Polyamide Tire Cord

Polyamide Tire Cord Market Outlook

The global polyamide tire cord market is projected to reach USD 4.5 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 6.5% during the forecast period of 2025-2035. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the increasing demand for high-performance tires in the automotive industry, which require advanced materials for enhanced durability and safety. Furthermore, the rising focus on fuel efficiency and sustainability in vehicle manufacturing has fueled the adoption of lightweight materials, such as polyamide, in tire production. The expansion of the automotive sector in emerging economies, supported by rising disposable incomes and urbanization, is also a significant driver of this market. Additionally, technological advancements in manufacturing processes are enabling the production of more efficient and high-quality polyamide tire cords, further boosting market growth.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several growth factors are contributing to the robust expansion of the polyamide tire cord market. The increasing automobile production rates worldwide, particularly in Asia-Pacific regions, are vital as more vehicles on the road necessitate the use of durable and high-quality tire cords. Additionally, the shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles has created opportunities for the development of innovative tire technologies, which rely on advanced materials like polyamide. The growing emphasis on performance, safety, and longevity in tire manufacturing is driving manufacturers to incorporate polyamide tire cords into their products. Moreover, the increasing popularity of radial tires due to their superior performance characteristics over bias tires in terms of fuel efficiency and lower rolling resistance is also propelling the market. The ongoing infrastructural developments and an increase in logistics and transportation needs are additional factors driving the demand for polyamide tire cords in various applications.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global polyamide tire cord market is expected to reach USD 4.5 billion by 2035.
• Projected CAGR of approximately 6.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Strong demand for high-performance tires is propelling market growth.
• Emerging economies are witnessing a surge in automobile production rates.
• Technological advancements are enhancing the quality and efficiency of polyamide tire cords.

By Product Type

Dipped Nylon Tire Cord Fabric:

Dipped nylon tire cord fabric is a specialized type of polyamide cord that undergoes a dipping process to enhance adhesion properties and durability. This product type is highly favored in the tire manufacturing sector due to its excellent tensile strength and resistance to abrasion, making it suitable for high-performance tires. The dipping process allows for improved bonding between the nylon fibers and the rubber matrix in tires, leading to enhanced performance under varying driving conditions. As tire manufacturers continue to prioritize safety and efficiency, the demand for dipped nylon tire cord fabric is anticipated to grow, driven by technological advancements and increased production capacities.

Undipped Nylon Tire Cord Fabric:

Undipped nylon tire cord fabric is another key segment within the polyamide tire cord market. Unlike its dipped counterpart, this type does not undergo any chemical treatment, which can make it less expensive to produce. While it may lack some of the enhanced performance characteristics of dipped fabric, undipped nylon tire cord still provides substantial strength and flexibility, making it suitable for a variety of tire applications, particularly in less demanding environments. The affordability and availability of undipped nylon tire cord fabric make it a popular choice among manufacturers looking to balance cost with performance, ensuring its continued relevance in the market.

High Tenacity Nylon Tire Cord Fabric:

High tenacity nylon tire cord fabric is engineered to provide maximum strength and durability, making it ideal for demanding applications such as heavy-duty tires used in trucks and industrial vehicles. This type of tire cord fabric is designed to withstand high levels of stress and impact, offering enhanced performance and longevity. As the logistics and transportation sectors grow, the need for robust and reliable tire solutions has increased, driving demand for high tenacity nylon tire cord fabric. The superior performance characteristics of this product type position it as a key player in the ongoing evolution of tire manufacturing, catering to sectors that require exceptional durability.

Industrial Nylon Tire Cord Fabric:

Industrial nylon tire cord fabric is specifically designed for various industrial applications, including conveyor belts and hoses. This product type leverages the unique properties of nylon, such as resistance to wear and tear, to provide reliable solutions in industrial settings. The growth of industries such as construction, mining, and logistics is likely to propel the demand for industrial nylon tire cord fabric, as it plays a critical role in the functionality and efficiency of equipment. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on producing high-quality industrial nylon tire cord that meets the specific needs of diverse applications, ensuring robustness and durability in challenging operational environments.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses various specialized types of polyamide tire cords that cater to niche markets and specific applications. These may include experimental materials or newly developed formulations aimed at enhancing specific performance characteristics, such as lightweight designs or improved chemical resistance. As technology advances, the development of innovative tire cord solutions is expected to gain traction, leading to the emergence of new sub-segments within the polyamide tire cord market. These innovations will likely contribute to greater customization in tire manufacturing, responding to the evolving needs of consumers and the automotive industry.

By Application

Radial Tires:

Radial tires are the most common application for polyamide tire cords, thanks to their superior performance characteristics compared to bias tires. This type of tire construction utilizes steel belts beneath the tread, allowing for lower rolling resistance, better fuel efficiency, and improved handling. The strength and flexibility provided by polyamide tire cords contribute to the overall performance and safety of radial tires, making them a preferred choice for passenger vehicles and trucks alike. As more consumers prioritize safety and durability in their tire choices, the demand for radial tires equipped with high-quality polyamide tire cords is expected to rise steadily.

Bias Tires:

Bias tires, while not as popular as radial tires, still hold a significant portion of the market due to their unique advantages in certain applications. These tires are constructed with layers of fabric cords running at angles to one another, which can provide a softer ride and better traction in off-road conditions. Polyamide tire cords are utilized in bias tire manufacturing to enhance durability and provide necessary strength. As markets for off-road vehicles and machinery continue to grow, bias tires made with polyamide tire cords will likely see sustained demand, especially in agricultural and construction sectors.

Conveyor Belts:

Polyamide tire cords also find significant application in the production of conveyor belts, where strength and flexibility are crucial for effective material handling. Conveyor belts made from polyamide tire cords are resistant to abrasion and provide excellent tensile strength, making them ideal for heavy-duty industrial applications. The growing demand in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, and retail logistics is expected to drive the conveyor belt segment, presenting opportunities for polyamide tire cord manufacturers to expand their market presence. The versatility and reliability of polyamide cords in conveyor applications will contribute to the ongoing growth of this market segment.

Hoses:

Another important application for polyamide tire cords is in the production of industrial hoses. The strength and resistance to environmental factors offered by polyamide make it an ideal choice for hoses used in various industries, including automotive, agriculture, and construction. As industries seek to improve the performance and longevity of their hoses, the incorporation of polyamide tire cords is likely to gain traction. The versatility of these cords allows for the creation of hoses that can withstand various pressures and temperatures, thereby enhancing their suitability for critical applications.

Others:

The "Others" category within the application segment includes various specialized uses of polyamide tire cords in less common applications. This may encompass innovative uses in the production of custom equipment, specialty tires, or niche industrial products where specific performance characteristics are required. As manufacturing processes advance and new applications emerge, there will likely be further growth within this segment, driven by the continuous evolution of materials technology and tire design. This category is expected to expand as manufacturers explore the boundaries of polyamide tire cord applications.

By Distribution Channel

OEMs:

The original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) segment is a significant distribution channel for polyamide tire cords, as tire manufacturers often source high-quality materials directly from suppliers to ensure compatibility with their production processes. This channel provides a stable demand for polyamide tire cords, as OEMs continuously seek reliable materials that meet their performance and safety standards. The growing automotive industry, particularly in emerging markets, is expected to boost the demand in this segment, as more manufacturers begin to scale their operations and optimize their supply chains.

Aftermarket:

The aftermarket distribution channel for polyamide tire cords is gaining traction, driven by an increase in vehicle maintenance and replacement needs. As consumers become more aware of the importance of tire health and performance, the demand for high-quality replacement tires, which utilize polyamide tire cords, is expected to grow. This channel allows manufacturers to tap into a broader customer base, as aftermarket products often target price-sensitive consumers looking for reliable yet cost-effective solutions. The growth of e-commerce platforms further facilitates access to aftermarket products, enhancing opportunities for polyamide tire cord sales.

Online Retailers:

The rise of online shopping has transformed the distribution landscape for polyamide tire cords, enabling manufacturers and suppliers to reach a wider audience. Online retailers provide consumers with convenient access to a diverse range of tire cord products, often at competitive prices, which drives market growth. The trend of digitalization in retail is expected to continue, prompting manufacturers to invest in e-commerce strategies to capitalize on the growing consumer preference for online shopping. By leveraging digital platforms, companies can enhance their visibility and foster greater customer engagement.

Specialty Stores:

Specialty stores that focus on automotive parts and accessories play a crucial role in the distribution of polyamide tire cords. These stores cater to a niche market of consumers who seek specific products tailored to their needs, such as high-performance tires or specialized tire repair materials. The personalized service and expertise provided by specialty stores create a unique shopping experience, encouraging customer loyalty and repeat business. As consumer preferences continue to evolve, the demand for specialty stores that offer quality products, including polyamide tire cords, is expected to remain strong.

Others:

The "Others" segment encompasses various alternative distribution channels that may not fall under the main categories mentioned above. This may include direct sales from manufacturers to end-users or partnerships with distributors who focus on unique markets. As the polyamide tire cord market continues to evolve, finding innovative distribution strategies will be essential for manufacturers to enhance product reach and optimize supply chains. Understanding the dynamics of these alternative channels will be crucial for tapping into emerging consumer trends and preferences.

By Ingredient Type

Nylon 6:

Nylon 6 is the most commonly used ingredient type in the production of polyamide tire cords, known for its excellent mechanical properties and flexibility. This type of nylon is characterized by its ability to retain strength and elasticity even under varying temperature conditions, making it suitable for tire applications. Its affordability and ease of processing further enhance its appeal to manufacturers, driving its widespread adoption in the production of various tire types. As a result, the demand for nylon 6 in the polyamide tire cord market is expected to remain robust, supported by ongoing advances in tire technology.

Nylon 66:

Nylon 66 is an advanced material known for its higher melting point and superior strength compared to nylon 6. It is increasingly being utilized in high-performance tire applications that require enhanced durability and heat resistance. The growing trend of using advanced materials in tire production to improve safety and performance will likely boost the demand for nylon 66 in the polyamide tire cord market. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to optimize the use of nylon 66, ensuring that it meets the evolving needs of the automotive industry.

Nylon 612:

Nylon 612, with its unique molecular structure, offers improved resistance to moisture and chemicals compared to other nylon types. This property makes it an attractive choice for tire applications that require performance under harsh environmental conditions, such as in industrial or off-road vehicles. As awareness of the importance of specialized materials in tire production grows, the demand for nylon 612 is expected to increase, allowing manufacturers to cater to diverse market needs effectively. The versatility of nylon 612 positions it as a promising ingredient type within the polyamide tire cord market.

Nylon 11:

Nylon 11 is a bio-based material derived from renewable resources, which adds an eco-friendly dimension to the polyamide tire cord market. Its use in tire manufacturing aligns with the increasing focus on sustainability and reducing the carbon footprint associated with tire production. As manufacturers seek to innovate and adopt more sustainable practices, the demand for nylon 11 is likely to grow. The unique properties of nylon 11, combined with its environmental benefits, make it a valuable ingredient in the ongoing evolution of tire technology.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses a range of alternative nylon formulations and synthetic materials that may be used in specific tire cord applications. This segment is expected to witness growth as manufacturers explore innovative compositions to enhance the performance characteristics of polyamide tire cords. These alternative ingredients may offer specialized properties such as enhanced heat resistance, better adhesion, or increased durability, catering to unique market needs. As the industry continues to evolve, the exploration of new material types will play a crucial role in driving innovation within the polyamide tire cord market.

By Region

The regional analysis of the polyamide tire cord market shows that North America is currently the largest market, accounting for over 35% of global revenues. The region's robust automotive industry, coupled with a growing emphasis on safety and performance, has spurred demand for high-quality tire cords. Major tire manufacturers in the United States and Canada are increasingly incorporating advanced materials into their products, fostering a competitive landscape that drives innovation and quality. The CAGR for North America during the forecast period is estimated to be around 5.5%, reflecting steady market growth driven by technological advancements and a focus on eco-friendly practices.

In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the highest growth rate, with a CAGR of approximately 7.5% during the forecast period. Rapid industrialization and urbanization in countries like China, India, and Vietnam are propelling demand for automobiles, subsequently increasing the need for tire cords. Additionally, the increasing focus on enhancing vehicle performance and the growing popularity of electric vehicles in the region are expected to drive the use of polyamide tire cords in tire manufacturing. The expansion of manufacturing facilities and investments in research and development further support the growth of the polyamide tire cord market in Asia Pacific.

Opportunities

The polyamide tire cord market presents numerous opportunities driven by evolving consumer preferences and technological advancements. One significant opportunity lies in the increasing focus on sustainability within the automotive industry. Manufacturers are increasingly seeking eco-friendly materials to reduce the environmental impact associated with tire production. This trend has created demand for biodegradable and renewable materials, such as nylon 11, which can be integrated into polyamide tire cord formulations. As consumers become more environmentally conscious, manufacturers who invest in sustainable practices will likely gain a competitive edge in the market, leading to increased sales and brand loyalty.

Additionally, advancements in manufacturing technologies present opportunities for innovation in polyamide tire cord production. The emergence of smart materials and enhanced manufacturing techniques, such as 3D printing and automated production lines, can lead to the development of superior tire cords that offer enhanced performance characteristics. Manufacturers that embrace such technologies will not only improve product quality but also optimize production efficiency and reduce costs. As the automotive industry shifts towards more advanced tires, the demand for innovative polyamide tire cord solutions is expected to rise, creating a wealth of opportunities for industry players.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects, the polyamide tire cord market faces several threats that could hinder its expansion. One of the predominant challenges is the volatility of raw material prices, particularly for nylon. Fluctuations in the cost of crude oil, from which many nylon products are derived, can directly impact production costs for manufacturers. This volatility may lead to increased pricing pressure on companies, forcing them to either absorb costs or pass them on to consumers, which could affect demand. Additionally, competition from alternative materials, such as polyester and steel, presents a significant challenge as these materials may offer comparable performance characteristics at a lower cost. This competition could limit market share for polyamide tire cords in certain applications.

Furthermore, regulatory challenges related to environmental standards and sustainability could pose threats to market players. As governments worldwide implement stricter regulations regarding emissions and waste, manufacturers will need to invest in compliant production methods and materials. This shift may require significant capital investments, impacting their profitability if they fail to adapt promptly. The ongoing evolution of consumer preferences towards eco-friendly products also necessitates that manufacturers continuously innovate and adapt to stay competitive, which could be challenging for established players with existing manufacturing processes.

Competitor Outlook

• Teijin Limited
• Hyosung Corporation
• Kordsa Teknik Tekstil A.Ş.
• DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
• Continental AG
• Bridgestone Corporation
• Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
• Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
• Open Joint Stock Company Shchekinoazot
• Lanxess AG
• Solvay S.A.
• Ascend Performance Materials
• Ube Industries, Ltd.
• Ningxia Fuyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.
• AdvanSix Inc.

The competitive landscape of the polyamide tire cord market is characterized by the presence of several key players, each striving to enhance their market share through innovation and strategic partnerships. Companies like Teijin Limited and Hyosung Corporation are leading the industry by investing in research and development to create advanced polyamide materials that meet the evolving needs of tire manufacturers. They are actively engaged in developing high-tenacity materials that offer superior performance, ensuring their products are well-positioned in the market. Moreover, these companies are focusing on sustainability initiatives, seeking to reduce their environmental footprint and align with the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly products.

Additionally, Kordsa Teknik Tekstil A.Ş. and DuPont de Nemours, Inc. are also key players in the market, known for their strong global presence and extensive product portfolios. Kordsa’s commitment to technological innovation has positioned it as a leader in tire reinforcement materials, while DuPont’s diverse range of polymers allows for tailored solutions to meet specific customer requirements. The partnerships and collaborations formed by these companies with OEMs further enhance their competitive advantage, enabling them to respond more effectively to the needs of the automotive industry.

As the market continues to evolve, companies like Continental AG and Bridgestone Corporation are leveraging their extensive distribution networks to capitalize on emerging opportunities in emerging markets. By investing in local manufacturing capabilities and establishing strategic alliances, these companies aim to strengthen their presence in high-growth regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America. Moreover, their commitment to product innovation ensures that they remain competitive in an industry that is continuously changing, driven by technological advancements and shifting consumer preferences. The competitive dynamics in the polyamide tire cord market are indicative of a landscape marked by ongoing innovation and adaptation to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving industry.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Lanxess AG
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Solvay S.A.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 AdvanSix Inc.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Continental AG
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Teijin Limited
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Hyosung Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Ube Industries, Ltd.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Bridgestone Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Ascend Performance Materials
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Kordsa Teknik Tekstil A.Ş.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Ningxia Fuyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Open Joint Stock Company Shchekinoazot
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Polyamide Tire Cord Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Radial Tires
    • 6.1.2 Bias Tires
    • 6.1.3 Conveyor Belts
    • 6.1.4 Hoses
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Polyamide Tire Cord Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Dipped Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
    • 6.2.2 Undipped Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
    • 6.2.3 High Tenacity Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
    • 6.2.4 Industrial Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Polyamide Tire Cord Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Nylon 6
    • 6.3.2 Nylon 66
    • 6.3.3 Nylon 612
    • 6.3.4 Nylon 11
    • 6.3.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Polyamide Tire Cord Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Polyamide Tire Cord market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Dipped Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
• Undipped Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
• High Tenacity Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
• Industrial Nylon Tire Cord Fabric
• Others

By Application

• Radial Tires
• Bias Tires
• Conveyor Belts
• Hoses
• Others

By Ingredient Type

• Nylon 6
• Nylon 66
• Nylon 612
• Nylon 11
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Teijin Limited
• Hyosung Corporation
• Kordsa Teknik Tekstil A.Ş.
• DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
• Continental AG
• Bridgestone Corporation
• Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
• Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
• Open Joint Stock Company Shchekinoazot
• Lanxess AG
• Solvay S.A.
• Ascend Performance Materials
• Ube Industries, Ltd.
• Ningxia Fuyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.
• AdvanSix Inc.