Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS

Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS Market Outlook

The global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market is valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 9.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of neurological conditions such as epilepsy and depression, alongside a rising demand for non-invasive treatment options. Furthermore, technological advancements in VNS devices, coupled with increasing investments in healthcare infrastructure and research, are expected to propel the market forward. The growing awareness among healthcare practitioners and patients regarding VNS therapy's effectiveness in managing chronic conditions is also contributing to the market's expansion. As the global population ages and healthcare systems evolve, the VNS market is positioned to experience significant growth over the coming years.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors contribute to the growth of the Vagus Nerve Stimulation market, significantly influencing its trajectory. One of the primary factors is the rising incidence of neurological disorders, particularly epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression, which has increased the demand for innovative therapies like VNS. Moreover, the shift towards more patient-centric treatment approaches encourages healthcare providers to explore alternative and adjunct therapies, further facilitating the adoption of VNS technology. The advancements in device technology, including the development of less invasive external VNS options, are appealing to both patients and healthcare professionals. Additionally, ongoing clinical trials and research studies validating the effectiveness and safety of VNS therapy are expected to enhance its acceptance in mainstream medical practice. Lastly, favorable reimbursement policies and government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare access can also catalyze market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global VNS market is expected to witness a CAGR of 9.5% during the forecast period.
• North America holds the largest market share, driven by advanced healthcare infrastructure and higher adoption rates of VNS devices.
• External VNS devices are gaining traction due to their non-invasive nature and ease of use.
• Epilepsy remains the dominant application segment, contributing significantly to overall market revenue.
• Technological advancements are expanding the range of applications for VNS therapy, including emerging research in treating conditions like Alzheimer's Disease.

By Product Type

Implantable VNS Devices:

Implantable VNS devices are a crucial segment within the VNS market, designed for long-term treatment of chronic conditions such as epilepsy and depression. These devices are surgically implanted under the skin in the chest area, with a lead connected to the vagus nerve in the neck. The stimulation provided by these devices can modulate electrical signals to the brain, offering substantial relief for patients who have not responded to traditional therapies. As more clinical data emerges highlighting the efficacy of implantable devices, this segment continues to expand. Advances in miniaturization technology and battery life are also enhancing the attractiveness of these devices, making them more patient-friendly and effective. The surgical nature of their implantation, however, necessitates a thorough evaluation of patient eligibility, which influences market dynamics.

External VNS Devices:

External VNS devices represent a growing segment of the VNS market, primarily due to their non-invasive characteristics. These devices offer a viable alternative for patients who may not be candidates for surgical implantation or prefer a less invasive option. External VNS devices, such as GammaCore, provide targeted stimulation through the skin, allowing for greater comfort and flexibility in treatment. Their ease of use and the ability to self-administer therapy at home are significant advantages that enhance patient compliance. The increasing awareness of external VNS devices in managing conditions like migraines and cluster headaches further boosts market potential. As healthcare providers continue to adopt these devices, the external VNS segment is expected to see significant growth, driven by patient demand for accessible and effective treatment options.

By Application

Epilepsy:

Epilepsy is one of the most common applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation, making it a primary focus within the market. VNS therapy has been shown to significantly reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Clinical studies indicate that VNS can improve overall quality of life by lessening the emotional and psychological burden associated with epilepsy. The increase in awareness regarding VNS as a treatment option, combined with endorsements from healthcare professionals, has led to a growing number of patients seeking this therapy. As the prevalence of epilepsy continues to rise worldwide, this segment is expected to maintain a dominant share of the VNS market, driven by ongoing research and the establishment of more treatment protocols integrating VNS therapy.

Depression:

Another significant application of VNS therapy is in the treatment of major depressive disorder, particularly in patients who do not respond to conventional antidepressant medications. VNS therapy acts as a neuromodulator, providing a sustained effect on mood regulation that can complement pharmacological treatments. Clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of VNS in treating chronic depression has garnered increasing interest from both practitioners and patients. The ongoing exploration of VNS therapy for various depressive disorders, including bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression, further enhances its relevance in the mental health landscape. As mental health awareness continues to grow and more patients seek alternative therapies, the market potential for VNS in depression is set to expand significantly.

Migraine:

Vagus Nerve Stimulation has emerged as a promising alternative treatment for migraines, capitalizing on the need for effective management strategies for chronic headache disorders. Studies have demonstrated that VNS therapy can reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks in patients, especially for those who have not found relief through traditional pain management approaches. The increasing prevalence of migraines globally has led to a surge in demand for innovative treatments, positioning VNS therapy as a pertinent option within this market. The ability for patients to self-administer external VNS devices during a migraine episode provides an additional layer of appeal, making this application segment one of the more dynamic areas for growth within the VNS market. As awareness and acceptance of VNS therapy for migraine management grow, we can expect a substantial uptick in market activity.

Alzheimer's Disease:

The application of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Alzheimer's disease is still in the experimental stage but shows promising potential. Emerging research suggests that VNS may help enhance cognitive function and slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's by stimulating the vagus nerve to modulate brain activity. As the global aging population continues to increase, the prevalence of Alzheimer's is expected to rise, thereby escalating the need for effective therapies. Clinical trials exploring the efficacy of VNS in managing Alzheimer's symptoms are currently underway, and positive outcomes could pave the way for widespread adoption of this therapy in dementia care. The potential to extend the applications of VNS into cognitive disorders presents a significant opportunity for growth within the market.

Others:

Besides the primary applications of epilepsy, depression, and migraines, Vagus Nerve Stimulation is being explored for various other conditions. These include anxiety disorders, chronic pain management, and even obesity-related treatments. As research continues to validate VNS therapy's broader applicability, the "Others" segment is likely to expand, capturing a diverse array of potential patients. The versatility of VNS technology positions it favorably within the healthcare landscape, offering innovative solutions tailored to different patient needs. The ongoing investigation into new therapeutic areas underscores the adaptability of VNS and highlights its potential as a multi-condition treatment modality.

By Distribution Channel

Hospitals:

Hospitals are a critical distribution channel for Vagus Nerve Stimulation devices, accounting for a significant share of the market. These institutions typically house specialized neurology departments equipped to perform surgical procedures related to implantable VNS devices. The presence of experienced medical professionals and access to advanced medical technology in hospitals make them the preferred setting for VNS therapy initiation. Furthermore, hospitals often collaborate with manufacturers to offer comprehensive care, including pre-operative assessments, surgical procedures, and post-operative follow-ups, which enhances patient outcomes. As awareness of VNS therapy continues to grow, an increasing number of hospitals are likely to integrate VNS treatment into their standard care protocols, further solidifying their role in the distribution channel.

Specialty Clinics:

Specialty clinics focusing on neurology and mental health are increasingly becoming prominent distribution channels for VNS therapy. These clinics provide tailored care for patients with specific neurological or psychiatric disorders, making them ideal environments for administering VNS treatments. The convenience of accessing specialized care in a focused setting can enhance patient experience and compliance with treatment regimens. Furthermore, as patient interest in VNS therapy rises, specialty clinics are likely to expand their offerings to accommodate this growing demand. The establishment of partnerships between device manufacturers and specialty clinics may lead to improved patient education and increased access to VNS therapy, driving growth in this segment.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) represent a growing channel for the distribution of VNS devices, particularly for outpatient procedures. These centers offer a more cost-effective and efficient alternative to hospitals for patients undergoing VNS implantation, promoting quicker recovery times and reduced hospital stays. The rise in minimally invasive surgical procedures has made ASCs a viable option for VNS therapies, aligning with the broader trend of outpatient care. The convenience and affordability of ASCs are likely to attract patients seeking VNS treatment, thereby enhancing the market position of this channel. As the healthcare industry moves towards more patient-centered models, the role of ASCs in the VNS market is expected to expand significantly.

Others:

Other distribution channels, including online platforms and direct-to-consumer sales, are emerging as alternative avenues for VNS device accessibility. The digital transformation in healthcare has facilitated the dissemination of information regarding VNS therapy, allowing patients to research and potentially explore purchasing options directly. Moreover, telemedicine's growth has enabled virtual consultations and follow-ups, making it possible for patients to receive remote guidance on VNS therapy. While this distribution channel is still in its nascent stage, it presents a unique opportunity to reach a broader audience and enhance patient engagement with VNS therapy. As technology continues to evolve, the influence of these alternative channels on the VNS market is expected to increase.

By Technology

VNS Therapy System:

The VNS therapy system represents the cornerstone of Vagus Nerve Stimulation technology, primarily consisting of implantable devices designed to deliver electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. This system has undergone significant advancements over the years, contributing to its increased efficacy and patient comfort. The current models are equipped with programmable features, allowing healthcare providers to personalize treatment settings based on individual patient needs. Continuous research and development efforts focus on improving the system's reliability and minimizing surgical risks associated with implantation. The established efficacy of the VNS therapy system in managing epilepsy and depression drives its continued adoption, establishing it as a leading technology within the VNS market.

GammaCore:

GammaCore, an external non-invasive VNS device, has gained substantial recognition due to its usability and effectiveness in treating migraines and cluster headaches. This innovative technology allows patients to self-administer VNS therapy at home, leading to improved treatment compliance and quality of life. GammaCore’s design is centered around patient comfort, providing an accessible option for those who may be hesitant about surgical interventions. The ongoing clinical trials and positive results associated with GammaCore therapy further bolster its market presence. As awareness of non-invasive treatment options grows, GammaCore is poised to capture a larger share of the VNS market, particularly among patients seeking alternative headache management strategies.

tVNS:

Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) is an innovative approach that allows for non-invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve through the skin, typically on the ear. This technology has garnered interest for its potential application in various conditions, including depression and anxiety. tVNS devices are user-friendly, allowing patients to administer therapy outside of clinical settings, which enhances adherence and patient satisfaction. Research continues to explore the full range of applications for tVNS, with initial studies indicating promising results in mood regulation and stress reduction. The non-invasive nature of tVNS makes it an attractive option for patients wary of surgical procedures, contributing to its anticipated growth within the VNS market.

NEMOS:

NEMOS is an external VNS device that has shown effectiveness in the treatment of epilepsy and migraines. Similar to other external devices, NEMOS offers a non-invasive alternative for patients who are not candidates for surgical VNS implantation. The device allows for targeted stimulation through the skin, providing flexibility and ease of use. As clinical studies continue to validate NEMOS's efficacy in managing chronic pain and neurological disorders, its market penetration is expected to increase. The growing acceptance of external VNS devices among healthcare providers and patients alike is likely to enhance the visibility and utilization of NEMOS within the overall VNS market.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses various experimental and emerging VNS technologies that are currently under development or clinical evaluation. This includes next-generation devices aiming to enhance stimulation accuracy, battery life, and patient comfort. As research progresses, these technologies may introduce novel applications for VNS therapy, expanding its therapeutic reach. The incorporation of advanced materials and smart technologies into VNS devices has the potential to revolutionize patient care by providing more personalized and effective treatment options. As the market evolves, these emerging technologies will play a critical role in shaping the future landscape of Vagus Nerve Stimulation therapy.

By Region

The Vagus Nerve Stimulation market exhibits notable regional variations, with North America leading the market due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure and high prevalence of neurological disorders. The region accounted for a substantial market share of approximately 45% in 2023, driven by the adoption of innovative treatment modalities and favorable reimbursement policies. Furthermore, heightened awareness of VNS therapy among healthcare providers and patients has propelled demand in the region. The CAGR for North America is projected to be around 10.2%, reflecting a robust growth trajectory as advancements in technology and treatment protocols continue to evolve. The presence of key market players and ongoing clinical research in the region further contribute to its leadership in the VNS market.

Europe follows closely, holding a significant portion of the VNS market. With an estimated market share of around 30%, Europe has seen increasing adoption rates of VNS therapy, particularly in countries like Germany, the UK, and France. The growing emphasis on mental health awareness, coupled with rising incidences of epilepsy and depression, has fueled market growth in this region. The European market is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 8.5% during the forecast period, driven by ongoing research and the introduction of innovative VNS devices. As healthcare systems in Europe continue to prioritize access to advanced therapies, the VNS market is poised for continued expansion.

Opportunities

As the Vagus Nerve Stimulation market continues to grow, various opportunities are emerging that stakeholders can capitalize on to enhance their market presence and offerings. One significant opportunity lies in expanding awareness and education about VNS therapy among healthcare professionals and patients. Targeted educational campaigns can inform practitioners about the benefits and applications of VNS, enabling them to make more informed decisions when developing treatment plans. Additionally, educating patients about the potential benefits of VNS therapy can encourage more individuals to explore this option, thereby increasing demand. Collaborations among healthcare providers, device manufacturers, and patient advocacy groups can further amplify these efforts, ensuring that VNS therapy gains the recognition it deserves in the broader healthcare landscape.

Another promising opportunity in the VNS market is the potential for technological advancements and product innovations. As research continues to explore new applications for VNS therapy, the development of next-generation devices could unlock new therapeutic possibilities. For instance, enhancing the capabilities of external VNS devices, improving user experience, and integrating smart technologies for remote monitoring can significantly improve patient outcomes. Moreover, exploring the use of VNS therapy in treating emerging conditions, such as obesity or anxiety disorders, presents an avenue for growth. Companies that invest in research and development and remain at the forefront of technology innovation in the VNS sector are likely to lead the market in the coming years.

Threats

Despite the promising outlook for the Vagus Nerve Stimulation market, several threats could hinder its growth trajectory. One significant threat is the potential for stringent regulatory requirements governing the approval and commercialization of VNS devices. Regulatory bodies may impose rigorous clinical trial protocols and extensive data requirements, which could delay the introduction of new technologies and innovations in the market. Additionally, competition from alternative treatment modalities, such as pharmacological therapies and other neuromodulation techniques, poses a challenge as patients may opt for these options due to perceived ease of access or familiarity. The evolving landscape of healthcare regulations and market dynamics necessitates that stakeholders remain agile and responsive to changes in order to maintain their competitive advantage.

A further concern for the VNS market is the perception of surgical procedures among patients and healthcare providers. The invasive nature of implantable VNS devices may deter some patients from considering this option, particularly those with anxiety about surgery or potential side effects. Negative public perception or misinformation regarding VNS therapy could also impact patient adoption rates. Therefore, addressing these concerns through transparent communication, patient education, and evidence-based information is essential to mitigate potential resistance. Stakeholders must prioritize building trust with patients and practitioners to encourage more widespread acceptance of VNS therapy as a viable treatment option.

Competitor Outlook

• Cyberonics, Inc.
• LivaNova PLC
• ElectroCore, Inc.
• NeuroPace, Inc.
• Medtronic PLC
• Stimwave Technologies Incorporated
• Haupt Pharma AG
• VNS Therapeutics, Inc.
• NeuroSigma, Inc.
• Hua Medicine Inc.
• Bioness Inc.
• Orchard Therapeutics Limited
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Abbott Laboratories
• Zywave Inc.

The competitive landscape of the Vagus Nerve Stimulation market is characterized by a diverse array of players, ranging from established medical device manufacturers to emerging companies focused on innovative technologies. Major companies in the market, such as Cyberonics, Inc. and LivaNova PLC, dominate through their well-established product lines and extensive clinical experience. Cyberonics, known for its pioneering work in VNS therapy, has been instrumental in shaping the standards of care for epilepsy treatment. LivaNova, having acquired Cyberonics, continues to expand its reach and enhance its offerings, focusing on research, development, and collaboration with healthcare providers to optimize patient outcomes. These companies are heavily investing in clinical trials to explore new applications for VNS, which will likely drive future growth in the market.

Other key players like Medtronic PLC and Boston Scientific Corporation are leveraging their broad portfolios of medical devices and technologies to compete in the VNS market. Medtronic's experience in neuromodulation and innovative solutions positions it favorably in the treatment landscape for epilepsy and depression. Meanwhile, Boston Scientific is known for its advancements in minimally invasive procedures, which is appealing to patients seeking less invasive options. As these companies continue to innovate and expand their product lines, they will play a crucial role in shaping the future of VNS therapy.

In addition to these major players, emerging companies like ElectroCore, Inc. and NeuroPace, Inc. are making significant strides in the VNS market. ElectroCore has gained recognition for its external VNS device GammaCore, which is rapidly gaining traction among migraine sufferers. The non-invasive nature of GammaCore appeals to patients who prefer at-home therapies. NeuroPace's RNS System represents a technological advancement in the field of epilepsy treatment, offering personalized stimulation based on real-time seizure detection. As these smaller companies continue to innovate, they may disrupt the market dynamics and introduce new competitive pressures, thereby driving overall growth in the VNS sector.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Zywave Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Bioness Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 LivaNova PLC
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Medtronic PLC
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Haupt Pharma AG
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 NeuroPace, Inc.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Cyberonics, Inc.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 NeuroSigma, Inc.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 ElectroCore, Inc.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Hua Medicine Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Abbott Laboratories
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 VNS Therapeutics, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Orchard Therapeutics Limited
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Boston Scientific Corporation
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Stimwave Technologies Incorporated
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Epilepsy
    • 6.1.2 Depression
    • 6.1.3 Migraine
    • 6.1.4 Alzheimer's Disease
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Implantable VNS Devices
    • 6.2.2 External VNS Devices
  • 6.3 Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Hospitals
    • 6.3.2 Specialty Clinics
    • 6.3.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
    • 6.3.4 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Vagus Nerve Stimulation VNS market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Implantable VNS Devices
• External VNS Devices

By Application

• Epilepsy
• Depression
• Migraine
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals
• Specialty Clinics
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Cyberonics, Inc.
• LivaNova PLC
• ElectroCore, Inc.
• NeuroPace, Inc.
• Medtronic PLC
• Stimwave Technologies Incorporated
• Haupt Pharma AG
• VNS Therapeutics, Inc.
• NeuroSigma, Inc.
• Hua Medicine Inc.
• Bioness Inc.
• Orchard Therapeutics Limited
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Abbott Laboratories
• Zywave Inc.