bypass
    • 6.1.3 Hemodialysis Access
    • 6.1.4 Others
  • 6.2 Vascular Grafts Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Polyester Vascular Grafts
    • 6.2.2 PTFE Vascular Grafts
    • 6.2.3 ePTFE Vascular Grafts
    • 6.2.4 Bioengineered Vascular Grafts
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Vascular Grafts Market, By Material Type
    • 6.3.1 Synthetic Vascular Grafts
    • 6.3.2 Biological Vascular Grafts
  • 6.4 Vascular Grafts Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Hospitals
    • 6.4.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
    • 6.4.3 Specialty Clinics
    • 6.4.4 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Vascular Grafts Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Vascular Grafts market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Polyester Vascular Grafts
• PTFE Vascular Grafts
• ePTFE Vascular Grafts
• Bioengineered Vascular Grafts
• Others

By Application

• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
• Peripheral Vascular Bypass
• Hemodialysis Access
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Specialty Clinics
• Others

By Material Type

• Synthetic Vascular Grafts
• Biological Vascular Grafts

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Medtronic plc
• Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.
• Terumo Corporation
• W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
• JOTEC GmbH
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• LeMaitre Vascular, Inc.
• Cook Medical LLC
• Cardinal Health, Inc.
• Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
• Abbott Laboratories
• SMT Medical
• PolyNovo Ltd.
• Stryker Corporation
• Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd.