Rubber Compound

Rubber Compound Market Outlook

The global rubber compound market is projected to reach a valuation of approximately USD 50 billion by 2033, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for rubber compounds in various industries, particularly in the automotive and manufacturing sectors, where they are utilized for a wide range of applications. Additionally, the rise in vehicle production and the growing trend of electric vehicles are further boosting the demand for specialized rubber compounds that can meet the stringent requirements of modern applications. Other factors contributing to this market's growth include rising urbanization, infrastructure development, and advancements in rubber technology, which enhance performance attributes like durability, heat resistance, and flexibility.

Growth Factor of the Market

The rubber compound market is witnessing significant growth due to multiple factors that facilitate its expansion across various sectors. One of the primary drivers is the surge in automotive manufacturing, where rubber compounds are critical for producing tires and other components that require durability and flexibility. The trend toward electric vehicles is also propelling demand, as these vehicles require high-performance rubber materials capable of operating under different environmental conditions. Furthermore, the construction industry’s continuous growth, supported by government initiatives and investments in infrastructure, is boosting the demand for rubber compounds used in seals, gaskets, and other building materials. Innovations in rubber compound formulations, including the incorporation of eco-friendly and sustainable materials, are attracting further investment and interest in the market. Additionally, advancements in processing technologies and the ability to customize compounds to meet specific application needs are opening up new opportunities for manufacturers, enhancing their competitiveness in both domestic and international markets.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The market is expected to reach USD 50 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.2%.
• Automotive and industrial manufacturing sectors are the leading consumers of rubber compounds.
• There is a notable shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly rubber materials.
• Technological advancements are facilitating the development of high-performance rubber compounds.
• The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to dominate the market, driven by robust industrial activities.

By Product Type

Natural Rubber Compound:

Natural rubber compounds are derived from latex produced by rubber trees and are well-regarded for their excellent elasticity, resilience, and tensile strength. This type of rubber is widely utilized in the manufacturing of tires, footwear, and various industrial applications due to its superior properties compared to synthetic alternatives. The demand for natural rubber is driven by its eco-friendly nature, making it an attractive option for industries looking for sustainable materials. However, fluctuations in natural rubber prices and supply chain challenges can impact the market dynamics, necessitating manufacturers to adapt their sourcing strategies continuously.

Synthetic Rubber Compound:

Synthetic rubber compounds, which are derived from petroleum-based monomers, offer a versatile range of materials that can be engineered to exhibit specific properties such as heat resistance and chemical stability. These compounds are predominant in the automotive sector for tire production, hoses, and seals due to their reliability and performance under extreme conditions. The increasing use of synthetic rubber in the manufacturing of various consumer goods, coupled with advancements in production techniques that enhance their properties, further solidifies their market position. Despite being less eco-friendly compared to natural rubber, the ability to tailor synthetic compounds to meet precise requirements makes them indispensable in modern manufacturing.

Thermoplastic Rubber Compound:

Thermoplastic rubber compounds combine the processability of plastics with the elasticity of rubber, making them ideal for applications requiring flexibility and durability. Commonly used in automotive interiors and exterior parts, as well as consumer products, thermoplastic rubber provides manufacturers with the ability to create lightweight components that retain their shape and resilience under stress. The growing trend toward lightweight and recyclable materials in the automotive industry has significantly increased the demand for thermoplastic rubber compounds, highlighting their potential in meeting future sustainability goals. Their ease of processing and versatility also contribute to their expanding application range across various industries.

Liquid Silicone Rubber Compound:

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) compounds are known for their exceptional thermal stability, chemical resistance, and flexibility, making them an ideal choice for applications in healthcare, automotive, and electronics. The biocompatibility of LSR makes it particularly suitable for medical applications, including implants and surgical devices, where safety and reliability are paramount. The increasing demand for high-quality, durable products in these sectors is driving the growth of the liquid silicone rubber market. As manufacturers continue to innovate in terms of formulation and processing techniques, the scope and applicability of LSR compounds are expected to expand, further enhancing their market share.

Fluoroelastomer Compound:

Fluoroelastomer compounds are engineered to withstand extreme temperatures and aggressive chemicals, making them essential in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and chemical processing. Their unique properties allow them to perform effectively in harsh environments where traditional rubber compounds may fail. The increasing demand for high-performance materials that can operate under extreme conditions is driving the growth of the fluoroelastomer market. Furthermore, as industries continue to prioritize safety and efficiency, the adoption of fluoroelastomers is expected to rise, providing manufacturers with lucrative opportunities to cater to these specialized needs.

By Application

Automotive:

The automotive sector represents a significant portion of the rubber compound market, with rubber materials being crucial for the production of tires, seals, gaskets, and other vital components. The ongoing advancements in vehicle technology, including the rise of electric vehicles, are increasing the demand for specialized rubber compounds that can withstand varying conditions while providing enhanced performance. With the automotive industry continually seeking to improve safety, fuel efficiency, and sustainability, manufacturers are innovating with rubber formulations to meet these requirements. As global vehicle production continues to rise and stricter emissions regulations come into play, the automotive application of rubber compounds is expected to witness steady growth.

Industrial Manufacturing:

The industrial manufacturing application of rubber compounds encompasses a wide array of products, including conveyor belts, hoses, and machinery components. The versatility of rubber materials makes them essential in various manufacturing processes, providing durability and reliability in demanding environments. As industrial operations scale up and technologies evolve, the demand for high-performance rubber compounds that can withstand wear and tear while offering chemical resistance is growing. The emphasis on automation and efficiency in manufacturing processes is also driving the need for specialized rubber products that enhance operational effectiveness, thereby contributing to the market's expansion.

Construction:

In the construction sector, rubber compounds are utilized for their flexibility, resilience, and ability to withstand environmental challenges. Applications include seals, gaskets, and flooring materials, where rubber's durability and water resistance are essential. With the global construction industry experiencing significant growth due to urbanization and infrastructure development, the demand for high-quality rubber compounds is increasing. Additionally, the rise in green building initiatives is encouraging the use of eco-friendly rubber materials, fostering innovation within the industry to meet sustainable construction goals. The construction application of rubber compounds is expected to continue its upward trajectory as new projects emerge worldwide.

Electrical & Electronics:

Rubber compounds play a crucial role in the electrical and electronics industries, where their insulating properties and flexibility are highly valued. Used in cable insulation, connectors, and various electronic components, rubber compounds ensure safety and reliability in electrical applications. As technology advances, there is a growing demand for rubber materials that can withstand higher temperatures and provide better insulation, prompting manufacturers to develop specialized formulations. The increasing reliance on electronic devices and the ongoing expansion of the telecommunications sector will continue to drive the demand for rubber compounds in this application, presenting manufacturers with new opportunities for growth.

Healthcare:

In the healthcare sector, rubber compounds are vital for producing medical devices, such as syringes, surgical gloves, and implants. The biocompatibility of certain rubber materials is crucial in ensuring patient safety, making this application an essential aspect of the industry. The global healthcare market's expansion, fueled by technological advancements and an aging population, is boosting the demand for high-quality rubber compounds that meet stringent regulatory requirements. Additionally, the growing trend toward minimally invasive procedures necessitates the development of specialized rubber materials that provide flexibility and resilience during surgical applications. Consequently, the healthcare application of rubber compounds is poised for considerable growth in the coming years.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales represent a significant distribution channel for rubber compounds, allowing manufacturers to establish direct relationships with their customers. This channel enables companies to gain deeper insights into customer needs and preferences, facilitating tailored solutions that cater to specific applications. The benefits of direct sales also include better control over pricing and inventory management, which can enhance profitability for manufacturers. Furthermore, as industries increasingly prioritize customization and responsive service, the reliance on direct sales channels is likely to grow, enabling companies to maintain competitive advantages and foster long-term customer relationships.

Distributor Sales:

Distributor sales are another vital channel for rubber compounds, providing manufacturers with access to a broader market reach. Distributors often have established networks, allowing them to effectively promote and sell rubber products across various industries. This distribution method can be particularly advantageous for smaller manufacturers that may not have the resources to develop extensive sales operations on their own. Additionally, distributors can provide valuable market insights and assist manufacturers in identifying emerging trends and customer needs. As the rubber compound market continues to expand, distributor sales are expected to play a crucial role in connecting manufacturers with end-users across diverse sectors.

Online Retail:

The rise of digital platforms has transformed the distribution landscape for rubber compounds, with online retail becoming an increasingly popular channel. E-commerce allows manufacturers to reach a global audience and streamline their sales processes, significantly reducing overhead costs associated with traditional retail methods. Online retail also offers convenience for customers, enabling them to easily compare products, access a wide range of options, and make informed purchasing decisions. As more industries adopt digital transformation strategies, the online retail channel is set to grow, providing manufacturers with new opportunities to expand their market presence and enhance customer engagement.

By Ingredient Type

Carbon Black:

Carbon black is a crucial ingredient in rubber compounds, primarily used as a reinforcing agent to enhance the strength and durability of rubber products. Its ability to improve abrasion resistance and extend the lifespan of rubber materials makes it an essential component, particularly in the automotive and industrial sectors. The demand for carbon black in rubber formulations is closely tied to the growth of these industries, as manufacturers seek to enhance product performance. Additionally, evolving environmental regulations may encourage the use of alternative reinforcing agents, prompting manufacturers to explore sustainable options while maintaining the performance characteristics of carbon black.

Antioxidants:

Antioxidants are vital ingredients in rubber compounds that prevent oxidative degradation and enhance the longevity of rubber products. By inhibiting the effects of heat, light, and ozone, antioxidants help maintain the performance and appearance of rubber materials over time. The increasing awareness of product durability and performance in various applications is driving the demand for high-quality antioxidants in rubber formulations. As industries continue to prioritize sustainability and product lifecycle management, manufacturers are investing in innovative antioxidant technologies to meet evolving market demands and improve the performance of rubber compounds in diverse applications.

Vulcanizing Agents:

Vulcanizing agents are essential for the cross-linking process in rubber compounds, enhancing their mechanical properties and heat resistance. The vulcanization process transforms raw rubber into a durable and elastic material, making it suitable for various applications, particularly in automotive and industrial manufacturing. The demand for vulcanizing agents is closely linked to the growth of these sectors, as manufacturers seek to optimize the performance of their rubber products. As technology advances and manufacturers increasingly focus on developing high-performance rubber compounds, the market for vulcanizing agents is expected to witness steady growth, driven by innovations in formulation and processing techniques.

Plasticizers:

Plasticizers are added to rubber compounds to increase flexibility and workability, making them essential for applications that require a soft and pliable material. The demand for plasticizers in rubber formulations is primarily driven by the automotive and construction industries, where flexibility and ease of processing are crucial. As manufacturers seek to improve the performance and processing characteristics of rubber compounds, the use of innovative plasticizers that enhance longevity and reduce environmental impact is on the rise. The growing emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendly materials is expected to influence the plasticizers market, prompting manufacturers to explore novel solutions that align with these trends.

Fillers:

Fillers are commonly used in rubber compounds to enhance properties such as stiffness, strength, and cost-effectiveness. The inclusion of fillers allows manufacturers to optimize rubber formulations for specific applications while reducing production costs. The demand for fillers is closely tied to the growth of diverse sectors, including automotive, construction, and industrial manufacturing, where performance and cost efficiency are paramount. As manufacturers continue to innovate and develop high-performance rubber compounds, the role of fillers will remain significant, with a growing focus on sustainable and environmentally friendly options in response to increasing regulatory requirements.

By Region

The rubber compound market is experiencing varied growth across different regions, with the Asia Pacific emerging as a dominant player. The region is projected to account for over 40% of the total market share due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and a robust automotive sector. Countries like China and India are witnessing substantial growth in manufacturing activities, contributing to increased demand for rubber compounds in various applications. The region is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% over the forecast period, driven by the rising demand for automotive and industrial products that utilize rubber compounds. The focus on sustainable manufacturing practices will further propel the market, with manufacturers exploring eco-friendly rubber materials to meet the evolving needs of consumers and regulatory bodies.

In North America and Europe, the rubber compound market is also witnessing steady growth, primarily driven by the automotive and healthcare sectors. North America is anticipated to hold a significant share of the market, with a projected CAGR of 4.5% during the forecast period. The presence of major automotive manufacturers and a well-established healthcare infrastructure support the growth of rubber compounds in these regions. The European market is also expected to expand, driven by advancements in rubber technology and a growing emphasis on sustainability in manufacturing processes. As industries evolve and adopt innovative materials, the demand for high-performance rubber compounds is likely to increase, providing ample opportunities for manufacturers and suppliers alike.

Opportunities

The rubber compound market presents numerous opportunities for growth and innovation, particularly in emerging sectors such as electric vehicles and sustainable construction. As the automotive industry shifts towards electric and hybrid vehicles, there is a growing demand for specialized rubber compounds that can meet the specific performance requirements of these vehicles. This shift not only presents opportunities for rubber compound manufacturers to develop new formulations but also encourages collaborations with automotive manufacturers to create customized solutions that enhance vehicle efficiency and safety. Additionally, the increasing emphasis on reducing carbon footprints and promoting eco-friendly materials in construction projects offers manufacturers a chance to innovate with sustainable rubber compounds, catering to the growing market for green building materials.

Another significant opportunity lies in technological advancements and research and development within the rubber industry. As manufacturers invest in developing high-performance rubber compounds, they can explore novel formulations and processing techniques that enhance product performance and expand application areas. The integration of digital technologies and automation in production processes can also lead to improved efficiency and reduced costs, enabling manufacturers to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving market. Furthermore, the growing trend of digitalization in the supply chain and distribution channels offers opportunities for manufacturers to enhance customer engagement and reach new markets through online platforms, thereby driving growth in the rubber compound market.

Threats

The rubber compound market is not without its challenges, facing threats from fluctuating raw material prices and supply chain disruptions. The volatility in the prices of natural rubber and petroleum-based materials used in synthetic rubber can significantly impact manufacturing costs, leading to pricing pressures for manufacturers. Additionally, geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, and environmental regulations can disrupt supply chains, affecting the availability of raw materials and the overall market stability. As manufacturers strive to maintain competitive pricing and ensure a steady supply of rubber compounds, they must navigate these challenges effectively to protect their market position and profitability.

Another significant threat to the rubber compound market is the increasing competition from alternative materials. New technologies and innovations are leading to the development of advanced materials that can substitute traditional rubber compounds, particularly in applications such as automotive and industrial manufacturing. The rise of thermoplastic elastomers and bio-based materials poses a challenge for manufacturers of conventional rubber compounds, prompting them to innovate and adapt to changing market dynamics. To remain competitive, manufacturers must invest in research and development to enhance the performance characteristics of rubber compounds and explore new applications that can differentiate them from alternative materials that are gaining traction in the market.

Competitor Outlook

• Continental AG
• Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
• Trelleborg AB
• Bridgestone Corporation
• Dunlop Rubber Ltd.
• Pirelli & C. S.p.A.
• Hexpol AB
• Michelin Group
• Lanxess AG
• Wacker Chemie AG
• Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
• Hutchinson SA
• TSRC Corporation
• Elkem ASA
• Kraton Corporation

The competitive landscape of the rubber compound market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies striving to innovate and capture market share. Major companies such as Continental AG, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, and Bridgestone Corporation lead the market with their strong brand presence and extensive product portfolios. These companies invest heavily in research and development to enhance product performance and meet evolving customer needs. As the market trends toward sustainability, these major players are increasingly focusing on eco-friendly rubber formulations and sustainable manufacturing practices, aligning themselves with the growing demand for greener products.

Emerging players like Kraton Corporation and TSRC Corporation are also making their mark in the rubber compound market, focusing on specialized applications and innovative formulations. These companies often leverage cutting-edge technology and flexible production capabilities to respond quickly to market demands. Collaborations and partnerships between established players and smaller companies are becoming more common, with larger companies seeking to incorporate innovative solutions and sustainable practices from their partners. This collaborative approach fosters a more dynamic and competitive market landscape, where companies are continuously exploring new opportunities to differentiate their offerings and enhance their market position.

In addition to innovation, companies in the rubber compound market must also navigate regulatory challenges and environmental concerns. Stricter regulations regarding emissions and waste management are pushing manufacturers to adopt sustainable practices. Many companies are investing in developing eco-friendly materials and reducing their carbon footprints, which not only aligns with regulatory requirements but also meets the growing consumer demand for sustainable products. As the market continues to evolve, companies that prioritize sustainability and technological innovation are likely to gain a competitive edge, positioning themselves as leaders in the rubber compound sector.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Elkem ASA
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Hexpol AB
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Lanxess AG
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Hutchinson SA
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Trelleborg AB
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Continental AG
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Michelin Group
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 TSRC Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Wacker Chemie AG
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Dunlop Rubber Ltd.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Kraton Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Pirelli & C. S.p.A.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Bridgestone Corporation
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Rubber Compound Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Automotive
    • 6.1.2 Industrial Manufacturing
    • 6.1.3 Construction
    • 6.1.4 Electrical & Electronics
    • 6.1.5 Healthcare
  • 6.2 Rubber Compound Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Natural Rubber Compound
    • 6.2.2 Synthetic Rubber Compound
    • 6.2.3 Thermoplastic Rubber Compound
    • 6.2.4 Liquid Silicone Rubber Compound
    • 6.2.5 Fluoroelastomer Compound
  • 6.3 Rubber Compound Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Carbon Black
    • 6.3.2 Antioxidants
    • 6.3.3 Vulcanizing Agents
    • 6.3.4 Plasticizers
    • 6.3.5 Fillers
  • 6.4 Rubber Compound Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributor Sales
    • 6.4.3 Online Retail

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Rubber Compound Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Rubber Compound market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Natural Rubber Compound
• Synthetic Rubber Compound
• Thermoplastic Rubber Compound
• Liquid Silicone Rubber Compound
• Fluoroelastomer Compound

By Application

• Automotive
• Industrial Manufacturing
• Construction
• Electrical & Electronics
• Healthcare

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributor Sales
• Online Retail

By Ingredient Type

• Carbon Black
• Antioxidants
• Vulcanizing Agents
• Plasticizers
• Fillers

By Region

• Asia Pacific
• North America
• Europe
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Continental AG
• Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
• Trelleborg AB
• Bridgestone Corporation
• Dunlop Rubber Ltd.
• Pirelli & C. S.p.A.
• Hexpol AB
• Michelin Group
• Lanxess AG
• Wacker Chemie AG
• Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
• Hutchinson SA
• TSRC Corporation
• Elkem ASA
• Kraton Corporation