SMD Fuses Sales
SMD Fuses Market Segments - by Product Type (Fast Acting SMD Fuses, Slow Blow SMD Fuses, Time-Lag SMD Fuses, High Voltage SMD Fuses, Surface Mount SMD Fuses), Application (Automotive, Consumer Electronics, Industrial, Telecommunications, Others), Distribution Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor Sales, Online Retail), Voltage Rating (Up to 32V, 33V-100V, 101V-500V, Above 500V), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035
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- Table Of Content
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- Methodology
SMD Fuses Sales Market Outlook
The global SMD fuses market is projected to reach a size of approximately USD 1.2 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6.5%. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for compact and efficient electronic components in various applications, especially in the automotive and consumer electronics sectors. The rise of smart devices and the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) have also contributed significantly to the market's expansion. Additionally, the focus on enhancing energy efficiency and safety standards in electronics is pushing manufacturers to adopt SMD fuses over traditional fuses. Moreover, the evolving automotive industry, with its shift towards electric vehicles, further fuels the demand for reliable and efficient fuse solutions.
Growth Factor of the Market
Several factors are driving the growth of the SMD fuses market, with technological advancement being one of the most significant. The increasing complexity and miniaturization of electronic devices necessitate the use of compact fuse solutions that can offer reliable protection without compromising space. Additionally, the growing trend of automation in industrial applications is further boosting the demand for SMD fuses, as these devices help in safeguarding sensitive electronic components from overcurrent situations. Another important growth factor is the rising awareness about safety regulations and standards in various sectors, leading to an increase in the adoption of SMD fuses. Furthermore, the proliferation of electric vehicles has introduced a new market segment for SMD fuses, as they are essential for protecting the battery management systems and various electronic modules in EVs. Finally, an increase in the number of manufacturers focusing on innovation and product development in the SMD fuses category is also contributing to market growth.
Key Highlights of the Market
- The global SMD fuses market is projected to reach USD 1.2 billion by 2035, with a CAGR of 6.5%.
- Technological advancements in electronics drive the demand for compact and efficient fuse solutions.
- Rising safety awareness leads to increased adoption of SMD fuses across various industries.
- The automotive sector, especially electric vehicles, represents a significant growth opportunity.
- Manufacturers focus on innovation and product development to meet evolving market needs.
By Product Type
Fast Acting SMD Fuses:
Fast Acting SMD fuses are designed to provide immediate protection against short circuits and overloads, making them an essential component in many electronic applications. Their quick response time ensures that sensitive circuits are safeguarded from damage, which is particularly critical in devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers. As technology advances, the demand for rapid response fuses is increasing, driven by the need for protecting high-speed electronic components. Moreover, the automotive industry is incorporating these fuses in various electronic systems, such as airbag control modules and engine management systems, further boosting their market share.
Slow Blow SMD Fuses:
Slow Blow SMD fuses, also known as time-delay fuses, are designed to withstand temporary overloads without blowing, making them ideal for applications where inrush currents are common. These fuses are primarily used in devices such as motors, transformers, and power supplies, where initial surges may exceed the fuse's rating for a short duration. The ability to tolerate momentary spikes in current makes Slow Blow SMD fuses a preferred choice among manufacturers concerned with reliability and performance. As industries move towards automation and electric machinery, the demand for these fuses is expected to rise steadily, reflecting their importance in long-term operational efficiency.
Time-Lag SMD Fuses:
Time-Lag SMD fuses combine the features of fast acting and slow blow fuses, offering a delay mechanism to protect against overloads while being suitable for devices that experience periodic surges. These fuses are particularly useful in applications like heating elements and inductive loads, where inrush currents can be substantial. The versatility of Time-Lag SMD fuses makes them popular across various sectors, including consumer electronics and industrial applications. Their ability to handle different electrical characteristics without compromising safety enhances their appeal to manufacturers looking for flexible solutions in circuit protection.
High Voltage SMD Fuses:
High Voltage SMD fuses are crucial for protecting circuits operating at elevated voltages, typically above 100V. With the increasing demand for high-voltage applications, especially in renewable energy systems and industrial machinery, the market for these fuses is experiencing significant growth. These fuses are designed to effectively interrupt circuits and prevent catastrophic failures in high voltage environments. As industries globally embrace electrification and the shift towards sustainable solutions, the role of High Voltage SMD fuses in safeguarding equipment and enhancing reliability becomes paramount.
Surface Mount SMD Fuses:
Surface Mount SMD fuses are engineered for direct mounting onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs), providing a compact solution for circuit protection. Their design allows for high-density applications where space is at a premium. As the electronics industry continues to miniaturize components, the demand for Surface Mount SMD fuses is on the rise, particularly in consumer electronics, telecommunications, and automotive sectors. These fuses not only offer effective protection but also streamline production processes by reducing assembly time and costs, making them a preferred choice among manufacturers.
By Application
Automotive:
The automotive sector is a significant application area for SMD fuses, driven by the increasing complexity of electrical systems in modern vehicles. The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid models has further accelerated the demand for reliable protection components, as these vehicles require robust and efficient fuses to safeguard their intricate electronic systems. SMD fuses are utilized in various applications within automobiles, including battery management systems, infotainment units, and safety systems. The imperative for enhanced safety standards and reliability in automotive electronics is propelling the adoption of SMD fuses across the industry.
Consumer Electronics:
In the consumer electronics segment, SMD fuses play a crucial role in protecting devices such as smartphones, laptops, and home appliances from electrical faults. As these devices become more advanced and compact, the need for reliable, space-efficient circuit protection has become paramount. SMD fuses are favored for their quick response times and ability to prevent damage to sensitive components, which is essential in maintaining device longevity. The continuous innovation in the consumer electronics market, with an emphasis on multifunctional devices, is further driving the demand for SMD fuses as manufacturers seek to enhance product durability and safety.
Industrial:
Industrial applications require robust electrical components that can withstand the demands of heavy machinery and automation systems, making SMD fuses crucial in this sector. These fuses provide reliable protection against overcurrent conditions that could lead to equipment failure, ensuring uninterrupted operations. With the increasing adoption of robotics and smart manufacturing processes, the role of SMD fuses in safeguarding industrial equipment is becoming more prominent. The growth of Industry 4.0 and the push towards smarter factories are expected to keep the demand for SMD fuses strong in the industrial segment, as businesses prioritize efficiency and safety.
Telecommunications:
In the telecommunications sector, SMD fuses are essential for protecting the various electronic components in communication devices and infrastructure. The rapid expansion of mobile networks and data centers necessitates reliable circuit protection solutions to prevent damage from electrical surges and faults. SMD fuses are particularly suitable for telecommunications applications, as they can handle high-speed signals and provide protection without introducing significant delays. As the demand for faster and more reliable connectivity continues to grow, the importance of SMD fuses in telecommunications will only increase, supporting the infrastructure needed for modern communication systems.
Others:
Other applications of SMD fuses include sectors such as medical devices, aerospace, and lighting systems. In medical devices, for instance, the reliability of circuit protection is crucial for ensuring patient safety and compliance with stringent regulatory standards. SMD fuses are utilized in various medical equipment, from diagnostic tools to life-support systems, where failure is not an option. In aerospace applications, the lightweight and compact design of SMD fuses makes them ideal for use in avionic systems, where reliability is paramount. Furthermore, the lighting industry is increasingly adopting SMD fuses in LED lighting solutions to protect against circuit overloads, showcasing the versatility of these fuses across diverse applications.
By Distribution Channel
Direct Sales:
Direct sales represent a significant distribution channel for SMD fuses, allowing manufacturers to establish direct relationships with their customers. This channel is particularly beneficial for companies that offer customized solutions tailored to specific customer needs. Through direct sales, manufacturers can provide comprehensive support and technical assistance to clients, ensuring that they have the right fuse solutions for their applications. Direct sales also allow for better control over pricing and inventory management, making it an attractive option for many manufacturers in the SMD fuses market.
Distributor Sales:
Distributor sales have become a vital channel for distributing SMD fuses, as distributors often have established networks and relationships within various industries. These distributors play a crucial role in managing inventory and logistics, enabling manufacturers to reach a wider audience and ensure product availability. By leveraging the expertise of distributors, manufacturers can focus on their core competencies while benefiting from the distributors' market knowledge and customer base. This channel is particularly important in markets where customers require a range of fuse products and quick access to components.
Online Retail:
The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way SMD fuses are sold, with online retail becoming an increasingly popular distribution channel. The convenience of online shopping allows customers to compare products, read reviews, and make informed purchasing decisions from the comfort of their homes. Manufacturers and distributors are capitalizing on this trend by establishing online platforms that offer a comprehensive range of SMD fuses, often with detailed specifications and technical support. This shift towards online retail is expected to continue, driven by the growing preference for digital transactions and the need for quick and easy access to electronic components.
By Voltage Rating
Up to 32V:
Fuses rated for voltages up to 32V are widely used in consumer electronics and automotive applications. These fuses provide essential protection for circuits that operate within this voltage range, ensuring that devices are safeguarded from potential electrical faults. The compact size and efficiency of SMD fuses rated for up to 32V make them ideal for applications such as smartphones, tablets, and low-voltage automotive systems. As the demand for reliable and efficient electronic devices continues to rise, the market for these lower voltage fuses is expected to see significant growth.
33V-100V:
Fuses rated between 33V and 100V cater to a variety of industrial and commercial applications, providing essential overcurrent protection for equipment operating in this voltage range. These fuses are commonly utilized in machinery, power supplies, and renewable energy systems, offering reliable protection against electrical faults. As industries transition towards automation and renewable energy solutions, the requirement for fuses in this voltage category is anticipated to grow. The increasing complexity of industrial equipment also drives the demand for fuses that can handle higher voltage ratings safely and effectively.
101V-500V:
The 101V-500V voltage rating segment is crucial for applications that require robust protection in higher voltage systems, including industrial machinery and certain telecommunications equipment. SMD fuses in this range are designed to withstand significant electrical loads while ensuring the safety and reliability of equipment. As global industries embrace electrification and smart technology, the market for these fuses is projected to expand rapidly. The trend towards higher efficiency and enhanced safety in industrial applications is also a key driver for the adoption of SMD fuses in this voltage range.
Above 500V:
Fuses rated above 500V are essential for specialized applications, particularly in industrial settings and utility infrastructure. These high-voltage fuses protect critical systems from electrical faults that could lead to catastrophic failures. Their design and performance characteristics are tailored to meet the stringent requirements of high-voltage applications, ensuring the safety and operational integrity of large-scale electrical systems. As the demand for renewable energy sources and high-voltage equipment increases, the market for SMD fuses above 500V is expected to see considerable growth, driven by investments in infrastructure and sustainability initiatives.
By Region
The SMD fuses market is witnessing substantial growth across various regions, with Asia Pacific leading the way. This region accounted for approximately 40% of the global market share in 2023, driven by robust demand from the electronics manufacturing sector, particularly in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. The CAGR for the Asia Pacific region is estimated to be around 7% during the forecast period, fueled by the increasing production of consumer electronics and the rising trend of automation in industrial processes. Additionally, the expansion of the automotive and telecommunications sectors in Asia Pacific is expected to contribute to the growing demand for SMD fuses, as manufacturers prioritize reliable and efficient circuit protection solutions.
North America and Europe also represent significant markets for SMD fuses, collectively accounting for around 45% of the global market share in 2023. The North American market is driven by advancements in technology and a focus on safety standards across various industries, including automotive and industrial applications. The CAGR for North America is projected to be approximately 6% during the forecast period. In Europe, stringent regulations regarding electronic safety and the growing trend towards electric vehicles are propelling the demand for SMD fuses, particularly in automotive and consumer electronics applications. The increasing emphasis on renewable energy systems in these regions also contributes to the demand for high-voltage SMD fuses, highlighting the diverse applications and opportunities present in the market.
Opportunities
The SMD fuses market presents several lucrative opportunities as industries continue to evolve and innovate. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the automotive sector, particularly with the shift towards electric vehicles (EVs). As automakers increasingly incorporate advanced electronic systems to enhance vehicle performance and safety features, the demand for reliable and efficient SMD fuses will surge. Manufacturers who can innovate and offer specialized fuse solutions designed for the unique requirements of EV architectures are likely to gain a competitive edge. Additionally, the trend of smart manufacturing and automation in various industries creates a pressing need for robust circuit protection, positioning SMD fuses as critical components in safeguarding sensitive electronic systems from electrical faults. The ongoing transition towards renewable energy sources also represents a key opportunity, as high-voltage SMD fuses will be required for applications such as solar inverters and wind turbine systems, which operate within elevated voltage ranges.
Furthermore, the increasing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across various sectors is driving demand for compact and efficient circuit protection solutions. As more devices connect to the internet and require reliable performance, the need for SMD fuses in consumer electronics, smart home applications, and industrial IoT systems will rise. The expansion of e-commerce and online retail channels also presents an opportunity for manufacturers to reach a wider audience, allowing them to provide detailed product information and support to customers through digital platforms. Overall, the SMD fuses market is positioned for growth, driven by advancements in technology and the continuous demand for innovation across various applications.
Threats
Despite the promising growth prospects, the SMD fuses market faces several threats that could impact its trajectory. One of the primary threats is the increasing competition from alternative circuit protection solutions, such as polymeric positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) devices and circuit breakers. These alternatives offer different advantages, including resettable features and improved response times, which can draw attention away from traditional SMD fuses. As innovation continues to advance in the field of circuit protection, manufacturers of SMD fuses must adapt and differentiate their products to maintain their market share. Additionally, fluctuating raw material prices and supply chain disruptions can pose significant challenges for fuse manufacturers, impacting production costs and profitability. The global semiconductor shortage has already highlighted vulnerabilities in supply chains, and any further disruptions could lead to increased operational risks for SMD fuse manufacturers.
Another significant threat comes from the evolving regulatory landscape surrounding electronic components. As countries implement stricter environmental and safety regulations, manufacturers may face challenges in meeting compliance standards. This could necessitate costly redesigns or adaptations in manufacturing processes, potentially leading to increased operational expenses. Moreover, the rapid pace of technological change in electronics can render existing products obsolete, necessitating continuous investment in research and development. Companies that fail to keep pace with industry trends and technological advancements may find themselves at a disadvantage, further threatening their market position. Thus, while the SMD fuses market presents numerous opportunities for growth, it is crucial for manufacturers to stay vigilant and responsive to these threats to ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness.
Competitor Outlook
- Schurter AG
- Littlefuse, Inc.
- Bel Fuse Inc.
- Bourns, Inc.
- Farnell Element14
- Amphenol Corporation
- TE Connectivity
- Mersen S.A.
- Eaton Corporation
- Raychem (TE Connectivity)
- Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
- Riedon, Inc.
- API Delevan, Inc.
- Ohmite Corporation
- Cooper Bussmann (Eaton)
The competitive landscape of the SMD fuses market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies, all vying for market share in a growing industry. Major manufacturers such as Littelfuse, Schurter AG, and Bel Fuse Inc. have a strong presence due to their extensive product portfolios and well-established relationships with customers across various sectors. These companies continually invest in research and development to innovate and enhance their offerings, ensuring they remain competitive in meeting the evolving needs of their customers. The focus on product quality, reliability, and adherence to regulatory standards is paramount for these leading manufacturers, as they work to differentiate themselves in a crowded market.
Emerging companies are also making their mark in the SMD fuses sector, leveraging advancements in technology and materials to provide superior solutions. These companies often emphasize niche applications and customized products to cater to specific customer requirements. The growth of e-commerce and online retail platforms is enabling these emerging players to reach a broader audience, thereby increasing competition in the market. Collaborations and partnerships between manufacturers and distributors are becoming increasingly common, facilitating better product availability and support for customers. This dynamic environment is fostering innovation and pushing all players to enhance their offerings to capture market share.
Key companies in the SMD fuses market, such as TE Connectivity and Eaton Corporation, are leveraging their extensive experience in electrical components to drive growth and expand their presence. TE Connectivity, for instance, focuses on developing advanced fuse solutions designed for high-performance applications, ensuring their products meet the stringent demands of industries such as automotive and telecommunications. Additionally, Eaton Corporation is recognized for its commitment to sustainability and innovation, continually working to develop products that not only offer reliability but also align with global trends towards energy efficiency. As the market evolves, these companies will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of SMD fuses, driving advancements in technology and performance.
1 Appendix
- 1.1 List of Tables
- 1.2 List of Figures
2 Introduction
- 2.1 Market Definition
- 2.2 Scope of the Report
- 2.3 Study Assumptions
- 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods
3 Market Dynamics
- 3.1 Market Growth Factors
- 3.2 Economic & Global Events
- 3.3 Innovation Trends
- 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
4 Consumer Behavior
- 4.1 Market Trends
- 4.2 Pricing Analysis
- 4.3 Buyer Insights
5 Key Player Profiles
- 5.1 Mersen S.A.
- 5.1.1 Business Overview
- 5.1.2 Products & Services
- 5.1.3 Financials
- 5.1.4 Recent Developments
- 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.2 Schurter AG
- 5.2.1 Business Overview
- 5.2.2 Products & Services
- 5.2.3 Financials
- 5.2.4 Recent Developments
- 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.3 Bourns, Inc.
- 5.3.1 Business Overview
- 5.3.2 Products & Services
- 5.3.3 Financials
- 5.3.4 Recent Developments
- 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.4 Riedon, Inc.
- 5.4.1 Business Overview
- 5.4.2 Products & Services
- 5.4.3 Financials
- 5.4.4 Recent Developments
- 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.5 Bel Fuse Inc.
- 5.5.1 Business Overview
- 5.5.2 Products & Services
- 5.5.3 Financials
- 5.5.4 Recent Developments
- 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.6 TE Connectivity
- 5.6.1 Business Overview
- 5.6.2 Products & Services
- 5.6.3 Financials
- 5.6.4 Recent Developments
- 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.7 Littlefuse, Inc.
- 5.7.1 Business Overview
- 5.7.2 Products & Services
- 5.7.3 Financials
- 5.7.4 Recent Developments
- 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.8 API Delevan, Inc.
- 5.8.1 Business Overview
- 5.8.2 Products & Services
- 5.8.3 Financials
- 5.8.4 Recent Developments
- 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.9 Eaton Corporation
- 5.9.1 Business Overview
- 5.9.2 Products & Services
- 5.9.3 Financials
- 5.9.4 Recent Developments
- 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.10 Farnell Element14
- 5.10.1 Business Overview
- 5.10.2 Products & Services
- 5.10.3 Financials
- 5.10.4 Recent Developments
- 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.11 Ohmite Corporation
- 5.11.1 Business Overview
- 5.11.2 Products & Services
- 5.11.3 Financials
- 5.11.4 Recent Developments
- 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.12 Amphenol Corporation
- 5.12.1 Business Overview
- 5.12.2 Products & Services
- 5.12.3 Financials
- 5.12.4 Recent Developments
- 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.13 Cooper Bussmann (Eaton)
- 5.13.1 Business Overview
- 5.13.2 Products & Services
- 5.13.3 Financials
- 5.13.4 Recent Developments
- 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.14 Raychem (TE Connectivity)
- 5.14.1 Business Overview
- 5.14.2 Products & Services
- 5.14.3 Financials
- 5.14.4 Recent Developments
- 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.15 Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
- 5.15.1 Business Overview
- 5.15.2 Products & Services
- 5.15.3 Financials
- 5.15.4 Recent Developments
- 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.1 Mersen S.A.
6 Market Segmentation
- 6.1 SMD Fuses Sales Market, By Application
- 6.1.1 Automotive
- 6.1.2 Consumer Electronics
- 6.1.3 Industrial
- 6.1.4 Telecommunications
- 6.1.5 Others
- 6.2 SMD Fuses Sales Market, By Product Type
- 6.2.1 Fast Acting SMD Fuses
- 6.2.2 Slow Blow SMD Fuses
- 6.2.3 Time-Lag SMD Fuses
- 6.2.4 High Voltage SMD Fuses
- 6.2.5 Surface Mount SMD Fuses
- 6.3 SMD Fuses Sales Market, By Voltage Rating
- 6.3.1 Up to 32V
- 6.3.2 33V-100V
- 6.3.3 101V-500V
- 6.3.4 Above 500V
- 6.4 SMD Fuses Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
- 6.4.1 Direct Sales
- 6.4.2 Distributor Sales
- 6.4.3 Online Retail
- 6.1 SMD Fuses Sales Market, By Application
7 Competitive Analysis
- 7.1 Key Player Comparison
- 7.2 Market Share Analysis
- 7.3 Investment Trends
- 7.4 SWOT Analysis
8 Research Methodology
- 8.1 Analysis Design
- 8.2 Research Phases
- 8.3 Study Timeline
9 Future Market Outlook
- 9.1 Growth Forecast
- 9.2 Market Evolution
10 Geographical Overview
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.1.1.1 UK
- 10.1.1.2 France
- 10.1.1.3 Germany
- 10.1.1.4 Spain
- 10.1.1.5 Italy
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.2.1.1 India
- 10.2.1.2 China
- 10.2.1.3 Japan
- 10.2.1.4 South Korea
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
- 10.3.1 By Country
- 10.3.1.1 Brazil
- 10.3.1.2 Argentina
- 10.3.1.3 Mexico
- 10.3.1 By Country
- 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.4.1.1 USA
- 10.4.1.2 Canada
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.5 SMD Fuses Sales Market by Region
- 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.6.1.1 Middle East
- 10.6.1.2 Africa
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
11 Global Economic Factors
- 11.1 Inflation Impact
- 11.2 Trade Policies
12 Technology & Innovation
- 12.1 Emerging Technologies
- 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
- 12.3 Patent Research
13 Investment & Market Growth
- 13.1 Funding Trends
- 13.2 Future Market Projections
14 Market Overview & Key Insights
- 14.1 Executive Summary
- 14.2 Key Trends
- 14.3 Market Challenges
- 14.4 Regulatory Landscape
Segments Analyzed in the Report
The global SMD Fuses Sales market is categorized based on
By Product Type
- Fast Acting SMD Fuses
- Slow Blow SMD Fuses
- Time-Lag SMD Fuses
- High Voltage SMD Fuses
- Surface Mount SMD Fuses
By Application
- Automotive
- Consumer Electronics
- Industrial
- Telecommunications
- Others
By Distribution Channel
- Direct Sales
- Distributor Sales
- Online Retail
By Voltage Rating
- Up to 32V
- 33V-100V
- 101V-500V
- Above 500V
By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
Key Players
- Schurter AG
- Littlefuse, Inc.
- Bel Fuse Inc.
- Bourns, Inc.
- Farnell Element14
- Amphenol Corporation
- TE Connectivity
- Mersen S.A.
- Eaton Corporation
- Raychem (TE Connectivity)
- Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
- Riedon, Inc.
- API Delevan, Inc.
- Ohmite Corporation
- Cooper Bussmann (Eaton)
- Publish Date : Jan 21 ,2025
- Report ID : EL-33023
- No. Of Pages : 100
- Format : |
- Ratings : 4.5 (110 Reviews)
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