Tire Reinforcing Material Market Segments - by Product Type (Steel Cord, Polyester Cord, Nylon Cord, Rayon Cord, Aramid Cord), Application (Passenger Cars, Commercial Vehicles, Two-wheelers, Off-road Vehicles, Others), Distribution Channel (OEMs, Aftermarket), Material Type (Rubber, Chemicals, Fabrics, Steel Wires, Others), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035

Tire Reinforcing Material

Tire Reinforcing Material Market Segments - by Product Type (Steel Cord, Polyester Cord, Nylon Cord, Rayon Cord, Aramid Cord), Application (Passenger Cars, Commercial Vehicles, Two-wheelers, Off-road Vehicles, Others), Distribution Channel (OEMs, Aftermarket), Material Type (Rubber, Chemicals, Fabrics, Steel Wires, Others), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035

Tire Reinforcing Material Market Outlook

The global tire reinforcing material market is projected to reach approximately USD 24 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of around 5.5% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This robust growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for fuel-efficient and durable tires, which is essential for enhancing vehicle performance and safety. Additionally, the rising production of vehicles, both passenger and commercial, plays a significant role in propelling the demand for advanced tire reinforcing materials. As manufacturers strive to meet stringent safety regulations and consumer preferences for high-performance tires, innovation in material technology continues to be a key growth factor. Furthermore, the trend toward sustainability and the adoption of eco-friendly materials in tire production are expected to further boost market dynamics.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors contribute to the growth of the tire reinforcing material market, with the most prominent being the surge in automobile production across the globe. The continuous rise in disposable income and urbanization has led to an increase in vehicle ownership, thereby driving the tire market. Furthermore, the growing awareness of vehicle safety standards and advancements in tire technology have prompted manufacturers to invest in high-quality reinforcing materials that enhance durability and performance. Additionally, the expansion of the logistics and transportation sector, driven by e-commerce growth, has significantly increased the demand for commercial vehicles, thereby boosting the market for tire reinforcing materials. Finally, ongoing research and development initiatives aimed at creating lightweight and high-strength materials are expected to facilitate innovation in tire manufacturing, leading to an overall positive market outlook.

Key Highlights of the Market
  • The global tire reinforcing material market is anticipated to reach USD 24 billion by 2035.
  • Projected CAGR of 5.5% during the period 2025-2035.
  • Increasing demand for fuel-efficient and durable tires in the automotive sector.
  • Strong growth in both passenger and commercial vehicle production worldwide.
  • Innovation in material technology aimed at improving tire performance and safety.

By Product Type

Steel Cord:

Steel cord is a crucial component in tire reinforcement, known for its high tensile strength and durability. It provides excellent resistance to punctures and abrasions, making it an ideal choice for heavy-duty tires used in commercial vehicles. The use of steel cord enhances the overall performance and lifespan of tires, allowing them to withstand varying road conditions and loads. As the demand for commercial vehicles increases, the steel cord segment is expected to witness significant growth, driven by the need for robust and reliable tire solutions. Moreover, advancements in steel cord technology, such as improved bonding properties and reduced weight, further enhance its appeal among manufacturers.

Polyester Cord:

Polyester cord is widely utilized in tire manufacturing due to its lightweight properties and excellent dimensional stability. It offers a good balance between strength and flexibility, making it suitable for various tire applications, including passenger vehicles and two-wheelers. The polyester cord segment is anticipated to grow steadily, driven by the rising demand for fuel-efficient and lightweight tires. Additionally, polyester’s resistance to moisture and abrasion contributes to improved tire longevity. As automotive manufacturers increasingly focus on enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing vehicle weight, the demand for polyester cord is expected to rise, positioning this segment for significant growth opportunities.

Nylon Cord:

Nylon cord is known for its high strength and elasticity, making it an essential component in tire reinforcement, particularly in performance and high-end tires. Its ability to absorb shocks and resist wear contributes to enhanced tire durability and performance. The nylon cord segment is expected to grow as more automotive manufacturers seek to improve tire performance characteristics such as grip and traction, especially in passenger cars and off-road vehicles. Additionally, advancements in nylon technology, such as the development of heat-resistant nylon, are expected to drive innovation and create opportunities for market expansion.

Rayon Cord:

Rayon cord is increasingly being adopted in the tire industry due to its eco-friendly properties and high tensile strength. It serves as a lightweight alternative to traditional reinforcing materials and offers excellent flexibility and adhesion to rubber compounds. The rayon cord segment is anticipated to grow as manufacturers look for sustainable options to meet environmental regulations and consumer preferences for green products. Additionally, the rising trend toward specialty tires, particularly for high-performance vehicles, is likely to bolster the demand for rayon as an effective reinforcing material in tire manufacturing.

Aramid Cord:

Aramid cord, known for its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to thermal degradation, is ideally suited for high-performance and specialized tires. This type of cord is increasingly being used in applications where safety and reliability are paramount, such as in performance vehicles and racing tires. The aramid cord segment is expected to witness substantial growth due to the increasing popularity of performance-oriented tires and the demand for lightweight materials that do not compromise on strength. As tire manufacturers continue to innovate and incorporate advanced materials into their products, aramid cord's role in enhancing tire performance is expected to broaden.

By Application

Passenger Cars:

The passenger car application segment holds a significant share of the tire reinforcing material market, driven by the increasing global demand for vehicles. As consumers prioritize safety and performance in their vehicle choices, the need for high-quality tire reinforcing materials becomes critical. This segment is witnessing growth as manufacturers focus on developing tires that offer improved fuel efficiency, better handling, and enhanced safety features. Additionally, the trend toward electric and hybrid vehicles further propels the demand for advanced tire technologies, creating opportunities for innovation in the passenger car tire market.

Commercial Vehicles:

The commercial vehicle segment is a key driver of the tire reinforcing material market, as the expansion of e-commerce and logistics services increases the demand for trucks and buses. Tires used in commercial vehicles require superior reinforcement to withstand heavy loads and long-distance travel, making the choice of reinforcing materials vital. The commercial vehicle segment is expected to experience robust growth as logistics companies prioritize fleet efficiency and safety, leading to greater investments in high-performance tire solutions. As manufacturers innovate to meet the demands of this sector, the market for tire reinforcing materials specifically designed for commercial applications is poised for substantial expansion.

Two-wheelers:

The two-wheeler market is experiencing significant growth, especially in developing regions where motorcycle usage is prevalent. The demand for tires that provide excellent grip and durability is paramount, leading to an increased focus on tire reinforcing materials. As urbanization continues and the need for efficient transportation solutions rises, the two-wheeler segment is expected to expand further. Manufacturers are increasingly utilizing advanced materials to enhance the performance characteristics of two-wheeler tires, focusing on lightweight and high-strength options that cater to the specific needs of riders.

Off-road Vehicles:

Off-road vehicles require specialized tires designed to endure rough terrains and extreme conditions. This application segment relies heavily on tire reinforcing materials that offer superior strength and durability to withstand the challenges of off-road driving. The increasing popularity of recreational vehicles and off-road sports is expected to drive the demand for advanced tire solutions in this segment. Manufacturers are continuously innovating to create tires that enhance performance in off-road conditions, fostering growth in the tire reinforcing material market specifically for off-road vehicles.

Others:

The "Others" application segment encompasses various niche markets, including industrial vehicles and specialty tires designed for specific uses. This segment is expected to grow as the demand for specialized tire solutions increases across diverse industries. For instance, tires used in agricultural machinery and construction equipment require robust reinforcement to handle heavy loads and harsh conditions. As industries evolve and seek reliable tire solutions, the market for tire reinforcing materials in these specialized applications is likely to expand, driven by the need for performance and durability.

By Distribution Channel

OEMs:

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) play a critical role in the tire reinforcing material market, as they are responsible for the initial production and assembly of vehicles. The OEM segment is expected to experience steady growth due to the increasing production of vehicles globally. Manufacturers are focusing on sourcing high-quality tire reinforcing materials to meet performance and safety standards, driving the demand for these materials in the OEM channel. Additionally, partnerships between tire manufacturers and OEMs are becoming more common, facilitating innovation and ensuring that new vehicle models are equipped with advanced tire technologies from the outset.

Aftermarket:

The aftermarket segment is equally significant, as it encompasses tire replacements and upgrades for existing vehicles. The growing trend of vehicle customization and maintenance is driving the demand for high-performance tire reinforcing materials in this channel. Additionally, the increasing awareness of vehicle safety and performance among consumers is prompting them to invest in quality tires that utilize advanced reinforcing materials. As more consumers seek to enhance their driving experience and improve safety, the aftermarket segment is poised for substantial growth, creating opportunities for manufacturers of tire reinforcing materials.

By Material Type

Rubber:

Rubber remains a fundamental component in the tire industry, serving as the primary material for tire construction. The demand for high-quality rubber reinforcing materials is driven by the need for improved durability, flexibility, and resistance to wear and tear. As tire manufacturers increasingly focus on enhancing tire performance across various applications, the rubber segment is expected to witness steady growth. Innovations in rubber technology, including advancements in synthetic rubber formulations, are likely to enhance the performance characteristics of tires, further bolstering the demand for rubber reinforcing materials in the market.

Chemicals:

Chemical additives play a crucial role in tire manufacturing by enhancing the properties of rubber and other materials used in tire construction. The chemicals segment is experiencing growth as manufacturers seek to develop tires that offer improved performance metrics such as grip, durability, and environmental resistance. The rise in demand for sustainable tire solutions is also propelling the use of eco-friendly chemical additives that adhere to environmental regulations. As the tire industry continues to innovate and improve its formulations, the market for chemical reinforcing materials is expected to expand significantly.

Fabrics:

Fabric materials, including polyester and nylon, are essential in tire reinforcement, providing structural integrity and flexibility. The fabrics segment is witnessing growth due to the increasing demand for lightweight tires that do not compromise on strength. Manufacturers are focusing on developing advanced fabric technologies that improve tire performance and fuel efficiency. As consumers prioritize sustainable and high-performance tires, the demand for innovative fabric materials in tire construction is expected to increase, fostering growth in this segment.

Steel Wires:

Steel wires are commonly used in tire reinforcement, particularly for radial tires, due to their high tensile strength and durability. The steel wires segment is anticipated to grow as the demand for heavy-duty and commercial tires rises. Manufacturers are continually innovating to improve the performance of steel wires, focusing on weight reduction and enhanced bonding properties with rubber compounds. As the tire industry evolves, the role of steel wires in providing stability and performance in tires remains critical, positioning this segment for continued growth.

Others:

The "Others" segment includes various alternative materials used in tire reinforcement, such as bio-based materials and composites. This segment is expected to grow as the tire industry explores innovative and sustainable solutions to meet environmental challenges. Research and development efforts are focused on creating new materials that can replace traditional reinforcing components, leading to the potential for lighter-weight tires with improved performance characteristics. As manufacturers adopt new technologies and materials, the "Others" segment is poised for expansion, driven by consumer demand for sustainable and high-performance tires.

By Region

North America is expected to hold a significant share of the tire reinforcing material market, driven by the presence of major automotive manufacturers and a robust aftermarket for tire replacements. The region's focus on technological advancements and the demand for high-performance tires contribute to the market's growth. The North American tire reinforcing material market is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 5.2%, as manufacturers increasingly seek innovative solutions to meet stringent safety and performance standards. Additionally, the growing trend of electric vehicles in North America is likely to drive demand for advanced tire materials, creating further opportunities in the market.

In the Asia Pacific region, the tire reinforcing material market is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate due to the rapid expansion of the automotive industry, particularly in countries like China and India. The increasing urbanization and rising disposable income in these nations are driving the demand for vehicles, subsequently increasing the need for tire reinforcing materials. The Asia Pacific market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 6% during the forecast period, as manufacturers focus on producing durable and fuel-efficient tires to cater to the growing automotive market in this region. Furthermore, the expanding commercial vehicle sector in Asia Pacific is expected to further fuel growth in the tire reinforcing material market.

Opportunities

The tire reinforcing material market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly as manufacturers seek to innovate and develop advanced materials that meet the evolving demands of the automotive industry. One of the prominent opportunities lies in the increasing focus on sustainability and eco-friendly materials. As consumers and regulatory bodies emphasize the importance of environmentally responsible practices, tire manufacturers are exploring the use of bio-based and recyclable materials in tire production. This shift towards sustainable materials not only enhances the market's appeal but also positions manufacturers favorably in the eyes of environmentally conscious consumers. Additionally, advancements in material technology, such as the development of lightweight and high-performance composites, provide further opportunities for manufacturers to differentiate their products and cater to the growing demand for performance-oriented tires.

Another significant opportunity in the tire reinforcing material market stems from the increasing integration of smart technologies in tire design and manufacturing. As the automotive industry moves towards connectivity and automation, incorporating sensors and smart materials in tire production can enhance performance, safety, and efficiency. For instance, tires equipped with monitoring systems can provide real-time data on tire pressure and temperature, facilitating proactive maintenance and improving overall vehicle safety. Manufacturers that embrace these technological advancements and invest in research and development are likely to gain a competitive edge and capitalize on the growing demand for intelligent tire solutions, ultimately driving growth in the tire reinforcing material market.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects in the tire reinforcing material market, several threats could hinder market expansion. One of the primary challenges is the volatility of raw material prices, which can significantly impact manufacturing costs and profit margins. Fluctuations in the prices of materials such as steel, rubber, and chemicals can lead to increased production costs, forcing manufacturers to either absorb the costs or pass them onto consumers, potentially affecting sales. Additionally, geopolitical tensions and trade restrictions can disrupt supply chains and limit access to essential raw materials, further exacerbating the challenges faced by manufacturers in the tire reinforcing material market. As companies strive to maintain competitiveness, navigating these economic uncertainties will be crucial for sustaining growth.

Another major threat to the tire reinforcing material market is the rapid pace of technological advancements. As new materials and tire technologies emerge, there is a risk that traditional reinforcing materials may become obsolete or less relevant. Manufacturers must stay ahead of the curve by continuously innovating and adapting to changing market demands. The inability to keep pace with technological advancements could result in a loss of market share to more agile competitors who are better equipped to meet the evolving needs of consumers. Consequently, companies must prioritize research and development efforts to enhance their product offerings and maintain a competitive edge in this dynamic market.

Competitor Outlook

  • Continental AG
  • Bridgestone Corporation
  • Michelin Group
  • Pirelli & C. S.p.A
  • Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
  • Dunlop Tires
  • Trelleborg AB
  • Hankook Tire
  • Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
  • Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
  • Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
  • Giti Tire
  • Maxxis International
  • General Tire
  • BFGoodrich

The competitive landscape of the tire reinforcing material market is characterized by a mix of established global players and emerging companies that are focused on innovation and sustainability. Major companies like Continental AG and Bridgestone Corporation dominate the market share due to their extensive product offerings and strong brand reputation. These companies invest significantly in research and development to create advanced tire technologies that enhance performance and safety. Moreover, they focus on building strategic partnerships with OEMs and suppliers to ensure a steady supply of high-quality reinforcing materials, positioning themselves favorably in the market. As competition intensifies, these leading manufacturers are also adopting proactive marketing strategies to cater to the growing demand for premium tire solutions.

Emerging players in the tire reinforcing material market are focusing on niche segments and sustainability to differentiate themselves from larger competitors. Many of these companies are exploring innovative materials like bio-based fibers and composites to create environmentally friendly tire solutions. By prioritizing sustainability, these emerging firms are able to tap into the growing consumer demand for eco-conscious products and establish a loyal customer base. Additionally, advancements in manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing and automation, are enabling these companies to streamline production and offer customized tire solutions, enhancing their competitive position in the market.

Key players in the tire reinforcing material market, such as Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and Pirelli & C. S.p.A, are also looking to expand their market reach through strategic acquisitions and geographical diversification. These companies seek to enter emerging markets where automotive production is on the rise, thereby increasing their sales potential and market share. Furthermore, by investing in innovative research and development initiatives, these companies aim to create cutting-edge tire solutions that cater to the specific needs of various applications, ensuring they remain competitive in an ever-evolving industry landscape.

  • 1 Appendix
    • 1.1 List of Tables
    • 1.2 List of Figures
  • 2 Introduction
    • 2.1 Market Definition
    • 2.2 Scope of the Report
    • 2.3 Study Assumptions
    • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods
  • 3 Market Dynamics
    • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
    • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
    • 3.3 Innovation Trends
    • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
  • 4 Consumer Behavior
    • 4.1 Market Trends
    • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
    • 4.3 Buyer Insights
  • 5 Key Player Profiles
    • 5.1 Giti Tire
      • 5.1.1 Business Overview
      • 5.1.2 Products & Services
      • 5.1.3 Financials
      • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.2 BFGoodrich
      • 5.2.1 Business Overview
      • 5.2.2 Products & Services
      • 5.2.3 Financials
      • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.3 Dunlop Tires
      • 5.3.1 Business Overview
      • 5.3.2 Products & Services
      • 5.3.3 Financials
      • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.4 General Tire
      • 5.4.1 Business Overview
      • 5.4.2 Products & Services
      • 5.4.3 Financials
      • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.5 Hankook Tire
      • 5.5.1 Business Overview
      • 5.5.2 Products & Services
      • 5.5.3 Financials
      • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.6 Trelleborg AB
      • 5.6.1 Business Overview
      • 5.6.2 Products & Services
      • 5.6.3 Financials
      • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.7 Continental AG
      • 5.7.1 Business Overview
      • 5.7.2 Products & Services
      • 5.7.3 Financials
      • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.8 Michelin Group
      • 5.8.1 Business Overview
      • 5.8.2 Products & Services
      • 5.8.3 Financials
      • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.9 Pirelli & C. S.p.A
      • 5.9.1 Business Overview
      • 5.9.2 Products & Services
      • 5.9.3 Financials
      • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.10 Maxxis International
      • 5.10.1 Business Overview
      • 5.10.2 Products & Services
      • 5.10.3 Financials
      • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.11 Bridgestone Corporation
      • 5.11.1 Business Overview
      • 5.11.2 Products & Services
      • 5.11.3 Financials
      • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.12 Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
      • 5.12.1 Business Overview
      • 5.12.2 Products & Services
      • 5.12.3 Financials
      • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.13 Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
      • 5.13.1 Business Overview
      • 5.13.2 Products & Services
      • 5.13.3 Financials
      • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.14 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
      • 5.14.1 Business Overview
      • 5.14.2 Products & Services
      • 5.14.3 Financials
      • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 5.15 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
      • 5.15.1 Business Overview
      • 5.15.2 Products & Services
      • 5.15.3 Financials
      • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
      • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 6 Market Segmentation
    • 6.1 Tire Reinforcing Material Market, By Application
      • 6.1.1 Passenger Cars
      • 6.1.2 Commercial Vehicles
      • 6.1.3 Two-wheelers
      • 6.1.4 Off-road Vehicles
      • 6.1.5 Others
    • 6.2 Tire Reinforcing Material Market, By Product Type
      • 6.2.1 Steel Cord
      • 6.2.2 Polyester Cord
      • 6.2.3 Nylon Cord
      • 6.2.4 Rayon Cord
      • 6.2.5 Aramid Cord
    • 6.3 Tire Reinforcing Material Market, By Material Type
      • 6.3.1 Rubber
      • 6.3.2 Chemicals
      • 6.3.3 Fabrics
      • 6.3.4 Steel Wires
      • 6.3.5 Others
  • 7 Competitive Analysis
    • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
    • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
    • 7.3 Investment Trends
    • 7.4 SWOT Analysis
  • 8 Research Methodology
    • 8.1 Analysis Design
    • 8.2 Research Phases
    • 8.3 Study Timeline
  • 9 Future Market Outlook
    • 9.1 Growth Forecast
    • 9.2 Market Evolution
  • 10 Geographical Overview
    • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
      • 10.1.1 By Country
        • 10.1.1.1 UK
        • 10.1.1.2 France
        • 10.1.1.3 Germany
        • 10.1.1.4 Spain
        • 10.1.1.5 Italy
    • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
      • 10.2.1 By Country
        • 10.2.1.1 India
        • 10.2.1.2 China
        • 10.2.1.3 Japan
        • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
    • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
      • 10.3.1 By Country
        • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
        • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
        • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
    • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
      • 10.4.1 By Country
        • 10.4.1.1 USA
        • 10.4.1.2 Canada
    • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
      • 10.5.1 By Country
        • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
        • 10.5.1.2 Africa
    • 10.6 Tire Reinforcing Material Market by Region
  • 11 Global Economic Factors
    • 11.1 Inflation Impact
    • 11.2 Trade Policies
  • 12 Technology & Innovation
    • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
    • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
    • 12.3 Patent Research
  • 13 Investment & Market Growth
    • 13.1 Funding Trends
    • 13.2 Future Market Projections
  • 14 Market Overview & Key Insights
    • 14.1 Executive Summary
    • 14.2 Key Trends
    • 14.3 Market Challenges
    • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape
Segments Analyzed in the Report
The global Tire Reinforcing Material market is categorized based on
By Product Type
  • Steel Cord
  • Polyester Cord
  • Nylon Cord
  • Rayon Cord
  • Aramid Cord
By Application
  • Passenger Cars
  • Commercial Vehicles
  • Two-wheelers
  • Off-road Vehicles
  • Others
By Material Type
  • Rubber
  • Chemicals
  • Fabrics
  • Steel Wires
  • Others
By Region
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Latin America
  • Middle East & Africa
Key Players
  • Continental AG
  • Bridgestone Corporation
  • Michelin Group
  • Pirelli & C. S.p.A
  • Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
  • Dunlop Tires
  • Trelleborg AB
  • Hankook Tire
  • Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
  • Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
  • Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
  • Giti Tire
  • Maxxis International
  • General Tire
  • BFGoodrich
  • Publish Date : Jan 20 ,2025
  • Report ID : CH-14537
  • No. Of Pages : 100
  • Format : |
  • Ratings : 4.5 (110 Reviews)
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