Recycled Metals Sales

Recycled Metals Sales Market Outlook

The global recycled metals market is projected to reach approximately USD 150 billion by 2035, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 7% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The growth of this market can be attributed to multiple factors, including the increasing demand for sustainable practices within various industries, rising awareness about environmental conservation, and stringent regulations regarding waste management. Furthermore, the continuous need for raw materials in manufacturing processes has heightened the demand for recycled metals, as they offer cost-effective and eco-friendly alternatives. With a growing emphasis on circular economy principles, industries are progressively integrating recycled metals into their supply chains, which bodes well for the market's expansion. Moreover, advancements in recycling technologies are enhancing the efficiency and quality of recycled metals, increasing their competitiveness against virgin materials.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the significant growth factors for the recycled metals market is the rising global focus on sustainability and environmental responsibility. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints and reliance on non-renewable resources, stakeholders are increasingly investing in recycling initiatives that promote the recovery of metals from waste materials. This trend is fueled by initiatives from governments and regulatory bodies, which have implemented stringent policies to encourage recycling and reduce landfill waste. Additionally, the fluctuating prices of raw metals have propelled several industries to turn towards recycled alternatives to stabilize their production costs. The growing automotive and construction sectors are also fueling demand, as both industries extensively utilize metals and are gradually shifting towards recycled sources to meet their sustainability goals. Lastly, advancements in recycling technologies, which improve the efficiency of metal recovery processes and enhance the quality of recycled products, are further driving market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global recycled metals market is projected to reach USD 150 billion by 2035.
• North America and Europe are expected to hold significant market shares, driven by stringent regulations and technological advancements.
• Ferrous metals are anticipated to dominate the product type segment due to their widespread use in construction and manufacturing.
• Online stores are emerging as a popular distribution channel, facilitating easier access to recycled metals for consumers.
• Technological advancements in recycling processes are improving the efficiency and quality of recycled metals.

By Product Type

Ferrous Metals:

Ferrous metals, which include iron, steel, and alloys, represent the largest segment of the recycled metals market, largely due to their extensive use in construction, automotive, and manufacturing industries. The high demand for steel in various construction projects and infrastructure developments makes ferrous metals a critical component of the market. Steel recycling processes are well-established, leading to a significant reduction in production costs and energy consumption compared to processing virgin iron ore. Furthermore, as global infrastructure projects continue to rise, the demand for recycled ferrous metals is expected to grow, driven by their cost-effectiveness and sustainability benefits. Additionally, initiatives aimed at increasing the recycling rate of ferrous metals are further bolstering this segment's growth, as industries seek to align with regulatory standards and sustainable practices.

Non-Ferrous Metals:

Non-ferrous metals comprise a variety of materials, including aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, and nickel, which are renowned for their resistance to corrosion and lightweight properties. This segment is witnessing significant growth in the recycled metals market, primarily due to the escalating demand for non-ferrous metals in the automotive and electronics industries. As manufacturers shift towards lighter materials to enhance fuel efficiency in vehicles and to meet technological advancements in electronics, the recycling of non-ferrous metals is becoming increasingly vital. The recycling processes for these metals are also improving, allowing for higher recovery rates and better-quality end products. As such, the non-ferrous metals segment is poised for substantial growth, particularly in regions with strong automotive and electronics manufacturing sectors.

Precious Metals:

Precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, while making up a smaller segment of the recycled metals market, hold significant value due to their applications in jewelry, electronics, and financial sectors. The increasing price of precious metals has heightened the interest in recycling initiatives aimed at recovering these valuable materials from electronic waste and other sources. The electronics industry has become a major driver for the recycling of precious metals, as devices such as smartphones and computers contain small amounts of these metals, which can be extracted efficiently through advanced recycling technologies. Furthermore, the growing awareness of the environmental impact associated with mining and the importance of responsible sourcing is propelling the market for recycled precious metals, as consumers and manufacturers alike prioritize sustainability and ethical practices.

Aluminum:

Aluminum recycling is another crucial component of the recycled metals market, given aluminum's lightweight nature and versatility. This metal is extensively used in packaging, transportation, and construction, making it a sought-after material in various industries. The recycling of aluminum is particularly advantageous due to its energy efficiency; recycling aluminum saves up to 95% of the energy required to produce new aluminum from ore. This significant energy saving, coupled with environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, has made aluminum recycling a highly attractive option for manufacturers. As consumer demand for sustainable packaging grows, particularly in the beverage industry, the market for recycled aluminum is expected to expand rapidly, driven by both regulatory pressure and consumer preferences for environmentally friendly products.

Copper:

Copper is a widely used non-ferrous metal with extensive applications in electrical wiring, plumbing, and electronics, making it an essential contributor to the recycled metals market. The demand for copper continues to rise, driven by the growth of renewable energy technologies, electric vehicles, and the increasing wiring needs associated with smart technologies. Recycling copper is notably efficient as it retains its properties after multiple recycling processes, allowing manufacturers to produce high-quality products from recycled sources. Additionally, the rising prices of copper have made recycling even more economically viable, encouraging industries to prioritize the recovery of copper from scrap. As the transition towards a circular economy intensifies, the copper recycling sector is expected to experience significant growth, with innovations in recovery technologies further enhancing the overall efficiency of the process.

By Application

Construction:

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of recycled metals, particularly ferrous metals, due to the essential role they play in infrastructure development. Recycled steel and aluminum are frequently used in the building of structures, bridges, and other architectural projects, as they provide strength and durability at a lower cost compared to virgin materials. Additionally, with growing concerns over environmental impacts, many construction firms are adopting sustainable practices and incorporating recycled metals into their projects to meet green building standards. The trend towards sustainable construction practices is expected to bolster the demand for recycled metals in this sector, especially as governments implement regulations to promote recycling and reduce waste in construction projects. Furthermore, the integration of recycled metals in construction also contributes to LEED certification, further incentivizing builders to utilize recycled materials.

Automotive:

The automotive industry plays a significant role in driving the demand for recycled metals, particularly ferrous and non-ferrous metals like aluminum and copper. As automakers strive to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, the use of lightweight materials, such as recycled aluminum, is becoming increasingly popular. The industry's focus on sustainability has led to a greater emphasis on using recycled materials in vehicle manufacturing, resulting in cost savings and a lower environmental impact. Moreover, end-of-life vehicles are a substantial source of recycled metals, as manufacturers and recyclers work together to recover valuable materials from discarded cars. As the automotive sector continues to innovate and adopt greener practices, the reliance on recycled metals is expected to grow, thereby fueling market expansion.

Electronics:

The electronics sector is another major application area for recycled metals, particularly precious and non-ferrous metals like copper and aluminum. With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing demand for electronic devices, e-waste has become a significant concern for both manufacturers and consumers. The recycling of metals from electronic waste not only helps recover valuable materials but also mitigates the environmental issues associated with improper disposal. As public awareness regarding e-waste management rises, there is a growing push for manufacturers to adopt circular economy practices that incorporate recycled metals in the production of new devices. This ongoing trend is expected to drive substantial growth in the recycled metals market within the electronics application segment, especially as new technologies and methods for efficient recovery continue to emerge.

Packaging:

The packaging industry is increasingly turning to recycled metals to meet the rising demand for sustainable packaging solutions. Aluminum and steel are commonly used in food and beverage packaging, and the recyclability of these materials makes them an attractive choice for manufacturers aiming to reduce their environmental impact. With consumers becoming more environmentally conscious, there is a growing preference for products packaged in recycled materials, prompting companies to prioritize the use of recycled metals in their packaging solutions. Additionally, regulations aimed at reducing single-use plastics are driving companies towards more sustainable alternatives, including metals. As a result, the demand for recycled metals in packaging is expected to increase significantly, as manufacturers seek to comply with consumer expectations and regulatory guidelines.

Industrial Machinery:

The industrial machinery sector is also a key consumer of recycled metals, with ferrous and non-ferrous metals being extensively used in manufacturing equipment and machinery. The emphasis on cost efficiency and sustainability in industrial processes has led companies to source recycled metals as a viable alternative to virgin materials. The benefits of using recycled metals include reduced production costs, lower energy consumption, and a smaller carbon footprint, making them attractive options for industrial applications. As industries increasingly recognize the advantages of integrating recycled materials into their operations, the demand for recycled metals in industrial machinery is poised for growth. Furthermore, technological advancements in recycling processes will ensure a stable supply of high-quality materials, further bolstering market prospects in this segment.

By Distribution Channel

Online Stores:

Online stores have emerged as a significant distribution channel for recycled metals, providing convenience and accessibility for customers. The rise of e-commerce has transformed traditional purchasing methods, allowing buyers to explore various suppliers and compare prices without geographical limitations. This increased accessibility has encouraged more businesses and consumers to consider purchasing recycled metals, facilitating market growth. Online platforms often feature detailed product information, including certifications that verify the sustainability of the materials, reassuring buyers about the quality and eco-friendliness of their purchases. As digital transformation continues to reshape the retail landscape, the online distribution channel is expected to become even more prominent in the recycled metals market.

Scrap Yards:

Scrap yards have traditionally played a critical role in the recycled metals market, serving as collection points for discarded metal materials. These facilities are essential for the initial stages of the recycling process, where metals are sorted, processed, and prepared for re-entry into the supply chain. The accessibility of scrap yards allows individuals and businesses to recycle metals easily, contributing to the overall growth of recycled metal supply. Moreover, as urbanization accelerates, the accumulation of scrap metals is increasing, making scrap yards a crucial source of recycled metals for various industries. The continued investment in improving the efficiency and capabilities of scrap yards is expected to further enhance their role within the market.

Industrial Distributors:

Industrial distributors are vital intermediaries in the recycled metals market, helping connect manufacturers and end-users. These distributors typically have established networks and expertise in handling recycled materials, making them valuable partners for companies seeking to incorporate recycled metals into their production processes. With a focus on cost efficiency and sustainability, many industrial distributors are expanding their offerings to include a wide range of recycled metals. This trend is particularly pronounced as companies increasingly prioritize sourcing sustainable materials to meet corporate social responsibility goals. As the demand for recycled metals grows, industrial distributors will continue to play a key role in facilitating access to these materials, particularly for industries heavily reliant on metal components.

Direct Sales:

Direct sales of recycled metals occur when suppliers sell their products directly to manufacturers, bypassing intermediaries. This distribution channel allows for more control over pricing and product quality, enabling suppliers to tailor their offerings to meet specific customer needs. Manufacturers often prefer direct purchases as it streamlines the procurement process and fosters closer relationships with suppliers. Additionally, direct sales channels provide transparency in sourcing, which is crucial for companies looking to enhance their sustainability credentials. As the recycled metals market continues to expand, direct sales are expected to play a growing role, particularly as companies prioritize establishing partnerships with reliable suppliers who can provide consistent quality and supply.

By Region

The recycled metals market is experiencing robust growth across various regions, with North America and Europe leading the way. North America is projected to account for approximately 30% of the global market share by 2035, driven by stringent regulations promoting recycling and waste management, coupled with the growing emphasis on sustainable practices across industries. The region's well-established infrastructure for recycling and advanced technologies also contribute to its significant market presence. Furthermore, the continuous demand from the construction and automotive sectors in the U.S. is anticipated to bolster the growth of recycled metals through to 2035, with a CAGR of around 7%. Meanwhile, Europe follows closely, where a combination of government initiatives, consumer awareness, and technological advancements is driving the adoption of recycled metals across various industries.

In the Asia Pacific region, the recycled metals market is also set to witness considerable growth, with projections indicating a share of about 25% by 2035. This growth can be attributed to the rapid industrialization and urbanization occurring in countries such as China and India, leading to an increase in metal consumption and subsequent recycling efforts. Additionally, the region's rising middle class and corresponding consumer demand for electronic products are contributing to the generation of e-waste, which is a significant source of recycled metals. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are relatively smaller markets, with shares of around 15% and 10%, respectively, but are expected to grow as awareness around sustainability and recycling initiatives increases. As these regions continue to develop their recycling infrastructures, the overall market for recycled metals is poised for expansion.

Opportunities

The recycled metals market presents numerous opportunities, particularly in the context of emerging technologies and innovations in recycling processes. Advances in recycling technologies, such as improved sorting and processing methods, are enhancing the efficiency and quality of recycled metals, making them increasingly competitive with virgin materials. As industries and manufacturers adopt these technologies, they can significantly reduce their energy consumption and environmental impact, leading to a greater reliance on recycled metals. Additionally, the growth of the electric vehicle market, driven by the global shift towards sustainable transportation, is creating substantial demand for recycled metals like aluminum and copper, further bolstering market opportunities. With governments and organizations increasingly supporting initiatives that promote recycling and sustainability, the potential for growth in the recycled metals market is promising.

Moreover, the expanding global focus on circular economy principles creates significant opportunities for the recycled metals market. As companies look to minimize waste and emphasize resource recovery, there is an increased emphasis on using recycled materials in manufacturing processes. This shift presents a unique opportunity for recycled metals suppliers to collaborate with industries aiming to enhance their sustainability practices. Additionally, the growing consumer demand for responsibly sourced products is pushing brands to prioritize recycled materials in their operations. Consequently, companies that invest in developing sustainable practices and promoting the benefits of recycled metals are likely to capture market share and drive growth in the coming years.

Threats

Despite the promising outlook for the recycled metals market, several threats could hinder growth. One of the primary concerns is the volatility of metal prices, which can significantly impact the profitability of recycling initiatives. Fluctuating prices for both recycled and virgin metals can create uncertainty for businesses, leading them to hesitate in committing to recycled materials. Additionally, the economic cycles of various industries profoundly influence demand for recycled metals; during economic downturns, the reliance on recycled materials might diminish as manufacturers opt for cheaper alternatives. Moreover, the emergence of counterfeit products and substandard recycled metals could undermine consumer confidence, affecting the reputation of the market as a whole. To mitigate these threats, industry stakeholders must prioritize transparency, quality assurance, and investment in research and development to stay competitive in a fluctuating landscape.

Another critical restrainer impacting the recycled metals market is the lack of adequate recycling infrastructure in certain regions, particularly in developing countries. Inadequate collection and processing facilities limit the availability of recycled metals and discourage businesses from investing in recycling initiatives. Furthermore, the absence of regulatory frameworks to promote recycling can hinder market growth, as there may be insufficient incentives for businesses to adopt sustainable practices. Education and awareness campaigns are essential in these regions to encourage responsible waste management and the benefits of recycling. To overcome this challenge, stakeholders must collaborate with governments, non-profits, and local communities to build robust recycling infrastructures and promote sustainable initiatives that enhance the overall recycling landscape.

Competitor Outlook

• Hindalco Industries Ltd.
• Novelis Inc.
• Alcoa Corporation
• Steel Dynamics Inc.
• Commercial Metals Company
• OmniSource Corporation
• ArcelorMittal S.A.
• Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd.
• Davidson Metals, Inc.
• Metalico, Inc.
• US Metal Recycling Inc.
• SA Recycling
• North Star BlueScope Steel
• EMR (European Metal Recycling Ltd.)
• Gerdau S.A.

The competitive landscape of the recycled metals market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies, each striving to capture market share through innovation and sustainability initiatives. Key players such as Novelis Inc. and Alcoa Corporation dominate the aluminum recycling segment, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance recycling efficiency and lower production costs. These companies have invested heavily in state-of-the-art recycling facilities that not only improve recovery rates but also integrate sustainable practices into their operations. Additionally, firms like Steel Dynamics Inc. and Commercial Metals Company focus on ferrous metals, employing innovative processes to maximize the use of recycled materials in their manufacturing processes. The competition among these players drives continuous improvement in technology and practices, fostering further growth in the market.

Another significant competitive aspect is the increasing emphasis on sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Companies like Hindalco Industries and Gerdau S.A. are actively promoting their efforts in reducing carbon footprints and utilizing recycled materials, appealing to environmentally conscious consumers and businesses alike. These initiatives not only enhance brand reputation but also contribute to long-term growth by aligning with global sustainability trends. Moreover, as regulatory frameworks become stricter around waste management and recycling, organizations prioritizing compliance and sustainability will likely gain a competitive edge over those that do not. The focus on innovation and sustainability will continue to shape the competitive dynamics of the recycled metals market, prompting companies to explore new business models and partnerships to navigate these challenges effectively.

As the recycled metals market evolves, collaboration and strategic partnerships will also play a crucial role in determining success. Companies that establish strong relationships with suppliers, customers, and industry stakeholders are better positioned to adapt to market changes and seize emerging opportunities. Collaborative initiatives, such as joint recycling ventures or shared technological advancements, can enhance overall operational efficiencies and resource utilization. For example, partnerships between recyclers and manufacturers can facilitate the seamless integration of recycled materials into production processes, ensuring a steady supply of high-quality recycled metals. As the market continues to grow and mature, companies that prioritize collaboration and innovation will be well-equipped to navigate the complexities of the recycled metals landscape.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Gerdau S.A.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Novelis Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 SA Recycling
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Metalico, Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Alcoa Corporation
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 ArcelorMittal S.A.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Steel Dynamics Inc.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Davidson Metals, Inc.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 OmniSource Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 US Metal Recycling Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Hindalco Industries Ltd.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Commercial Metals Company
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 North Star BlueScope Steel
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 EMR (European Metal Recycling Ltd.)
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Recycled Metals Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Construction
    • 6.1.2 Automotive
    • 6.1.3 Electronics
    • 6.1.4 Packaging
    • 6.1.5 Industrial Machinery
  • 6.2 Recycled Metals Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Ferrous Metals
    • 6.2.2 Non-Ferrous Metals
    • 6.2.3 Precious Metals
    • 6.2.4 Aluminum
    • 6.2.5 Copper
  • 6.3 Recycled Metals Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Online Stores
    • 6.3.2 Scrap Yards
    • 6.3.3 Industrial Distributors
    • 6.3.4 Direct Sales

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Recycled Metals Sales Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Recycled Metals Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Ferrous Metals
• Non-Ferrous Metals
• Precious Metals
• Aluminum
• Copper

By Application

• Construction
• Automotive
• Electronics
• Packaging
• Industrial Machinery

By Distribution Channel

• Online Stores
• Scrap Yards
• Industrial Distributors
• Direct Sales

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Hindalco Industries Ltd.
• Novelis Inc.
• Alcoa Corporation
• Steel Dynamics Inc.
• Commercial Metals Company
• OmniSource Corporation
• ArcelorMittal S.A.
• Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd.
• Davidson Metals, Inc.
• Metalico, Inc.
• US Metal Recycling Inc.
• SA Recycling
• North Star BlueScope Steel
• EMR (European Metal Recycling Ltd.)
• Gerdau S.A.