Plastic Energy Chains

Plastic Energy Chains Market Outlook

The global Plastic Energy Chains market is projected to reach USD 4.5 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 7.4% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The increasing demand for automation and efficiency in industrial operations is a significant growth factor propelling the market forward. With advancements in technology, manufacturers are developing more durable and efficient energy chains, which cater to a wide range of applications across various industries. Additionally, the rising awareness of sustainable manufacturing practices encourages the adoption of energy-efficient and recyclable materials, further boosting market growth. Governments and organizations are pushing for innovation in energy-efficient solutions, which is fostering a robust environment for the plastic energy chains sector to thrive. Overall, the combination of technological advancements and rising environmental concerns is a key driver for the Plastic Energy Chains market.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth factors driving the Plastic Energy Chains market are multifaceted, encompassing technological advancements, increased automation in manufacturing, and stringent environmental regulations. One of the primary drivers is the escalating demand for automated systems across industries, which necessitates reliable and effective energy supply solutions. These energy chains provide a secure method for guiding energy and data cables, which ensures the seamless operation of machinery. Moreover, as industries strive to improve their production efficiency and reduce downtime, the adoption of advanced energy chains becomes critical. Additionally, the shift towards sustainable practices is prompting manufacturers to seek eco-friendly materials, further escalating investments in the development of innovative energy chain solutions that are both durable and recyclable. Furthermore, global initiatives advocating for energy efficiency are likely to enhance the demand for energy chains that meet regulatory requirements, driving the market's growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global Plastic Energy Chains market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% from 2025 to 2035.
• Technological advancements in material science are leading to higher durability and efficiency in energy chains.
• Increased automation across various industries is a key driver for market growth.
• Growing awareness and regulations concerning energy-efficient solutions are accelerating market demand.
• The Asia Pacific region is projected to hold the largest market share due to rapid industrialization and infrastructure development.

By Product Type

Open Energy Chains:

Open energy chains are one of the most common configurations, providing easy access for maintenance and cable routing. Their design allows for the installation and replacement of cables without the need to disassemble the entire chain, which significantly reduces downtime in industrial applications. These energy chains are primarily used in environments where flexibility and quick access are essential. Their applications span various sectors including manufacturing, automotive, and robotics, where machinery needs to undergo frequent maintenance. The open design also allows for better ventilation and cooling of cables, which is crucial in high-heat applications. As industries continue to evolve towards more versatile and efficient operations, open energy chains will remain a vital component in machinery where accessibility is a priority.

Closed Energy Chains:

Closed energy chains offer enhanced protection for cables and hoses, making them ideal for use in harsh environments where exposure to dust, moisture, or mechanical stress is a concern. These chains are designed to prevent external elements from interfering with the integrity of the cables, thereby prolonging their lifespan. Industries such as construction, mining, and food processing benefit from the robust nature of closed energy chains, as they ensure reliability and safety in applications where conditions may be unpredictable. The closed nature of these energy chains also minimizes the risk of tangling or damage to the cables, which can be critical for maintaining operational efficiency. As industries prioritize safety and reliability, the demand for closed energy chains is expected to rise steadily.

Semi-enclosed Energy Chains:

Semi-enclosed energy chains provide a balance between accessibility and protection, making them suitable for a variety of applications. These chains feature partially enclosed structures that allow for easier cable insertion while still safeguarding the cables against external hazards. They are often employed in environments where some level of protection is required but where full enclosure might impede accessibility or flexibility. Commonly used in the automotive and robotics sectors, semi-enclosed energy chains facilitate the movement of power and data while allowing for more manageable maintenance routines. The flexibility provided by this design makes it a popular choice among manufacturers looking to optimize both efficiency and safety in their operations.

Fully enclosed Energy Chains:

Fully enclosed energy chains offer the highest level of protection for cables and hoses, ensuring that they are shielded from environmental hazards such as dust, moisture, and mechanical damage. This type of energy chain is particularly beneficial in industries where extreme conditions are prevalent, such as chemical processing and heavy machinery. The fully enclosed design not only enhances the durability of the cables contained within but also contributes to cleaner operations by preventing debris accumulation on the cables. As industries increasingly focus on safety and equipment longevity, the demand for fully enclosed energy chains is likely to grow, making them a key player in high-risk industrial environments.

Nested Energy Chains:

Nested energy chains provide a unique solution that allows multiple chains to be housed within a single outer chain. This design is particularly advantageous in applications where space is limited, as it reduces the overall footprint of the energy chain system. Nested energy chains are utilized in advanced automation systems, robotics, and applications that require high mobility, such as multi-axis machines. The compact design not only minimizes the risk of tangling but also enhances maneuverability in confined spaces, making it ideal for industries pushing the boundaries of compact machinery design. As the trend towards miniaturization continues, nested energy chains stand to gain significant traction in the market due to their innovative design and practicality.

By Application

Industrial Machinery:

The industrial machinery segment represents a significant portion of the Plastic Energy Chains market, as these systems are critical in improving operational efficiency across various manufacturing processes. Energy chains in industrial machinery are responsible for guiding cables and hoses, ensuring that moving parts can operate smoothly without entanglement or damage. Their application ranges from conveyor systems to CNC machines, where reliability and minimal downtime are essential. With the increasing integration of automation in manufacturing processes, the demand for energy chains that can support complex machinery configurations is on the rise. Moreover, the growth of smart factories and Industry 4.0 initiatives is further enhancing the need for adaptable energy solutions in industrial settings.

Automotive:

The automotive industry has increasingly adopted plastic energy chains for their ability to manage and protect wires and hoses in vehicles. Energy chains are essential for powering various components, from engines to infotainment systems. Their lightweight and flexible nature allows for efficient routing within tight spaces, which is crucial given the compact design of modern vehicles. Additionally, as electric and hybrid vehicles become more prevalent, the demand for energy chains that can handle high-voltage cables and ensure safety in electrical systems is rising. Furthermore, with manufacturers focusing on enhancing vehicle performance and reliability, the role of plastic energy chains in automotive applications is expected to be pivotal in the coming years.

Robotics:

Robotics is another major application of plastic energy chains, where the flexibility and durability of these systems are paramount. In robotic applications, energy chains are employed to provide power and signal transmission while allowing for unrestricted movement of the robotic arms and components. The use of energy chains in robotics enhances the overall efficiency and functionality of robots in various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics. With the rapid advancements in automation and an increasing number of robots being deployed in industries, the demand for specialized energy chains designed for robotic applications is projected to grow significantly.

Material Handling Equipment:

In the realm of material handling equipment, plastic energy chains play a crucial role in ensuring the reliable operation of systems like conveyors, hoists, and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). These chains provide the necessary support for cables and hoses that power these machines, allowing for seamless movement and efficiency in material handling processes. As industries continue to automate their logistics and warehousing operations, the need for dependable energy chains that can withstand continuous movement and harsh working conditions is increasing. The trend towards integrating smart technologies in material handling is also driving the demand for energy chains that can effectively manage advanced control systems.

Others:

Other applications of plastic energy chains include sectors such as telecommunications, aerospace, and marine, where specific cable management solutions are required. In telecommunications, energy chains are essential for managing the vast array of cables associated with networking equipment, ensuring reliability and organization. In aerospace and marine, energy chains provide the necessary protection for cables in environments exposed to harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and moisture. The versatility of plastic energy chains across these diverse sectors highlights their adaptability and the growing recognition of their importance in innovative technology solutions.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales are a primary distribution channel for plastic energy chains, allowing manufacturers to engage directly with customers to understand their specific needs and requirements. This approach enables companies to provide tailored solutions and build strong relationships, fostering customer loyalty. By selling directly, manufacturers can ensure that customers receive comprehensive support and guidance regarding the selection and installation of energy chains. Additionally, direct sales often facilitate quicker response times regarding inquiries and orders, which is crucial in industries that rely on timely replacements and maintenance. This channel is particularly effective in sectors where customization is pivotal, as it enables direct communication between the manufacturer and the end-user.

Indirect Sales:

Indirect sales encompass a broader distribution strategy involving third-party distributors and resellers who market and sell plastic energy chains to various industries. This channel allows manufacturers to expand their reach and access new markets without the need for extensive sales teams. Distributors often have established relationships within specific industries, enabling them to effectively promote and sell energy chains based on the needs of local customers. The indirect sales channel is advantageous for smaller manufacturers looking to penetrate new territories or specialized markets, as it provides an established network for distribution and support. The flexibility and accessibility offered by indirect sales contribute significantly to the overall growth of the plastic energy chains market.

By Material Type

Nylon Energy Chains:

Nylon energy chains are favored for their excellent flexibility and durability, making them suitable for various applications. They are lightweight and resistant to wear and tear, which enhances their longevity in demanding environments. The versatility of nylon energy chains allows them to be utilized in sectors ranging from industrial machinery to robotics. Their resistance to chemicals and abrasion also makes them a popular choice for applications where exposure to harsh substances is a concern. As manufacturers continue to seek reliable and efficient energy supply solutions, the demand for nylon energy chains is expected to rise.

Polypropylene Energy Chains:

Polypropylene energy chains are known for their excellent chemical resistance and lightweight properties, making them suitable for diverse applications in industries such as food processing and pharmaceuticals. Their design allows for easy assembly and maintenance, which is particularly beneficial in environments where equipment must be frequently serviced. These energy chains are also resistant to UV light, providing additional durability in outdoor applications or facilities with significant natural light exposure. As industries emphasize hygiene and safety, the demand for polypropylene energy chains that meet stringent standards is likely to grow.

Polyester Energy Chains:

Polyester energy chains offer superior strength and wear resistance, making them ideal for high-load applications. Their robust construction provides excellent performance in heavy machinery and industrial settings, where the energy chains are subjected to extreme conditions. Polyester's durability contributes to minimizing downtime and maintenance costs, enhancing operational efficiency. The ability to withstand temperature fluctuations and environmental factors further enhances the applicability of polyester energy chains in various industries. As the trend toward automation and heavy machinery continues, the significance of polyester energy chains will likely increase.

PVC Energy Chains:

PVC energy chains are valued for their cost-effectiveness and versatility, making them a popular choice among manufacturers. They provide a reliable solution for routing cables in applications that do not require extreme durability. While they may not offer the same level of resistance as their nylon or polyester counterparts, PVC energy chains are suitable for many light to moderate-duty applications. Their easy installation and lightweight nature make them a preferred option for industries looking to optimize costs without compromising functionality. As the market continues to evolve, PVC energy chains will maintain relevance in entry-level applications.

Others:

Other material types of energy chains include specialized composites and hybrid materials designed for specific applications requiring unique characteristics. These innovative solutions may blend different properties, such as enhanced strength, flexibility, or chemical resistance, catering to niche markets within various industries. As manufacturers focus on developing customized solutions to meet specific operational challenges, the demand for alternative materials in energy chains is likely to grow. Innovations in material science are paving the way for more efficient and specialized energy chain products, further expanding the possibilities within this market.

By Region

The global Plastic Energy Chains market exhibits significant regional variations, with the Asia Pacific region expected to dominate the market share, holding approximately 42% of the total market by 2035. This dominance can be attributed to rapid industrialization, increased automation in manufacturing processes, and substantial investments in infrastructure development across countries like China and India. Furthermore, the region's expanding automotive sector, along with the growth of robotics and material handling systems, is anticipated to drive the demand for plastic energy chains significantly. The CAGR for this region is projected to be around 8.0%, indicating a robust growth trajectory fueled by the ongoing industrial advancements.

North America and Europe are also key players in the Plastic Energy Chains market, accounting for approximately 30% and 25% of the market share, respectively. In North America, the growth is driven by the high adoption of automation technologies across various sectors, including automotive and aerospace. In Europe, strong regulatory frameworks promoting energy efficiency and sustainability are fostering an environment conducive to the growth of plastic energy chains. The demand for energy chains in these regions is also bolstered by a focus on innovation and the integration of advanced technologies in manufacturing processes. The combined growth rates for North America and Europe are projected to hover around 6.5% during the forecast period, reflecting steady demand and ongoing advancements in energy chain solutions.

Opportunities

The Plastic Energy Chains market is presented with numerous opportunities stemming from technological advancements and the increasing emphasis on sustainability. With the rise of smart factories and Industry 4.0, there is a growing need for advanced energy management systems that can support automation and digitalization in manufacturing processes. This environment encourages innovation in energy chain design, leading to the development of more efficient and customizable solutions tailored to meet specific industry requirements. Companies investing in research and development to create energy chains equipped with smart sensors and IoT connectivity are likely to gain a competitive edge as industries seek to optimize performance and reduce operational costs. Additionally, the adoption of renewable energy sources and the shift towards electric vehicles are creating new demand for energy chains that can effectively manage high-voltage applications, presenting a significant opportunity for market growth.

Another significant opportunity lies in the expansion into emerging markets. As developing economies continue to industrialize, the demand for machinery and automation is expected to rise, driving the need for effective cable management solutions like plastic energy chains. Countries in Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America are witnessing rapid growth in various industries, including manufacturing, logistics, and automotive, which can act as catalysts for the adoption of energy chains. Furthermore, market players can enhance their global footprint by establishing partnerships and distribution networks in these regions, enabling them to cater to the evolving needs of emerging markets while capitalizing on local growth drivers. The focus on infrastructure development and industrial growth in these regions presents a promising avenue for expansion and increased market penetration.

Threats

Despite the promising outlook for the Plastic Energy Chains market, there are several threats that could hinder its growth. One of the primary concerns is the intense competition in the market, with numerous players vying for market share. This competitive landscape can lead to price wars, reducing profit margins and making it challenging for manufacturers to maintain sustainable growth. Moreover, as technology evolves rapidly, companies must continuously innovate and improve their product offerings to stay relevant, which requires significant investment in research and development. Failure to keep pace with technological advancements could result in obsolescence and loss of market share to more agile competitors. Additionally, fluctuations in raw material prices can impact production costs and profitability, creating further challenges for manufacturers.

Another major threat to the Plastic Energy Chains market is the increasing regulatory pressure concerning environmental sustainability. As governments worldwide implement stricter regulations on plastic usage and waste management, manufacturers may face challenges in meeting these requirements while continuing to produce plastic energy chains. The demand for eco-friendly alternatives and recyclable materials is pushing companies to adapt their production processes, which may necessitate significant changes in operations and supply chains. Companies that are unable to transition effectively to sustainable practices risk losing customers who prioritize environmental sustainability in their purchasing decisions. Thus, the ability to navigate regulatory challenges while maintaining competitiveness will be crucial for the long-term success of businesses within the Plastic Energy Chains market.

Competitor Outlook

• Igus GmbH
• Energy Chain Systems
• Kabelschlepp Metool GmbH
• Dynatect Manufacturing, Inc.
• LEONI AG
• REIKU GmbH
• Chainflex
• Continental AG
• TPR, Inc.
• U.S. Tsubaki Holdings, Inc.
• HepcoMotion Ltd.
• Altra Industrial Motion Corp.
• Schneider Electric
• Wexco Corporation
• Wiremold

The overall competitive landscape of the Plastic Energy Chains market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies, all striving to innovate and capture a larger share of the market. Established companies like Igus GmbH and Energy Chain Systems have a strong foothold due to their extensive product portfolios and established customer relationships. These companies invest heavily in research and development to stay ahead of technological trends and meet the evolving needs of customers across various industries. Additionally, collaborations with distributors and strategic partnerships are common practices among these businesses to expand their reach and enhance customer support. The competitive dynamics are also shaped by the growing trend of sustainability, prompting companies to innovate and develop eco-friendly energy chain solutions.

Companies such as Dynatect Manufacturing and LEONI AG are also making significant strides in improving their product offerings by incorporating advanced materials and designs that enhance durability and efficiency. By focusing on high-performance energy chains tailored to specific applications, these companies are positioning themselves as leaders in niche markets. Moreover, the growth of e-commerce has altered the competitive landscape, enabling new entrants to reach customers directly and compete with established manufacturers. As these trends evolve, market players must remain adaptable and responsive to changes in customer preferences and industry standards.

In terms of major competitors, companies like Continental AG and U.S. Tsubaki Holdings are leveraging their extensive experience and technological expertise to innovate and provide superior energy chain solutions. Continental AG is focusing on sustainability and has developed energy chains with materials that are not only durable but also environmentally friendly. On the other hand, U.S. Tsubaki Holdings is capitalizing on its global presence to offer customized solutions tailored to the unique needs of different markets. As the competition intensifies, these companies are increasingly investing in technology and customer service to differentiate themselves and maintain their market positions.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 LEONI AG
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Wiremold
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Chainflex
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Igus GmbH
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 TPR, Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 REIKU GmbH
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Continental AG
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 HepcoMotion Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Wexco Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Schneider Electric
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Energy Chain Systems
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Kabelschlepp Metool GmbH
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 U.S. Tsubaki Holdings, Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Dynatect Manufacturing, Inc.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Altra Industrial Motion Corp.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Plastic Energy Chains Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Industrial Machinery
    • 6.1.2 Automotive
    • 6.1.3 Robotics
    • 6.1.4 Material Handling Equipment
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Plastic Energy Chains Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Open Energy Chains
    • 6.2.2 Closed Energy Chains
    • 6.2.3 Semi-enclosed Energy Chains
    • 6.2.4 Fully enclosed Energy Chains
    • 6.2.5 Nested Energy Chains
  • 6.3 Plastic Energy Chains Market, By Material Type
    • 6.3.1 Nylon Energy Chains
    • 6.3.2 Polypropylene Energy Chains
    • 6.3.3 Polyester Energy Chains
    • 6.3.4 PVC Energy Chains
    • 6.3.5 Others
  • 6.4 Plastic Energy Chains Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Indirect Sales

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Plastic Energy Chains Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Plastic Energy Chains market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Open Energy Chains
• Closed Energy Chains
• Semi-enclosed Energy Chains
• Fully enclosed Energy Chains
• Nested Energy Chains

By Application

• Industrial Machinery
• Automotive
• Robotics
• Material Handling Equipment
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Indirect Sales

By Material Type

• Nylon Energy Chains
• Polypropylene Energy Chains
• Polyester Energy Chains
• PVC Energy Chains
• Others

By Region

• Asia Pacific
• North America
• Latin America
• Europe
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Igus GmbH
• Energy Chain Systems
• Kabelschlepp Metool GmbH
• Dynatect Manufacturing, Inc.
• LEONI AG
• REIKU GmbH
• Chainflex
• Continental AG
• TPR, Inc.
• U.S. Tsubaki Holdings, Inc.
• HepcoMotion Ltd.
• Altra Industrial Motion Corp.
• Schneider Electric
• Wexco Corporation
• Wiremold