Sacral Nerve Stimulators

Sacral Nerve Stimulators Market Outlook

The global sacral nerve stimulators market is estimated to reach approximately USD 1.4 billion by 2035, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 8.5% over the forecast period of 2025 to 2035. The increasing prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence, driven by an aging population and rising awareness about treatment options, is a critical growth factor for this market. Additionally, advancements in medical technology and the increasing acceptance of minimally invasive procedures are propelling the demand for sacral nerve stimulators. Healthcare providers are increasingly recognizing the effectiveness of these devices in managing chronic pelvic pain and other related conditions, further stimulating market growth. The rising healthcare expenditure and improved access to specialized care facilities are also anticipated to contribute positively to the market dynamics during the forecast period.

Growth Factor of the Market

The sacral nerve stimulators market is primarily driven by the rising incidence of conditions such as urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence, which are becoming more prevalent due to lifestyle changes and an aging demographic. Moreover, the growing emphasis on patient-centered care and the demand for effective treatment options with minimal side effects are significant factors propelling market growth. Innovative technological developments in sacral nerve stimulators, such as wireless connectivity and rechargeable devices, enhance patient compliance and treatment efficacy, thereby augmenting market demand. Additionally, favorable reimbursement policies in various regions are encouraging more healthcare facilities to adopt sacral nerve stimulators. The increasing awareness about sacral nerve stimulation as a viable treatment option is fostering a positive outlook for the market.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global sacral nerve stimulators market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Increasing prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence supports market growth.
• Technological advancements are leading to more effective and patient-friendly devices.
• Rising healthcare expenditure and improved access to care are encouraging market expansion.
• Awareness and education campaigns are enhancing the understanding of sacral nerve stimulation therapy.

By Product Type

Implantable Sacral Nerve Stimulators:

Implantable sacral nerve stimulators represent a significant segment within the sacral nerve stimulators market, primarily due to their effectiveness in managing chronic conditions. These devices are surgically placed under the skin, allowing for long-term therapy to alleviate symptoms of urinary and fecal incontinence. The growing number of procedures performed for these conditions is driving the demand for implantable systems, as patients seek more permanent solutions. Furthermore, advancements in the miniaturization of devices and improvements in biocompatibility are making these stimulators more appealing to both healthcare providers and patients. Patients often prefer these implantable devices due to their inconspicuous nature and reduced need for frequent medical visits once properly calibrated. As healthcare systems continue to evolve, the preference for implantable systems is expected to increase, further contributing to the segment's growth.

External Sacral Nerve Stimulators:

External sacral nerve stimulators are gaining traction in the market as a non-invasive alternative for patients who may not be candidates for surgical implants. These devices are designed to provide similar therapeutic effects by using external electrodes that stimulate sacral nerves without the need for surgical intervention. The convenience and lower risk associated with external stimulators are particularly appealing for patients who are hesitant about invasive procedures. Moreover, advancements in technology have led to the development of portable and battery-operated external devices, making them more accessible and user-friendly. The increasing focus on outpatient care and the demand for at-home treatment options are also bolstering the growth of this segment. As awareness of non-invasive treatment methods rises, the external sacral nerve stimulators market is expected to continue expanding.

By Application

Urge Urinary Incontinence:

Urge urinary incontinence is one of the most common applications for sacral nerve stimulators, accounting for a significant share of the market. This condition, characterized by an uncontrollable urge to urinate, affects a considerable portion of the population, particularly older adults. Sacral nerve stimulation has been shown to effectively mitigate these urges and improve overall bladder control, leading to enhanced quality of life for patients. Furthermore, as awareness of treatment options for urge urinary incontinence grows, more patients are seeking out sacral nerve stimulators as a viable alternative to pharmacological treatments or lifestyle changes. The ongoing research and clinical trials continue to validate the efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation, further solidifying its role in managing this condition.

Fecal Incontinence:

The application of sacral nerve stimulators in treating fecal incontinence is also gaining momentum. Fecal incontinence significantly impacts the quality of life and can lead to social isolation and psychological distress. Sacral nerve stimulation has emerged as an effective therapeutic intervention for patients who do not respond well to conservative treatments, such as dietary modifications or pelvic floor exercises. The increasing understanding and acceptance of this treatment modality among medical professionals and patients alike are contributing to market growth. Additionally, ongoing research into the efficacy of stimulation techniques in different patient demographics is expected to expand the application range. This growing recognition of sacral nerve stimulators as a treatment option for fecal incontinence is anticipated to drive further investment in this area.

Urge Fecal Incontinence:

Urge fecal incontinence, characterized by a sudden and intense urge to defecate, is another application area where sacral nerve stimulators are increasingly being utilized. The condition can be distressing and debilitating for patients, often leading to significant lifestyle restrictions. Sacral nerve stimulation has been shown to improve bowel control, thereby reducing the frequency of episodes. The introduction of minimally invasive techniques and greater patient awareness of treatment options are factors driving the adoption of sacral nerve stimulators for this condition. Furthermore, healthcare providers are more frequently recognizing the importance of addressing bowel-related issues alongside urinary incontinence, leading to a more integrated approach to patient care.

Chronic Pelvic Pain:

Chronic pelvic pain is a complex condition that can be challenging to manage, often requiring a multifaceted therapeutic approach. Sacral nerve stimulators have demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating pain associated with various pelvic conditions, making them a valuable option in the treatment arsenal. The increasing recognition of pelvic pain as a significant health issue and the growing focus on pain management strategies are contributing to the uptake of sacral nerve stimulation in this application. Enhanced patient outcomes resulting from sacral stimulation therapy are being documented in clinical studies, which in turn is encouraging more healthcare providers to consider this option for their patients. As research continues to explore the mechanisms through which nerve stimulation alleviates pelvic pain, it is expected that the adoption of this treatment will further increase.

Others:

Other applications of sacral nerve stimulators encompass a variety of conditions, including non-specific pelvic pain and bladder dysfunctions that do not strictly fit into the defined categories. The versatility of these devices allows them to be utilized in a broad spectrum of therapeutic contexts, catering to patients with varying needs and preferences. The recognition of sacral nerve stimulation as a treatment option for such diverse conditions is gradually expanding the market. Additionally, as more clinical evidence emerges demonstrating the benefits of sacral nerve stimulators in managing a wide range of ailments, the number of patients considering this treatment is expected to rise. Ongoing research and development are needed to identify new applications for sacral nerve stimulation, thus potentially broadening the scope of the market further.

By Distribution Channel

Hospitals:

Hospitals are a primary distribution channel for sacral nerve stimulators, accounting for a substantial portion of the market share. These healthcare facilities have the necessary infrastructure and expertise to perform surgical procedures for implantable devices, making them a favorable option for patients requiring more comprehensive treatment. Furthermore, hospitals often have access to advanced medical technologies and specialists trained in the latest techniques, which enhances the safety and efficacy of the procedures performed. With the increasing number of hospital admissions for urinary and fecal incontinence, the demand for sacral nerve stimulators in hospital settings is expected to continue growing. Additionally, partnerships between hospitals and device manufacturers are aiding in the development of innovative solutions tailored to patient needs.

Specialty Clinics:

Specialty clinics, focusing specifically on urology, gynecology, and gastroenterology, play a pivotal role in the distribution of sacral nerve stimulators. These clinics provide a more personalized approach to patient care and often feature dedicated staff familiar with the nuances of sacral nerve stimulation therapy. The growing trend toward outpatient procedures has led to an increase in the number of patients seeking treatment at specialty clinics, where they can receive comprehensive evaluations and tailored therapies. Moreover, as awareness of sacral nerve stimulation continues to spread, specialty clinics are likely to expand their offerings to include these devices, further boosting their adoption. The emphasis on specialized care is driving more patients to seek treatment in settings that can provide targeted therapies and support.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) are emerging as an essential distribution channel for sacral nerve stimulators, particularly due to the rise of outpatient surgical procedures. These centers provide a cost-effective alternative to hospitals for minimally invasive surgeries, which is appealing to both patients and healthcare providers. The ability to receive care in an ASC often means shorter wait times, lower costs, and enhanced patient comfort, which is driving more individuals to consider these facilities for their treatment. Furthermore, as the technology behind sacral nerve stimulators advances, it enables more procedures to be performed in outpatient settings safely, thereby increasing the volume of treatments offered in ASCs. The growth of ambulatory care is projected to have a positive impact on the sacral nerve stimulators market, as more patients seek convenient treatment options without the need for extensive hospital stays.

By End User

Hospitals:

Hospitals serve as a critical end-user segment for sacral nerve stimulators, with their ability to provide comprehensive care, including surgical implantation and post-operative management. The high volume of patients presenting with urinary and fecal incontinence in hospital settings is a significant driver for the adoption of sacral nerve stimulation therapies. Additionally, hospitals are increasingly investing in specialized training for their staff to ensure optimal patient outcomes, thereby enhancing their capacity to provide these advanced treatments. The continuous expansion of hospitals’ urology and gastroenterology departments is expected to further boost the demand for sacral nerve stimulators as they seek to offer all-encompassing care for patients dealing with complex pelvic disorders. As hospitals continue to embrace new technologies and therapies, the market for sacral nerve stimulators within these facilities is likely to thrive.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers are also prominent end users of sacral nerve stimulators, catering to patients who prefer outpatient care for their treatment. ASCs provide a streamlined process for the implantation of sacral nerve stimulators, which is appealing to patients seeking convenience and efficiency in their healthcare experiences. The focus on minimally invasive techniques aligns well with the typical services offered at ASCs, making them a preferred choice for many individuals. Furthermore, the growth of these centers is indicative of the broader trend toward outpatient care, which is becoming increasingly popular due to its cost-effectiveness and reduced recovery time. As more patients become aware of the benefits of outpatient procedures, the demand for sacral nerve stimulators in ambulatory surgical centers is expected to rise significantly.

Specialty Clinics:

Specialty clinics are vital end users for sacral nerve stimulators, as they provide targeted care for specific conditions related to urinary and fecal incontinence. These clinics often have the expertise and resources to offer patients comprehensive evaluations and tailored treatment plans, which enhances the efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation therapy. The growing emphasis on personalized medicine is leading more patients to seek treatment in specialty clinics, where they can benefit from a focused approach to their healthcare needs. Moreover, as specialty clinics continue to expand their services to include advanced therapies like sacral nerve stimulators, the market is likely to see increased adoption rates. The partnership between specialty clinics and manufacturers of sacral nerve stimulators is further facilitating the growth of this segment and improving patient awareness about available treatment options.

By Region

North America currently dominates the sacral nerve stimulators market, accounting for a significant share due to the high prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence conditions, coupled with advanced healthcare infrastructure. The region's robust reimbursement policies and growing awareness regarding treatment options have positively impacted the adoption rates of sacral nerve stimulators. Moreover, the presence of key market players and continuous innovation in medical technologies are further bolstering growth in North America. According to projections, the North American market is expected to maintain a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period, driven by the increasing number of procedures performed annually and an aging population seeking effective treatment options. Additionally, the availability of specialized clinics and support networks is facilitating better patient access to these therapies, ensuring a steady growth trajectory.

Europe is another significant market for sacral nerve stimulators, characterized by increasing awareness about the benefits of sacral nerve stimulation therapy among patients and healthcare providers alike. The European market is projected to witness a CAGR of approximately 8.3% from 2025 to 2035, as countries in the region are focusing on improving healthcare services and investing in advanced medical technologies. The rising prevalence of conditions such as urinary incontinence is leading to growing demand for effective treatment solutions, with sacral nerve stimulators increasingly recognized as a viable option. Additionally, the collaboration between healthcare providers and manufacturers to enhance education and support for patients is anticipated to drive market growth in Europe. As the emphasis on patient-centered care expands, the adoption of sacral nerve stimulators is expected to gain further momentum across the region.

Opportunities

The sacral nerve stimulators market is poised for substantial growth as several opportunities arise for stakeholders. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the increasing emphasis on personalized medicine, where therapies can be tailored to individual patient needs. By leveraging advancements in technology and data analytics, manufacturers can develop more efficient and adaptable sacral nerve stimulators that cater to a broader range of conditions. Additionally, ongoing clinical research into new applications of sacral nerve stimulation can open doors for novel therapies that address various pelvic disorders. This potential to expand the therapeutic scope will not only enhance the value of sacral nerve stimulators but also create new revenue streams for manufacturers and healthcare providers alike.

Furthermore, the growing trend of outpatient procedures is presenting an opportunity for the sacral nerve stimulators market to expand into ambulatory surgical centers and specialty clinics. As patients increasingly seek minimally invasive and convenient treatment options, there is a pressing need for healthcare facilities to adopt advanced technologies like sacral nerve stimulators. Collaborations between healthcare providers and manufacturers to foster education and training can also enhance patient outcomes, thereby driving adoption rates. Moreover, the rise of telemedicine and digital health solutions can be leveraged to improve patient monitoring and follow-up care, which would likely increase the overall success rates of sacral nerve stimulation therapies. These evolving market dynamics indicate several avenues for growth and development in the sacral nerve stimulators sector.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects, the sacral nerve stimulators market faces several threats that could hinder its expansion. One of the primary threats is the stringent regulatory environment governing medical devices, which can delay product approvals and affect market entry for new technologies. The complex and varying regulations across different regions can pose challenges for manufacturers seeking to market their devices internationally. Additionally, the rising costs associated with research and development, coupled with the high expenses related to clinical trials, can place financial burdens on companies, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. The potential for product recalls or adverse events related to device complications further exacerbates these challenges, as any safety concerns can damage brand reputation and lead to decreased consumer trust.

Another significant threat to the sacral nerve stimulators market is the growing availability of alternative treatment options for urinary and fecal incontinence. As non-invasive therapies and pharmacological treatments become more popular and widely accepted, patients may opt for these alternatives over sacral nerve stimulators, impacting market growth. Furthermore, the lack of awareness and understanding among patients and healthcare providers regarding sacral nerve stimulation therapy can hinder adoption rates. Efforts to educate stakeholders about the benefits and success rates of sacral nerve stimulation are necessary to counteract this threat. The competitive landscape is also intensifying, with new entrants seeking to capitalize on market opportunities, which may lead to pricing pressures and reduced profit margins for established players.

Competitor Outlook

• Medtronic plc
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC
• Abbott Laboratories
• Neurosigma, Inc.
• Inspira Technologies Oxy Band Ltd.
• Uroplasty, Inc.
• Coloplast A/S
• Axonics Modulation Technologies, Inc.
• Stimwave Technologies, Inc.
• Salix Pharmaceuticals
• Merit Medical Systems, Inc.
• Halyard Health, Inc.
• GE Healthcare
• Cook Medical, Inc.

The competitive landscape of the sacral nerve stimulators market is characterized by the presence of several prominent players who are continuously striving to innovate and enhance their product offerings. Medtronic plc, a market leader, is renowned for its advanced technologies and comprehensive portfolio of sacral nerve stimulators, which cater to a wide range of patient needs. The company invests heavily in research and development to ensure its products remain at the forefront of medical technology. Boston Scientific Corporation also holds a significant market position, focusing on expanding its reach through strategic partnerships and acquisitions. The company's commitment to developing minimally invasive solutions has garnered significant attention from healthcare providers and patients alike, further solidifying its competitive edge.

In addition to established players, there are several emerging companies making strides in the sacral nerve stimulators market. Axonics Modulation Technologies, Inc., for instance, has introduced innovative sacral nerve stimulation systems with rechargeable batteries, which have gained popularity among patients due to their convenience. Similarly, companies like Uroplasty, Inc. and Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC are focusing on addressing unmet needs in the market by developing novel therapies and patient-centered solutions. The competitive dynamics of the industry are also influenced by the increasing presence of startups exploring cutting-edge technologies, which can foster a more diverse treatment landscape for patients experiencing urinary and fecal incontinence.

Overall, the competitive landscape for sacral nerve stimulators is characterized by a blend of established players and emerging innovators. Key companies are focusing on product differentiation and technological advancements to maintain their market positions. Medtronic and Boston Scientific, for example, leverage their extensive research capabilities to develop next-generation devices that enhance patient outcomes. Additionally, collaborations between manufacturers and healthcare providers are fostering an environment of continuous improvement and education, ultimately benefiting patients. With the increasing adoption of sacral nerve stimulators, the competitive landscape is expected to evolve further, driven by the need for innovative solutions that meet the demands of patients and healthcare providers alike.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Coloplast A/S
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 GE Healthcare
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Medtronic plc
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Uroplasty, Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Neurosigma, Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Cook Medical, Inc.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Abbott Laboratories
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Halyard Health, Inc.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Salix Pharmaceuticals
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Merit Medical Systems, Inc.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Stimwave Technologies, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Boston Scientific Corporation
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Inspira Technologies Oxy Band Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Axonics Modulation Technologies, Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Sacral Nerve Stimulators Market, By End User
    • 6.1.1 Hospitals
    • 6.1.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
    • 6.1.3 Specialty Clinics
  • 6.2 Sacral Nerve Stimulators Market, By Application
    • 6.2.1 Urge Urinary Incontinence
    • 6.2.2 Fecal Incontinence
    • 6.2.3 Urge Fecal Incontinence
    • 6.2.4 Chronic Pelvic Pain
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Sacral Nerve Stimulators Market, By Product Type
    • 6.3.1 Implantable Sacral Nerve Stimulators
    • 6.3.2 External Sacral Nerve Stimulators
  • 6.4 Sacral Nerve Stimulators Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Hospitals
    • 6.4.2 Specialty Clinics
    • 6.4.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centers

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Sacral Nerve Stimulators Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Sacral Nerve Stimulators market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Implantable Sacral Nerve Stimulators
• External Sacral Nerve Stimulators

By Application

• Urge Urinary Incontinence
• Fecal Incontinence
• Urge Fecal Incontinence
• Chronic Pelvic Pain
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals
• Specialty Clinics
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers

By End User

• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Specialty Clinics

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Medtronic plc
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC
• Abbott Laboratories
• Neurosigma, Inc.
• Inspira Technologies Oxy Band Ltd.
• Uroplasty, Inc.
• Coloplast A/S
• Axonics Modulation Technologies, Inc.
• Stimwave Technologies, Inc.
• Salix Pharmaceuticals
• Merit Medical Systems, Inc.
• Halyard Health, Inc.
• GE Healthcare
• Cook Medical, Inc.