Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Market Outlook

The global market for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (PGME) is projected to reach approximately USD 1.8 billion by 2033, exhibiting a robust CAGR of around 6.5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth in the PGME market can be attributed to its extensive applications across various industries, including paints and coatings, pharmaceuticals, and electronics, driving demand for high-performance solvents and additives. Moreover, the rising demand for environmentally friendly and low-VOC products has further bolstered the market, as PGME is known for its favorable properties that comply with stringent environmental regulations. The increasing trend towards urbanization and industrialization, particularly in emerging economies, also presents a significant opportunity for market expansion. Additionally, the growing awareness regarding the properties of PGME as a versatile solvent enhances its adoption in various formulations.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market is primarily driven by its multifunctional characteristics, which make it an ideal solvent for a diverse range of applications. As industries strive for efficiency and sustainability, PGME’s low toxicity and excellent solubility properties are becoming increasingly favorable, allowing for its usage in sensitive applications such as pharmaceuticals and food processing. Furthermore, the rising demand for high-quality paints and coatings, particularly in the architectural and automotive sectors, has resulted in an increased focus on PGME as a solvent that enhances the performance of these products. The increasing consumer inclination toward eco-friendly and sustainable products also propels the market, with PGME being a viable alternative to more harmful solvents. Moreover, advancements in manufacturing technology have enabled the production of PGME in more efficient and cost-effective ways, further stimulating market growth. Lastly, the expansion of the electronic industry, with a focus on cleaner and safer chemical applications, has also contributed to the growth of PGME.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Strong demand from the paints and coatings sector is driving the PGME market.
• Increasing awareness regarding environmentally friendly solvents enhances market growth.
• Growing pharmaceuticals and electronics industries support PGME adoption.
• Technological advancements enable cost-effective production of PGME.
• Emerging markets present significant growth opportunities for PGME applications.

By Product Type

Industrial Grade:

The industrial grade segment of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is witnessing substantial growth due to its widespread application in various industrial processes. This grade is particularly favored for its excellent solvency properties, making it an ideal choice for production processes in sectors such as coatings, adhesives, and cleaning agents. Additionally, its ability to act as a carrier for active ingredients enhances its utility in formulations, increasing demand in industries focused on efficiency and performance. Furthermore, the industrial grade PGME exhibits low volatility and high boiling points, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. Consequently, this product type is projected to continue expanding steadily in the coming years as industries increasingly prioritize high-performance materials that can deliver optimal results.

Pharmaceutical Grade:

The pharmaceutical grade of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is critical for the healthcare sector, where purity and safety are paramount. This grade is primarily utilized as a solvent for drug formulations, helping to dissolve various active ingredients in liquid preparations. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the consequent rise in demand for pharmaceuticals enhance the adoption of pharmaceutical-grade PGME. Moreover, due to its low toxicity and suitability for sensitive applications, it is widely used in topical formulations and injectables. Additionally, stringent regulatory standards in the pharmaceutical industry necessitate the use of high-quality ingredients, which further drives the demand for pharmaceutical-grade PGME. As the pharmaceutical market continues to expand globally, this segment is expected to witness significant growth in the upcoming years.

Electronic Grade:

The electronic grade of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is gaining traction primarily due to its use in the electronics industry, particularly in the manufacturing of semiconductors and circuit boards. This grade is favored for its excellent dielectric properties and ability to act as a solvent in photoresist formulations. Additionally, its low surface tension and excellent wetting characteristics enhance performance in various applications, including cleaning and packaging materials. As the demand for advanced electronic devices grows, especially in sectors such as consumer electronics and telecommunications, the electronic grade PGME is set to play a crucial role in producing high-quality electronic components. Continued innovation and expansion in the electronics sector will drive the growth of this product type in the foreseeable future.

Food Grade:

The food grade segment of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is essential in the food and beverage industry, where it is utilized as a solvent and flavoring agent. This grade meets strict safety standards for use in food applications, making it a preferred choice for manufacturers seeking to create high-quality, compliant products. Its ability to dissolve a wide range of flavors and colors enhances its appeal to food producers aiming for vibrant and palatable offerings. Additionally, the increasing trend towards clean label products and natural ingredients is pushing manufacturers to find safer alternatives for solvents in food applications, thereby boosting the demand for food-grade PGME. As consumer preferences continue to shift towards healthier and more transparent food options, this segment is poised for considerable growth.

Others:

The 'Others' category for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether encompasses various specialized grades and formulations that cater to niche markets. This may include custom blends tailored for specific applications or industries not covered by the primary categories. The versatility of PGME allows it to be modified to meet the unique requirements of different sectors, thus driving innovation within this segment. Moreover, as markets evolve and new applications for PGME are discovered, this segment is likely to see increased focus and investment. The ability to adapt PGME to meet emerging industry needs further highlights its significance and potential for future growth.

By Application

Paints & Coatings:

The paints and coatings application segment is a major driving force behind the demand for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether. PGME is widely utilized as a solvent in various formulations, including architectural paints, industrial coatings, and automotive finishes. Its excellent solvency properties and low odor make it an ideal choice for manufacturers looking to produce high-quality coatings that comply with environmental regulations. Moreover, PGME helps enhance the flow and leveling of paints, improving the overall finish and performance. The ongoing expansion of the construction and automotive industries continues to push the demand for effective and efficient coatings, thereby supporting the growth of PGME in this application segment.

Cleaners:

In the cleaners application segment, Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether serves as an important component in formulating effective cleaning agents. Its ability to dissolve a wide range of dirt and stains makes it a preferred solvent in both household and industrial cleaning products. The increasing consumer awareness regarding hygiene and cleanliness, especially in light of recent global health concerns, has resulted in a surge in demand for effective cleaning solutions that utilize high-quality ingredients like PGME. Moreover, the trend towards eco-friendly and biodegradable cleaning products is driving manufacturers to seek safer alternatives to traditional solvents, further enhancing the appeal of PGME in cleaning formulations. As both consumer and industrial cleaning markets expand, PGME will continue to play a crucial role in developing effective cleaning agents.

Pharmaceuticals:

The pharmaceuticals application segment is increasingly reliant on Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether due to its role as a solvent and carrier for active pharmaceutical ingredients. PGME is commonly used in oral, topical, and injectable formulations, where it helps to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of drug compounds. The growing aging population and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide are contributing to the increased demand for pharmaceutical products, driving the need for effective solvents like PGME. Furthermore, as pharmaceutical companies prioritize patient safety and product efficacy, the use of high-quality ingredients becomes paramount, solidifying PGME’s position in this essential application segment.

Electronics:

In the electronics sector, Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is utilized primarily as a solvent in the manufacturing of electronic components, including circuit boards and semiconductors. Its low volatility and excellent solvency properties make it suitable for cleaning, thinning, and formulating photoresists used in the production of electronic devices. As the electronics industry continues to grow, propelled by advancements in technology and increasing consumer demand for electronic gadgets, the need for high-quality solvents like PGME will also rise. Additionally, the trend towards miniaturization and increased performance in electronic devices creates further opportunities for PGME in various applications, solidifying its role in the electronics market.

Others:

The 'Others' application segment includes a variety of specialized uses for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether that do not fit into the main categories mentioned earlier. This might encompass usages in niche industries such as personal care, textile, and agriculture, where PGME can serve as an effective solvent or additive in formulations. The versatility and adaptability of PGME allow it to meet the unique requirements of these specific applications, thus driving innovation and growth within this segment. As new applications emerge and industries seek out effective chemical solutions, PGME is well-positioned to contribute to advancements across multiple sectors.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

The direct sales channel for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether plays a critical role in establishing a strong connection between manufacturers and end-users. This approach allows manufacturers to tailor their offerings to meet specific customer needs, providing personalized service and support. Direct sales are particularly effective in industries such as pharmaceuticals and electronics, where customers often seek specialized products and formulations. Additionally, direct engagement can foster valuable feedback from users, enabling manufacturers to refine their products and services continuously. As industries become more competitive and customer-focused, the direct sales model is expected to gain traction, strengthening relationships and driving sales growth in the PGME market.

Distributors:

The distributor channel is a vital component of the Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market, as it enables manufacturers to reach a broader audience and efficiently deliver products to various sectors. Distributors often have established networks and relationships within specific industries, facilitating faster and more efficient product delivery. This channel is particularly advantageous for manufacturers looking to expand their market presence without investing heavily in logistics and supply chain management. Moreover, distributors often provide additional value-added services, such as technical support and product training, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. As the demand for PGME continues to grow, the role of distributors will be instrumental in ensuring that products reach the right markets in a timely and effective manner.

Online Retail:

The online retail channel is emerging as a significant distribution avenue for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, particularly in response to the changing landscape of consumer purchasing behavior. With the increasing reliance on e-commerce platforms, manufacturers and distributors are capitalizing on this trend by making PGME accessible through online channels. The convenience of online shopping allows customers to compare products, prices, and specifications easily, leading to more informed purchasing decisions. Additionally, online platforms often provide a wider range of options, enabling buyers to find specific grades or formulations of PGME that suit their needs. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the online retail channel is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in the distribution of PGME products.

By Ingredient Type

Propylene:

Propylene serves as a key ingredient in the formulation of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, contributing to its overall performance and utility across various applications. The use of propylene in PGME formulations enhances its solvency properties, making it an effective choice for industries such as paints, coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the availability of propylene as a raw material is augmented by advancements in production technologies, which enhance supply chain stability. As industries increasingly seek high-performance solvents, the demand for propylene in PGME formulations is expected to remain strong, driving growth in this ingredient type.

Glycol:

Glycol is another fundamental component of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, playing a crucial role in defining its properties and effectiveness. The inclusion of glycol in PGME enhances its solubility and stability, making it suitable for various formulations across multiple industries. This ingredient is particularly valued in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors, where the purity and safety of constituents are of utmost importance. As the demand for high-quality solvents continues to rise, the role of glycol in PGME formulations will further solidify, supporting growth in this ingredient type and ensuring compliance with stringent industry regulations.

Monomethyl Ether:

Monomethyl Ether is a key component of Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether that significantly influences its performance characteristics. The presence of the monomethyl ether group enhances the solvent's ability to dissolve various compounds, making it highly suitable for use in paints, coatings, and cleaning agents. Furthermore, this ingredient contributes to the low toxicity and favorable environmental profile of PGME, which is increasingly becoming a requirement across industries. As manufacturers prioritize the development of safer and more effective formulations, the demand for PGME containing Monomethyl Ether is expected to grow, reflecting the ongoing trends in sustainability and performance.

Others:

The 'Others' ingredient type category for Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether encompasses various specialized additives or components that may enhance specific properties of PGME. These can include surfactants, stabilizers, or other chemical modifiers that are tailored to meet the unique requirements of different applications. The flexibility and adaptability of PGME formulations allow manufacturers to create customized products that cater to niche markets or specialized applications. As innovation continues to drive the chemical industry, the 'Others' category is likely to see increasing attention, fueling growth and diversifying the applications of PGME.

By Region

The regional analysis of the Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market reveals significant variations in demand and application across different geographic areas. North America holds a prominent position in the PGME market, accounting for approximately 35% of the overall market share in 2023. This dominance can be attributed to the robust growth of the paints, coatings, and pharmaceuticals industries in the region. The presence of well-established manufacturing bases and a high level of consumer demand for eco-friendly products drive the growth of PGME in this region. North America is expected to maintain its leading position, with a projected CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2033.

In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to experience the highest growth rate in the PGME market, with a CAGR of 7.2% from 2025 to 2033. This surge is driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the expansion of key industries such as electronics, automotive, and construction. Countries such as China and India are at the forefront of this growth, with increasing investments in infrastructure development and manufacturing capabilities. The demand for high-quality solvents and additives, including PGME, will continue to rise as these countries enhance their production capabilities. Latin America and Europe are also expected to contribute significantly to the market, though at a slower pace, as they focus on sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations.

Opportunities

One of the primary opportunities for the Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market lies in the increasing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable products. With growing environmental awareness and the push for greener manufacturing practices, industries are seeking alternatives to traditional solvents that are harmful to the environment. PGME, known for its low toxicity and favorable environmental profile, positions itself as a viable option for manufacturers aiming to create environmentally friendly formulations. This trend is particularly evident in sectors like paints and coatings, where regulatory pressures are prompting companies to adopt safer and more sustainable raw materials. As more industries transition towards sustainability, PGME is poised to benefit significantly from this paradigm shift.

Another substantial opportunity exists in the expansion of the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. The global rise in chronic diseases and an aging population are driving the demand for innovative and effective pharmaceutical products. As a key solvent and carrier for active ingredients, Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether plays a fundamental role in drug formulation and delivery. Manufacturers are increasingly focused on enhancing the bioavailability and solubility of drugs, making PGME an essential component in the development of new therapies. Additionally, the ongoing investment in research and development within the pharmaceutical industry is likely to open new avenues for PGME applications, further driving growth within this segment.

Threats

The Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market faces several threats that could potentially impede growth. One significant challenge is the fluctuating prices of raw materials, particularly propylene and glycol. Volatility in the prices of these essential ingredients can lead to increased production costs for manufacturers, ultimately affecting profit margins and market competitiveness. Furthermore, as industries seek to optimize production processes and reduce costs, there may be a tendency to substitute PGME with cheaper alternatives that may not meet the same performance characteristics. Such substitutions can threaten PGME's market share as manufacturers explore cost-effective options that may compromise quality or compliance.

Another potential threat to the PGME market is the increasing scrutiny from regulatory bodies concerning chemical safety and environmental impacts. As regulations become more stringent, companies may face challenges in meeting compliance requirements, which can lead to increased operational costs and potential delays in product approvals. Moreover, the rise of alternative solvents that meet eco-friendly standards may pose a competitive threat, as manufacturers are encouraged to transition towards more sustainable options. Staying ahead of regulatory changes and adapting to evolving consumer preferences will be crucial for PGME producers to sustain their market position.

Competitor Outlook

• Eastman Chemical Company
• Huntsman Corporation
• Dow Chemical Company
• Solvay S.A.
• INNOSPEC Inc.
• Fuchs Petrolub SE
• Oxiteno S.A.
• Shell Chemical Company
• SKC Co., Ltd.
• Hexion Inc.
• Royal Dutch Shell plc
• Formosa Plastics Corporation
• Repsol S.A.
• LG Chem Ltd.
• Merck Group

The competitive landscape of the Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market is characterized by the presence of several key players that dominate various segments of the industry. These companies are actively engaged in strategic initiatives such as mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships to enhance their market presence and expand their product portfolios. Moreover, many leading manufacturers are increasingly investing in research and development to innovate and create high-performance formulations that cater to the evolving needs of end-users across diverse applications. The emphasis on sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations is also a focal point for these companies, driving them to adopt greener practices and offer eco-friendly alternatives.

Eastman Chemical Company is recognized as a significant player in the PGME market, leveraging its extensive expertise in specialty chemicals to develop innovative formulations. The company is committed to sustainability and is actively working on reducing the environmental impact of its products, ensuring that they comply with stringent regulations. Additionally, Eastman focuses on expanding its global footprint by tapping into emerging markets, capitalizing on the growing demand for high-quality solvents in various industries.

Another notable competitor is Huntsman Corporation, which is known for its diverse portfolio of chemical solutions. The company emphasizes the production of high-performance solvents and additives that meet the unique needs of its customers. Huntsman's commitment to sustainability is evident in its constant innovation and exploration of environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional solvents. This approach not only enhances the company's competitive edge but also positions it favorably in response to the increasing demand for sustainable solutions.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Hexion Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Merck Group
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Repsol S.A.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Solvay S.A.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 LG Chem Ltd.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Oxiteno S.A.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 INNOSPEC Inc.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 SKC Co., Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Fuchs Petrolub SE
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Dow Chemical Company
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Huntsman Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Royal Dutch Shell plc
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Shell Chemical Company
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Eastman Chemical Company
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Formosa Plastics Corporation
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Paints & Coatings
    • 6.1.2 Cleaners
    • 6.1.3 Pharmaceuticals
    • 6.1.4 Electronics
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Industrial Grade
    • 6.2.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
    • 6.2.3 Electronic Grade
    • 6.2.4 Food Grade
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Propylene
    • 6.3.2 Glycol
    • 6.3.3 Monomethyl Ether
    • 6.3.4 Others
  • 6.4 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributors
    • 6.4.3 Online Retail

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Industrial Grade
• Pharmaceutical Grade
• Electronic Grade
• Food Grade
• Others

By Application

• Paints & Coatings
• Cleaners
• Pharmaceuticals
• Electronics
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Retail

By Ingredient Type

• Propylene
• Glycol
• Monomethyl Ether
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Eastman Chemical Company
• Huntsman Corporation
• Dow Chemical Company
• Solvay S.A.
• INNOSPEC Inc.
• Fuchs Petrolub SE
• Oxiteno S.A.
• Shell Chemical Company
• SKC Co., Ltd.
• Hexion Inc.
• Royal Dutch Shell plc
• Formosa Plastics Corporation
• Repsol S.A.
• LG Chem Ltd.
• Merck Group