Steel Cord

Steel Cord Market Outlook

The global steel cord market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 6.7% from 2025 to 2035. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for durable and efficient materials in tire manufacturing, particularly as automotive industries evolve towards higher performance standards and sustainability practices. Furthermore, the expansion of the automotive and industrial sectors, coupled with a growing emphasis on safety and durability in tire products, is driving the demand for high-quality steel cords. The rise of electric vehicles, which require advanced tire technologies, is also expected to enhance market growth. Additionally, the increasing focus on enhancing the lifespan and performance of tires has led manufacturers to invest in research and development activities aimed at improving the properties of steel cords, thereby creating a robust market environment.

Growth Factor of the Market

The steel cord market is experiencing significant growth driven by several key factors. Firstly, the booming automotive industry, especially in emerging economies, is propelling the demand for tires, and thus, steel cords, which are crucial for tire reinforcement. Secondly, the trend towards higher performance tires, which demand advanced materials for increased durability and safety, is expected to further boost market growth. Thirdly, the growing industrial applications of steel cords, particularly in conveyor belts and hoses, are expanding the market's reach beyond just tire manufacturing. Additionally, manufacturers are increasingly focusing on innovations and advancements in steel cord technology, leading to enhanced performance characteristics that meet stringent industry standards. Lastly, the rising awareness regarding sustainability and eco-friendly materials is encouraging manufacturers to explore new materials and production processes, which is likely to create new opportunities within the steel cord market.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The increasing demand for tires in the automotive sector is a primary driver of the steel cord market.
• Technological advancements in the production of steel cords are enhancing product performance and durability.
• The shift toward electric vehicles is creating new opportunities for steel cord applications.
• Rising industrial applications for steel cords are expanding market possibilities beyond tires.
• Emphasis on sustainability is encouraging innovation in material types used in steel cord manufacturing.

By Product Type

Bead Wire:

Bead wire is critical in tire manufacturing, serving as the anchor that holds the tire to the rim. The increasing production of passenger and commercial vehicles is driving the demand for bead wire, as it ensures that tires maintain their shape and performance under pressure. Manufacturers are focusing on improving the tensile strength and flexibility of bead wire to enhance the overall performance of tires. Additionally, the growing trend towards lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles is prompting the development of advanced bead wire technologies that can contribute to reduced vehicle weight while ensuring safety and durability. The bead wire segment is expected to witness substantial growth as automotive production continues to escalate, particularly in emerging markets where vehicle ownership rates are on the rise.

Hose Wire:

Hose wire is extensively used in industrial applications, especially in the manufacturing of hydraulic and pneumatic hoses. The rising demand for machinery and equipment across various industries such as construction, agriculture, and manufacturing is driving the growth of the hose wire segment. As industries evolve and equipment becomes more sophisticated, the need for high-strength hose wires that can withstand extreme conditions and pressures is paramount. Manufacturers are innovating to develop hose wires with enhanced properties, such as corrosion resistance and flexibility, which are crucial for optimal performance in demanding environments. With the expansion of industrial infrastructure, particularly in developing countries, the hose wire segment is poised for significant growth in the coming years.

Tire Cord:

Tire cord is a fundamental component in tire construction, providing the necessary strength and stability required for performance and safety. The increasing production of tires, driven by rising vehicle sales and a growing emphasis on tire longevity, is propelling the demand for tire cord. Manufacturers are investing in advanced technologies to create tire cords that offer superior tensile strength, reduced weight, and enhanced flexibility. The shift towards high-performance tires, which are designed for better fuel efficiency and greater durability, is also expected to boost the tire cord market. Additionally, with the rise in electric vehicles, which require advanced tire technologies, the demand for innovative tire cords is expected to increase significantly.

Conveyor Belt Cord:

Conveyor belt cord is used to reinforce conveyor belts, which are critical in various industries, including mining, manufacturing, and logistics. The need for efficient material handling solutions in these sectors is driving the demand for high-quality conveyor belt cords. Manufacturers are focusing on producing cords that offer strength and durability while minimizing weight, which enhances the overall efficiency of conveyor systems. The growth of automated material handling systems and the expansion of logistics networks are creating additional opportunities for the conveyor belt cord segment. Moreover, as industries seek to optimize conveyor systems to reduce downtime and maintenance costs, the demand for advanced conveyor belt cords is expected to rise.

Others:

Other product types in the steel cord market include various specialized cords that cater to niche applications. These may involve specific requirements in industrial, automotive, and construction sectors where traditional cord types may not suffice. The growth in niche markets is driven by the need for customized solutions that address unique challenges faced by different applications. Manufacturers are capitalizing on this opportunity by developing tailored steel cords that offer specialized properties such as enhanced corrosion resistance, specific tensile strengths, or unique flexibility characteristics. As industries continue to diversify and specialize, the demand for these alternative steel cord products is anticipated to grow significantly.

By Application

Tire Manufacturing:

Tire manufacturing is the largest application segment for steel cords, driven by the increasing production of vehicles globally. Steel cords enhance the performance, safety, and longevity of tires, making them indispensable in this application. As automotive technology advances, the demand for high-performing tires that can withstand the rigors of modern driving conditions is on the rise. Manufacturers are focusing on developing innovative tire designs that incorporate advanced steel cord materials, which not only improve performance but also contribute to fuel efficiency. The continuous growth in the automotive sector, especially in emerging markets, is expected to sustain robust demand for steel cords used in tire manufacturing.

Industrial Hoses:

Industrial hoses are essential in various industries for transporting fluids and gases under pressure. The increasing need for efficient and durable hoses is driving the demand for steel cords in this application. Manufacturers are focusing on creating hoses that can withstand extreme temperatures and pressures while maintaining flexibility, which is where steel cords play a crucial role. The expansion of industries such as oil and gas, construction, and agriculture is further boosting the industrial hose market. As the demand for robust and reliable hoses continues to grow, the application of steel cords in hose manufacturing will experience significant growth.

Reinforcement Materials:

Steel cords are widely used as reinforcement materials in various applications beyond tires and hoses, including construction and industrial products. The demand for high-strength reinforcement materials is increasing due to the emphasis on safety and performance in construction projects and industrial applications. Manufacturers are exploring innovative uses of steel cords in concrete reinforcement, composite materials, and other applications that require increased durability and strength. As infrastructure development accelerates globally, the need for advanced reinforcement materials is expected to drive the growth of steel cords in this application segment.

Automotive Parts:

The automotive parts application segment is witnessing robust growth as steel cords are being used in various components requiring high strength and durability. Applications range from suspension systems to engine components, where steel cords contribute to improved performance and reliability. As vehicles become more complex and performance-oriented, the demand for high-quality steel cords in automotive manufacturing is on the rise. Additionally, the increasing trend of lightweight automotive components is pushing manufacturers to innovate and develop steel cords that provide the necessary strength while minimizing weight. This segment is expected to continue growing as advancements in automotive technology progress.

Others:

This category includes various applications where steel cords are used in specialized or niche products that do not fall under the primary segments. Examples may include use in sporting goods, specialized machinery, and other unique products that require the specific attributes of steel cords. The growth in this segment is driven by the ongoing innovation across industries and the need for customized solutions that meet specific performance criteria. As manufacturers continue to explore new applications for steel cords, this segment is likely to experience growth as more industries recognize the benefits provided by steel cords in enhancing product performance and durability.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales play a crucial role in the distribution of steel cords, allowing manufacturers to engage directly with large customers such as tire manufacturers and industrial companies. This channel typically offers benefits such as customized solutions and tailored pricing, which can enhance customer relationships and loyalty. Direct sales also allow manufacturers to better understand the specific needs and challenges of their clients, leading to improved product offerings. As the demand for specialized steel cord products increases, the direct sales approach is expected to grow in importance, especially for companies that prioritize customer service and customization.

Distributors:

The distributor channel is vital for reaching a broader customer base and providing quick access to a wide range of steel cord products. Distributors often manage inventory and logistics, allowing manufacturers to focus on production without being burdened by the complexities of distribution. This channel is particularly beneficial for small to medium-sized enterprises that may not have the resources to maintain extensive distribution networks. Additionally, distributors often have established relationships with various end-users, which can facilitate market penetration and customer acquisition. As the steel cord market expands, the distributor channel is expected to remain a significant avenue for product sales.

Online Retailers:

Online retailers are becoming increasingly important in the steel cord market, offering convenience and accessibility to customers seeking steel cord products. The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way businesses operate, with many customers preferring to research and purchase materials online. This distribution channel allows manufacturers to reach customers beyond traditional geographical limitations and provides a platform for showcasing a diverse range of products. Furthermore, online retailers often offer competitive pricing and promotions, attracting cost-conscious buyers. As digital transformation continues to shape the retail landscape, the online retailer channel is expected to grow, driven by the increasing trend of online purchasing.

Tire Manufacturers:

Tire manufacturers represent a direct channel in the distribution of steel cords, as these components are essential in tire construction. This channel typically involves long-term contracts and partnerships between steel cord manufacturers and tire producers, ensuring a consistent supply of raw materials. The close relationship between these two industries fosters collaboration in product development, allowing tire manufacturers to specify their requirements for steel cord characteristics. As tire production increases worldwide, particularly in emerging markets, the partnership between steel cord manufacturers and tire producers will become even more critical, further driving growth in this distribution channel.

Others:

The "Others" category includes various alternative distribution methods that may not fit into the traditional channels mentioned above. This could involve niche suppliers, specialty retailers, or emerging platforms that focus on specific industrial applications or product types. As industries continue to evolve and diversify, the demand for unique distribution solutions will likely grow. Manufacturers that are open to exploring unconventional distribution methods may find opportunities to reach new customer segments and enhance their market position. Innovation in distribution strategies can also provide a competitive edge as companies seek to adapt to changing market dynamics.

By Material Type

Carbon Steel:

Carbon steel is the most commonly used material for steel cords due to its excellent tensile strength and cost-effectiveness. The demand for carbon steel cords is primarily driven by the tire manufacturing sector, where the performance and durability of tires are essential. Carbon steel cords provide the necessary reinforcement that enhances the overall structure of tires, enabling them to withstand various driving conditions. As manufacturers seek to improve tire performance and reduce costs, the use of carbon steel in steel cords will likely continue to dominate the market. This segment is expected to witness steady growth as the automotive industry expands, particularly in developing regions.

Stainless Steel:

Stainless steel cords are gaining popularity due to their superior corrosion resistance and durability properties. This material type is particularly valuable in applications where exposure to harsh environments is a concern, such as in industrial hoses and conveyor belts. The increasing need for reliable and long-lasting products in industries like construction and manufacturing is driving the demand for stainless steel cords. Manufacturers are focusing on developing stainless steel cords that offer enhanced strength and flexibility, catering to the specific requirements of various applications. As the emphasis on quality and durability rises, the stainless steel segment is expected to grow significantly.

Galvanized Steel:

Galvanized steel is another material type used in the production of steel cords, providing additional protection against corrosion. The galvanization process involves coating the steel with a layer of zinc, which enhances its longevity, particularly in harsh environments. The demand for galvanized steel cords is increasing in sectors such as mining, construction, and agriculture, where exposure to moisture and chemicals is prevalent. Manufacturers are leveraging the benefits of galvanized steel to produce cords that maintain performance and durability over time. This trend is expected to drive growth in the galvanized steel segment, as industries prioritize the long-term reliability of their products.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses various alternative materials that may be used in specialized steel cord applications. This can include composite materials or specialized alloys designed to meet the unique demands of certain industries. The growth of this segment is often driven by innovation and the need for customized solutions that address specific performance criteria. As manufacturers continue to explore new materials and technologies, the demand for alternative steel cord materials is expected to rise, particularly in niche markets where traditional materials may not meet the stringent requirements.

By Region

The steel cord market is geographically diversified, with significant activity in regions such as Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. The Asia Pacific region holds the largest market share, accounting for approximately 40% of the global steel cord market in 2023. This is largely due to the booming automotive industry in countries like China and India, where vehicle production is on the rise, driving demand for tires and therefore steel cords. Additionally, the region has a robust industrial base, contributing to the demand for steel cords in various applications such as industrial hoses and conveyor belts. The CAGR for the Asia Pacific region is projected to be around 7.2%, indicating strong growth potential in the coming years as infrastructure development continues and manufacturing activities expand.

North America and Europe also represent significant markets for steel cords, collectively accounting for approximately 40% of the global share. The North American market is characterized by a mature automotive industry, with a strong emphasis on high-performance tires, while Europe is witnessing growth from stringent regulations around tire performance and safety. The North American market is expected to grow at a CAGR of about 5.0%, driven by advancements in automotive technology and increasing demand for electric vehicles. Meanwhile, the European market is anticipated to see a CAGR of around 4.5%, fueled by the ongoing transition towards sustainability and eco-friendly practices within the automotive and manufacturing sectors. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, though smaller in market share, are also expected to grow steadily, supported by increasing industrialization and infrastructure development.

Opportunities

The steel cord market is ripe with opportunities, particularly as the global automotive industry continues to evolve. The rapid growth in electric vehicle (EV) production presents a significant opportunity for steel cord manufacturers. As EVs require high-performance tires that can handle increased weight and unique driving patterns, there is a growing need for advanced steel cord technologies that can enhance the performance and efficiency of these tires. Manufacturers that invest in research and development to create specialized steel cords tailored for EV applications can establish themselves as leaders in this emerging market. Furthermore, the push for sustainability in manufacturing processes is opening avenues for the development of eco-friendly steel cords, which could appeal to environmentally conscious consumers and businesses alike.

Additionally, the expansion of industrial sectors globally, particularly in developing regions, offers substantial growth opportunities for steel cord applications beyond tire manufacturing. As industries such as mining, construction, and logistics continue to grow, the demand for durable and reliable steel cords in applications like conveyor belts and industrial hoses is expected to increase. Manufacturers that adapt to meet the specific needs of these industries, including the provision of customized solutions and enhanced product performance, can capture a larger market share. Overall, the combination of technological advancements, shifts in consumer preferences, and the expansion of industrial applications is set to create a wealth of opportunities within the steel cord market.

Threats

The steel cord market faces several threats that could impact its growth trajectory. One of the primary threats is the volatility of raw material prices, particularly for steel and other metal components. Fluctuations in the cost of raw materials can significantly affect production costs for manufacturers, leading to potential decreases in profit margins. Additionally, the global steel market is influenced by geopolitical factors, trade policies, and economic conditions, which can create uncertainties and challenges for steel cord producers. This volatility necessitates that manufacturers implement effective risk management strategies to mitigate potential impacts on their operations.

Another threat to the steel cord market is the increasing competition from alternative materials. Innovations in materials science have led to the development of synthetic fibers and composites that can potentially replace steel cords in certain applications. These materials may offer advantages such as lighter weight, corrosion resistance, and lower manufacturing costs. As industries explore alternatives to traditional materials, steel cord manufacturers could face challenges in maintaining their market share. To counteract this threat, it is essential for steel cord producers to invest in research and development to enhance their product offerings and demonstrate the unique performance benefits that steel cords provide compared to alternatives.

Competitor Outlook

• Bekaert
• Bridgestone Corporation
• Continental AG
• Michelin
• Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
• Teijin Limited
• Steel Strip Wheels Ltd.
• Wanda Group
• Yokohama Rubber Company
• Hankook Tire
• Shandong Linglong Tire Co., Ltd.
• Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
• Royal Beam Group
• Pirelli & C. S.p.A.
• Giti Tire

The competitive landscape of the steel cord market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies striving to capture market share through innovation, technological advancements, and strategic partnerships. Major companies in this sector, such as Bekaert, Bridgestone, and Continental AG, have a strong foothold in the market due to their extensive product offerings and expertise in tire manufacturing. These companies are continuously investing in research and development to create high-performance steel cords that can meet the evolving demands of the automotive industry. Additionally, they are focusing on sustainability initiatives and eco-friendly manufacturing practices to align with global trends and improve their market positioning.

Emerging companies and regional players are also making their mark in the steel cord market by offering competitive pricing and specialized products that cater to niche applications. These companies often leverage advanced manufacturing technologies and localized supply chains to enhance their operational efficiencies and reduce costs. Collaboration and partnerships with automotive manufacturers and industrial clients are common strategies among these players to ensure a steady demand for their products. As the market becomes increasingly competitive, companies that can differentiate themselves through innovation, quality, and customer service are more likely to succeed.

Furthermore, the steel cord market is witnessing an influx of new entrants focusing on delivering tailored solutions for specific industrial applications. Many of these companies are exploring alternative materials and innovative manufacturing processes to offer unique products that can address specific customer requirements. As the demand for high-performance steel cords continues to rise, competition in the market is expected to intensify, leading to increased innovation and potentially lower prices for consumers. Established players will need to adapt to this changing landscape by continuously enhancing their product offerings and exploring new markets to maintain their competitive edge.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Bekaert
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Michelin
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Giti Tire
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Wanda Group
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Hankook Tire
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Continental AG
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Teijin Limited
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Royal Beam Group
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Pirelli & C. S.p.A.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Bridgestone Corporation
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Steel Strip Wheels Ltd.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Yokohama Rubber Company
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Shandong Linglong Tire Co., Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Steel Cord Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Tire Manufacturing
    • 6.1.2 Industrial Hoses
    • 6.1.3 Reinforcement Materials
    • 6.1.4 Automotive Parts
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Steel Cord Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Bead Wire
    • 6.2.2 Hose Wire
    • 6.2.3 Tire Cord
    • 6.2.4 Conveyor Belt Cord
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Steel Cord Market, By Material Type
    • 6.3.1 Carbon Steel
    • 6.3.2 Stainless Steel
    • 6.3.3 Galvanized Steel
    • 6.3.4 Others
  • 6.4 Steel Cord Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributors
    • 6.4.3 Online Retailers
    • 6.4.4 Tire Manufacturers
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Steel Cord Market by Region
  • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 India
      • 10.3.1.2 China
      • 10.3.1.3 Japan
      • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Steel Cord market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Bead Wire
• Hose Wire
• Tire Cord
• Conveyor Belt Cord
• Others

By Application

• Tire Manufacturing
• Industrial Hoses
• Reinforcement Materials
• Automotive Parts
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Retailers
• Tire Manufacturers
• Others

By Material Type

• Carbon Steel
• Stainless Steel
• Galvanized Steel
• Others

By Region

• Asia Pacific
• North America
• Europe
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Bekaert
• Bridgestone Corporation
• Continental AG
• Michelin
• Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
• Teijin Limited
• Steel Strip Wheels Ltd.
• Wanda Group
• Yokohama Rubber Company
• Hankook Tire
• Shandong Linglong Tire Co., Ltd.
• Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
• Royal Beam Group
• Pirelli & C. S.p.A.
• Giti Tire