Thermosetting Powder Coating

Thermosetting Powder Coating Market Outlook

The global thermosetting powder coating market is poised to reach USD 18 billion by 2035, growing at a robust CAGR of around 6% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This significant growth is attributed to the increasing demand for eco-friendly coating solutions across various industries. The enhanced durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal of thermosetting powder coatings are driving their adoption in sectors such as automotive, appliances, and furniture. Moreover, the rising focus on sustainability and energy efficiency in manufacturing processes is contributing to the growth of the thermosetting powder coating market. As industries strive to comply with stringent environmental regulations, the shift from liquid coatings to thermosetting powder alternatives is becoming more pronounced. The expanding end-user segments coupled with the advancements in powder coating technologies are expected to contribute significantly to market growth.

Growth Factor of the Market

The thermosetting powder coating market is experiencing substantial growth driven by multiple factors. Firstly, the increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability is pushing manufacturers to adopt eco-friendly coating alternatives, such as thermosetting powders, which are free from solvents and volatile organic compounds. Secondly, the automotive industry is witnessing a surge in demand for powder coatings due to their superior finish and durability, which enhances the longevity of vehicles. Additionally, the expanding construction and architectural sectors are opting for powder coatings for their aesthetic appearance and resistance to harsh weather conditions. Furthermore, advancements in technology and production techniques are leading to the development of more efficient and versatile thermosetting powder coatings, thereby expanding their application range. Lastly, the growing consumer preferences for aesthetically pleasing products are also propelling the market growth, as powder coatings provide an array of colors and finishes that cater to diverse customer needs.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global thermosetting powder coating market is expected to grow significantly, reaching USD 18 billion by 2035.
• The market is experiencing a CAGR of around 6% from 2025 to 2035, driven by increasing industrial applications.
• Eco-friendly and sustainable coatings are becoming a major trend, influencing purchasing decisions across various sectors.
• Technological advancements are playing a crucial role in developing new formulations and enhancing the performance of thermosetting powders.
• The automotive and construction industries are the primary drivers of demand for thermosetting powder coatings.

By Product Type

Epoxy:

Epoxy powder coatings are highly regarded for their excellent adhesion, chemical resistance, and durability, making them ideal for industrial applications. They are particularly effective in protecting metal surfaces from corrosion and degradation. Due to their robust properties, epoxy powder coatings find extensive use in industries such as appliances and automotive, where long-lasting performance is critical. The increasing demand for high-performance coatings in industrial settings is likely to drive the growth of epoxy powder coatings significantly in the coming years. However, they are less UV resistant compared to other types, which can limit their application in outdoor environments.

Polyester:

Polyester powder coatings are known for their excellent color retention, gloss, and weather resistance, making them suitable for outdoor applications. They are widely used in the architectural sector for coating metal surfaces exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The popularity of polyester powder coatings is growing due to their versatility and ability to provide a durable finish in various colors and textures. Moreover, advancements in polyester formulations are enhancing their performance and expanding their applications in industries such as automotive and furniture. As demand for aesthetically appealing and long-lasting coatings increases, polyester powder coatings are expected to continue their upward trajectory in the market.

Polyurethane:

Polyurethane powder coatings are recognized for their outstanding flexibility, durability, and resistance to chemicals and abrasion. These properties make them ideal for applications in the automotive and furniture sectors, where a combination of durability and aesthetic appeal is required. The market for polyurethane powder coatings is projected to grow as manufacturers increasingly recognize the advantages of using these coatings in high-performance applications. Moreover, the trend towards lightweight materials in the automotive industry is likely to create additional opportunities for polyurethane powder coatings, enhancing their demand in the coming years.

Acrylic:

Acrylic powder coatings are valued for their high gloss finish and excellent color stability, making them popular in decorative applications. Their ability to provide a smooth and attractive finish is particularly appealing in the furniture and consumer goods sectors. As the demand for visually appealing products grows, acrylic powder coatings are expected to see increased adoption. Furthermore, the advancements in acrylic formulations, which enhance their performance and reduce curing times, are likely to further stimulate their growth in the market. These coatings are also versatile enough to be used in both indoor and outdoor applications, contributing to their expanding market share.

Hybrid:

Hybrid powder coatings combine the properties of both epoxy and polyester, offering a balance of performance and aesthetics. Their versatility makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including appliances, automotive, and general industries. As industries seek to optimize performance while maintaining cost-effectiveness, hybrid powder coatings are becoming increasingly popular. They provide excellent durability, weather resistance, and color retention, which are essential for various applications. The growing demand for multipurpose coatings that can perform well across different environments is expected to drive the growth of the hybrid powder coating segment.

By Application

Appliances:

The appliances sector is a significant application area for thermosetting powder coatings, offering protective and decorative finishes to household appliances. These coatings enhance the aesthetic appeal of products while providing resistance to scratches, stains, and corrosion. The growing demand for energy-efficient and durable appliances is driving manufacturers to adopt powder coatings, as they are more environmentally friendly compared to traditional liquid coatings. Additionally, advancements in powder coating technology have led to the development of specialized formulations that meet the specific needs of appliance manufacturers, further boosting the segment's growth.

Automotive:

The automotive industry is one of the largest consumers of thermosetting powder coatings, utilizing them for both functional and decorative purposes. These coatings provide excellent durability, corrosion resistance, and surface finish, which are essential for vehicles' exterior and interior components. The ongoing trend towards lightweight vehicles and sustainable practices is propelling the growth of powder coatings in this sector. As automakers prioritize performance and environmental compliance, the demand for thermosetting powder coatings is expected to increase significantly, driven by innovations in application techniques and formulation developments.

Architectural:

In the architectural sector, thermosetting powder coatings are widely used for protecting and enhancing the appearance of metal structures and facades. Their excellent weather resistance and aesthetic qualities make them ideal for outdoor applications, where exposure to the elements is a concern. With the increasing focus on sustainable construction practices and green building certifications, the demand for environmentally friendly coating solutions is rising. Thermosetting powder coatings meet these requirements, thus fueling their adoption in architectural projects. Furthermore, the aesthetic versatility of these coatings allows for a diverse range of finishes, contributing to their popularity in the market.

Furniture:

The furniture industry is another key application area for thermosetting powder coatings, providing a durable and attractive finish to various types of furniture. These coatings enhance the visual appeal while ensuring resistance to scratches, stains, and wear, making them ideal for both residential and commercial furniture. As consumers increasingly seek stylish and long-lasting furniture solutions, the adoption of thermosetting powder coatings is rising. Moreover, advancements in technology have led to the development of powder coatings with customizable colors and textures, further driving their popularity in the furniture sector.

General Industries:

General industries encompass a wide range of applications for thermosetting powder coatings, including machinery, equipment, and other industrial products. These coatings provide essential protective properties against corrosion, chemicals, and physical wear, contributing to the longevity of industrial assets. The increasing focus on operational efficiency and risk reduction is propelling the demand for high-performance coatings across various industrial sectors. Additionally, the transition towards sustainable manufacturing practices is encouraging more industries to opt for thermosetting powder coatings, which are environmentally friendly and offer excellent performance characteristics.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales are a prominent distribution channel for thermosetting powder coatings, allowing manufacturers to maintain direct relationships with their customers. This approach enables manufacturers to offer tailored solutions and technical support, which is particularly beneficial in industries requiring customized coatings. Additionally, direct sales facilitate a better understanding of customer needs and preferences, thus enhancing product development and service delivery. As the demand for specialized coatings continues to grow, the direct sales channel is expected to remain a critical component of the thermosetting powder coating market.

Distributors:

Distributors play a vital role in the thermosetting powder coating market by bridging the gap between manufacturers and end-users. They provide valuable services, including inventory management, logistical support, and technical assistance, which are essential for ensuring timely delivery and customer satisfaction. The extensive reach of distributors allows manufacturers to penetrate various regional markets effectively and cater to diverse customer needs. As the market continues to evolve, distributors are expected to adapt by offering innovative solutions and expanding their product portfolios to include the latest advancements in powder coating technology.

Online Retailers:

The rise of e-commerce has significantly impacted the distribution of thermosetting powder coatings, with online retailers gaining prominence in the market. This channel provides convenience and accessibility for customers, allowing them to compare products, read reviews, and make informed purchasing decisions from the comfort of their homes. As more consumers and businesses turn to online platforms for procurement, the market for online retailing of thermosetting powder coatings is projected to grow. Additionally, online retailers often provide a broader selection of products and competitive pricing, further enhancing their appeal to customers.

Wholesalers:

Wholesalers serve as a crucial distribution channel for thermosetting powder coatings by purchasing products in bulk from manufacturers and selling them to retailers or other businesses. This model allows for significant cost savings and efficient inventory management, making it an attractive option for smaller businesses and startups. The wholesaler channel also enhances market reach, enabling manufacturers to distribute their products to a wider audience. As the demand for thermosetting powder coatings continues to rise across various industries, wholesalers are expected to play an increasingly important role in ensuring product availability and distribution efficiency.

Retail Stores:

Retail stores remain a fundamental distribution channel for thermosetting powder coatings, particularly for small-scale consumers and DIY enthusiasts. These physical outlets allow customers to see products in person, facilitating better purchasing decisions based on quality and color selection. Retail stores often provide a limited range of products compared to online channels but offer valuable in-person consultation and support. As consumer preferences evolve and the DIY trend continues to gain traction, retail stores are likely to adapt their offerings to meet changing market demands, ensuring their continued relevance in the thermosetting powder coating market.

By Ingredient Type

Resins:

Resins are a key ingredient in thermosetting powder coatings, providing the essential binding properties and contributing to the overall performance of the coating. In particular, epoxy, polyester, and polyurethane resins are the most commonly used types, each offering distinct characteristics that cater to various application needs. The growing demand for high-performance coatings in industries such as automotive and construction is driving the need for advanced resin formulations that enhance durability, chemical resistance, and adhesion. As manufacturers continue to innovate and develop new resin types, the market for resins in thermosetting powder coatings is projected to expand significantly.

Pigments:

Pigments play a crucial role in thermosetting powder coatings by providing color and opacity. They are essential for achieving the desired aesthetic qualities while ensuring that the coating meets performance standards. The increasing consumer demand for customized colors and finishes is driving the growth of the pigments segment within the thermosetting powder coating market. Additionally, advancements in pigment technology are enabling manufacturers to develop coatings with improved color stability and environmental resistance. As a result, the demand for high-quality pigments is expected to rise along with the growing popularity of thermosetting powder coatings.

Fillers:

Fillers are utilized in thermosetting powder coatings to enhance specific properties such as thickness, texture, and durability. They can improve the overall performance of the coating by providing added strength and reducing production costs. The growing trend towards lightweight materials in various industries is creating opportunities for the use of innovative filler materials in powder coatings. As manufacturers explore new formulations and applications, the demand for fillers in thermosetting powder coatings is expected to grow, driven by the need for improved product characteristics and cost-effectiveness.

Additives:

Additives are incorporated into thermosetting powder coatings to optimize performance, improve processing, and enhance specific properties such as flow, curing, and stability. The increasing complexity of coating applications and the demand for high-performance solutions are driving the adoption of various additives. As manufacturers seek to develop coatings that meet stringent industry standards, the need for advanced additives will continue to rise. The market for additives in thermosetting powder coatings is expected to experience growth as new formulations are developed to address emerging challenges in the industry.

Curing Agents:

Curing agents play a vital role in thermosetting powder coatings by facilitating the cross-linking process during the curing phase, which enhances the final properties of the coating. The growing focus on efficiency and performance in manufacturing is driving the demand for advanced curing agents that optimize the curing process. As industry standards evolve and the need for faster curing times increases, manufacturers are expected to invest in developing innovative curing agents that meet these requirements. Consequently, the market for curing agents in thermosetting powder coatings is projected to expand alongside the growth of the overall coatings market.

By Region

The North American thermosetting powder coating market is poised for significant growth, with a projected valuation of approximately USD 5 billion by 2035. The increasing focus on sustainability, along with stringent environmental regulations, is driving the demand for eco-friendly powder coatings in this region. The automotive and construction industries are major contributors to this growth, as they increasingly adopt thermosetting powder coatings for their durability and aesthetic appeal. The region is expected to witness a CAGR of around 5.5%, fueled by technological advancements and innovations in powder coating formulations.

In Europe, the thermosetting powder coating market is anticipated to reach USD 6 billion by 2035, with a robust CAGR of 7% during the forecast period. The European market is characterized by a strong emphasis on sustainability and high-performance coatings. The architectural sector, in particular, is driving demand for thermosetting powder coatings due to the increasing preference for durable and visually appealing finishes. Additionally, the region's commitment to reducing carbon emissions and promoting eco-friendly practices is further boosting the adoption of thermosetting powder coatings across various industries.

Opportunities

The thermosetting powder coating market offers numerous opportunities for growth and innovation. One significant opportunity lies in the increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly coating solutions. As industries worldwide strive to minimize their environmental impact, the shift towards thermosetting powder coatings, which are free from solvents and volatile organic compounds, is becoming more pronounced. This trend presents manufacturers with the chance to develop new formulations and technologies that cater to environmentally conscious consumers and businesses. Additionally, collaborations with other industries, such as automotive and construction, can lead to innovative applications and expanded market reach, providing further growth avenues for the thermosetting powder coating sector.

Another opportunity for the thermosetting powder coating market is the ongoing advancements in technology and application methods. The development of innovative powder coating formulations that offer enhanced performance characteristics, such as improved UV resistance, faster curing times, and better adhesion, can significantly increase the appeal of these coatings across various sectors. Moreover, the integration of automation and digitalization in the powder coating process can enhance efficiency and reduce production costs, enabling manufacturers to compete more effectively in the market. By leveraging these technological advancements, companies can position themselves as leaders in the thermosetting powder coating industry and tap into emerging markets, further driving growth.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects, the thermosetting powder coating market faces several threats that could hinder its progress. One notable challenge is the intense competition among manufacturers, which can lead to price wars and reduced profit margins. As numerous players enter the market, differentiation becomes increasingly difficult, making it essential for companies to innovate and offer unique value propositions to maintain their market share. Additionally, fluctuations in raw material prices may impact production costs and profitability, creating further challenges for manufacturers as they strive to remain competitive while delivering high-quality products.

Another significant threat to the thermosetting powder coating market is the potential for changes in regulatory policies and standards. As governments worldwide implement stricter environmental regulations, manufacturers may face increased compliance costs and operational challenges. Adapting to new regulations can be resource-intensive, particularly for small- and medium-sized enterprises that may lack the necessary infrastructure. Furthermore, any abrupt changes in regulations could disrupt supply chains and impact product availability, making it crucial for manufacturers to stay informed and agile in their operations.

Competitor Outlook

• AkzoNobel N.V.
• PPG Industries, Inc.
• Valspar Corporation
• BASF SE
• Sherwin-Williams Company
• DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
• Eastman Chemical Company
• Axalta Coating Systems Ltd.
• RPM International Inc.
• Hempel A/S
• Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
• Ferro Corporation
• Jotun A/S
• Alpina Group
• Thompson Paints

The competitive landscape of the thermosetting powder coating market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies striving to gain market share. Major companies like AkzoNobel, PPG Industries, and BASF dominate the market with their extensive product portfolios, strong distribution networks, and significant R&D investments. These companies are actively engaging in strategic partnerships, collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions to enhance their product offerings and expand their market presence. Moreover, they are continuously investing in innovation to develop advanced formulations that cater to the evolving needs of various industries, thereby maintaining their competitive edge in the thermosetting powder coating market.

In addition to large multinationals, several niche players are emerging in the thermosetting powder coating market, focusing on specific applications and geographical regions. These companies often differentiate themselves through specialized products, tailored services, and innovative solutions that address the unique requirements of their target markets. As competition intensifies, these players are leveraging technology and customer-centric approaches to establish a foothold in the industry. Furthermore, the trend towards sustainable practices is prompting many companies, both large and small, to invest in eco-friendly powder coatings, creating new opportunities for growth and differentiation in the market.

Key companies such as Sherwin-Williams, Valspar, and Axalta are also making strides in the thermosetting powder coating market by leveraging their expertise in coatings and expanding their product lines. These companies are focused on research and development to create high-performance thermosetting powders that offer enhanced durability, aesthetic appeal, and environmental compliance. Moreover, they are expanding their production capacities and exploring new markets to capitalize on the growing demand for powder coatings in various industries. By staying ahead of market trends and responding to customer needs, these leading companies are positioned to thrive in the dynamic thermosetting powder coating landscape.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 BASF SE
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Jotun A/S
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Hempel A/S
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Alpina Group
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 AkzoNobel N.V.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Thompson Paints
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Ferro Corporation
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Valspar Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 PPG Industries, Inc.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 RPM International Inc.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Eastman Chemical Company
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Sherwin-Williams Company
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Axalta Coating Systems Ltd.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Thermosetting Powder Coating Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Appliances
    • 6.1.2 Automotive
    • 6.1.3 Architectural
    • 6.1.4 Furniture
    • 6.1.5 General Industries
  • 6.2 Thermosetting Powder Coating Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Epoxy
    • 6.2.2 Polyester
    • 6.2.3 Polyurethane
    • 6.2.4 Acrylic
    • 6.2.5 Hybrid
  • 6.3 Thermosetting Powder Coating Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Resins
    • 6.3.2 Pigments
    • 6.3.3 Fillers
    • 6.3.4 Additives
    • 6.3.5 Curing Agents
  • 6.4 Thermosetting Powder Coating Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributors
    • 6.4.3 Online Retailers
    • 6.4.4 Wholesalers
    • 6.4.5 Retail Stores

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Thermosetting Powder Coating Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Thermosetting Powder Coating market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Epoxy
• Polyester
• Polyurethane
• Acrylic
• Hybrid

By Application

• Appliances
• Automotive
• Architectural
• Furniture
• General Industries

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Retailers
• Wholesalers
• Retail Stores

By Ingredient Type

• Resins
• Pigments
• Fillers
• Additives
• Curing Agents

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• AkzoNobel N.V.
• PPG Industries, Inc.
• Valspar Corporation
• BASF SE
• Sherwin-Williams Company
• DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
• Eastman Chemical Company
• Axalta Coating Systems Ltd.
• RPM International Inc.
• Hempel A/S
• Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
• Ferro Corporation
• Jotun A/S
• Alpina Group
• Thompson Paints