Organic Seed

Organic Seed Market Outlook

The global organic seed market is projected to reach approximately USD 5.6 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 12.5% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The market's growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for organic food products, supported by rising health consciousness and environmental sustainability among consumers. Additionally, government initiatives promoting organic farming practices, coupled with an expanding base of certified organic farmland, further bolster market expansion. The shift towards sustainable agricultural practices is not only a response to consumer preferences but also an essential strategy to address climate change and soil degradation. Moreover, growing investments in agricultural innovations and advancements in seed technology are expected to play a critical role in transforming the organic seed market.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the organic seed market can be attributed to several critical factors. First, a significant rise in health awareness among consumers has led to an increased demand for organic produce, highlighting the need for quality organic seeds. The trend towards cleaner eating habits and a shift from synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to organic farming practices are also contributing to this growth. Additionally, as consumers become more aware of the environmental impacts of conventional farming, there is a notable shift towards sustainable agricultural practices, which emphasizes the use of organic seeds. The proliferation of organic farming techniques, supported by various governmental and non-governmental organizations, has further stimulated market growth. Furthermore, the expansion of e-commerce and online platforms for seed distribution has made organic seeds more accessible, thereby driving sales and encouraging farmers to adopt organic practices.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global organic seed market is expected to reach USD 5.6 billion by 2035.
• North America holds a significant share of the organic seed market, driven by high consumer demand.
• Vegetable seeds dominate the product type segment, reflecting the growing popularity of organic vegetables.
• Online distribution channels are witnessing rapid growth due to increasing e-commerce trends.
• Hybrid seeds are gaining traction among farmers for their yield advantages and adaptability.

By Product Type

Vegetable Seeds:

Vegetable seeds represent the largest segment within the organic seed market. The increasing consumer preference for fresh, organic vegetables has propelled demand in this category significantly. Various types of vegetable seeds, such as tomatoes, peppers, and leafy greens, are being cultivated organically, reflecting a shift towards sustainable farming practices. Farmers are increasingly opting for organic vegetable seeds to cultivate produce that meets consumer health standards while ensuring better taste and nutrition. Additionally, countries with high vegetable consumption rates, like the US and Germany, are witnessing substantial growth in this segment, driven by both domestic consumption and export opportunities.

Fruit Seeds:

Fruit seeds are another significant segment that is experiencing growth in the organic seed market. Organic fruits are increasingly sought after due to their perceived health benefits and superior taste. The demand for organic fruit seeds such as watermelon, strawberries, and apples is rising as farmers transition to organic practices to cater to health-conscious consumers. Moreover, environmental sustainability concerns are prompting fruit growers to use organic seeds, which supports biodiversity while reducing chemical usage. The trend of urban gardening and home gardening has also contributed to the growing popularity of organic fruit seeds, as individuals seek to grow their own produce sustainably.

Grain Seeds:

The grain seeds segment is witnessing increased adoption due to the rising demand for organic grains such as wheat, rice, and corn. Organic grain seeds are primarily preferred by farmers aiming to produce organic staple foods. The shift towards organic grains is driven by several factors, including the increasing awareness of health benefits associated with organic grain consumption. Additionally, governmental support for organic farming methods and certifications has provided a conducive environment for farmers. The rise in gluten-free and health-focused food trends has further accelerated the sales of organic grain seeds, making this segment a critical player in the organic seed market.

Herb Seeds:

Herb seeds, although a smaller segment compared to vegetables and fruits, are gaining traction in the organic seed market due to the growing culinary and medicinal use of herbs. Consumers are increasingly interested in growing their own herbs, which has led to a rise in demand for organic herb seeds such as basil, cilantro, and rosemary. The trend of incorporating fresh herbs into dishes for flavor and health benefits is promoting the holistic growth of this segment. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of organic gardening among urban dwellers has created a favorable market environment for herb seeds, with many opting for home cultivation.

Flower Seeds:

The flower seeds segment is also growing as consumers embrace gardening and landscaping as a form of relaxation and home beautification. Organic flower seeds, including those for sunflowers, pansies, and marigolds, are increasingly in demand due to their environmental benefits and aesthetic appeal. The trend towards sustainable gardening practices is prompting consumers to choose organic flower seeds that contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem health. Additionally, floriculture initiatives aimed at increasing green spaces in urban areas are further driving demand in this segment. The growth of eco-friendly landscaping and gardening is likely to enhance the popularity of organic flower seeds, marking them as an essential segment in the organic seed market.

By Application

Farmland Agriculture:

Farmland agriculture is a primary application area for organic seeds, as it encompasses large-scale farming operations that prioritize sustainable practices. This segment has witnessed significant growth due to the increasing number of farmers transitioning to organic farming methods to meet consumer demand for organic produce. The integration of organic seeds into farmland agriculture not only enhances crop yield but also supports soil health and biodiversity. Additionally, the rising organic certification standards and governmental support for organic farming are promoting the use of organic seeds across various crops. The trend of organic farming is expected to continue driving the expansion of this application segment.

Greenhouse Agriculture:

Greenhouse agriculture has emerged as a significant application for organic seeds, driven by the need for year-round crop production in controlled environments. The use of organic seeds in greenhouses enhances crop quality while minimizing pests and diseases without resorting to synthetic chemicals. This approach is appealing to consumers who prioritize freshness and sustainability, thus bolstering market growth. With a growing focus on maximizing land use efficiency, many greenhouse operators are switching to organic seeds to meet the rising demand for organic vegetables and fruits. As greenhouse operations expand globally, the organic seed market is poised for further growth in this segment.

Horticulture:

Horticulture is a vital application segment for organic seeds, encompassing the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. This segment has gained momentum as consumers increasingly seek organic options for gardening and landscaping. The use of organic seeds in horticulture not only helps produce healthier plants but also promotes environmental sustainability. With the rise of home gardening trends, particularly during recent global events that encouraged people to spend more time at home, the demand for organic horticultural seeds has surged. This trend is expected to continue, fostering growth in the organic seed market as consumers prioritize quality and sustainable practices in their gardens.

By Distribution Channel

Online Stores:

Online stores are rapidly emerging as a preferred distribution channel for organic seeds, driven by the convenience and accessibility they offer to consumers. The growth of e-commerce platforms has made it easier for consumers to purchase a wide variety of organic seeds from the comfort of their homes. This shift has been particularly prominent during the pandemic, where many individuals turned to online shopping for gardening supplies. Online retailers often provide detailed product information, customer reviews, and competitive pricing, which appeal to a growing demographic of organic gardeners. The convenience of home delivery further enhances the attractiveness of this distribution channel, ensuring continued growth in the organic seed market.

Retail Stores:

Retail stores, including garden centers and supermarkets, remain a significant distribution channel for organic seeds. Consumers often prefer to physically inspect products before purchasing, leading to a steady demand for organic seeds in brick-and-mortar locations. Retailers are increasingly expanding their organic gardening sections to cater to the growing consumer demand for organic products. The accessibility of organic seeds in retail outlets allows novice gardeners to easily start their gardening journeys. Additionally, retailers often engage in promotional activities and workshops to create awareness about organic gardening, encouraging more consumers to choose organic seeds over conventional options.

Wholesale Distributors:

Wholesale distributors play a crucial role in the organic seed market by supplying seeds to retailers and agricultural businesses. This channel is significant, especially for large-scale farmers and commercial growers who require substantial quantities of organic seeds. Wholesale distributors often offer competitive pricing and a diverse range of organic seed varieties, allowing businesses to meet their specific agricultural needs. The growth of organic farming practices is encouraging more wholesalers to include organic seeds in their inventories, thereby facilitating the supply chain. Furthermore, partnerships between distributors and organic seed producers are enhancing the availability of quality organic seeds across various regions.

Direct Sales:

Direct sales, including farmers' markets and community-supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives, are gaining prominence as distribution channels for organic seeds. This approach fosters a direct connection between consumers and producers, allowing farmers to sell their organic seeds directly to consumers. The growth of local and sustainable food movements has spurred interest in direct sales channels, enabling consumers to support local agriculture while accessing high-quality organic seeds. Additionally, direct sales often provide consumers with more information about the seeds, including their cultivation practices and benefits. This trend is expected to contribute positively to the expansion of the organic seed market.

Others:

Other distribution channels, such as agricultural cooperatives and specialty gardening shops, also play a role in the organic seed market. These channels cater to niche markets and offer unique organic seed varieties that might not be available in mainstream retail or online platforms. Agricultural cooperatives, in particular, provide valuable resources and support for farmers transitioning to organic practices. By pooling resources and knowledge, these cooperatives facilitate access to high-quality organic seeds. Specialty gardening shops often focus on organic and heirloom varieties, appealing to passionate gardeners seeking unique options. As demand for diversity in organic seed varieties grows, these other distribution channels are likely to experience sustained growth.

By Seed Type

Open-Pollinated Seeds:

Open-pollinated seeds are a vital category within the organic seed market, valued for their ability to produce plants that can regenerate seed for subsequent planting. These seeds are popular among organic farmers and home gardeners who appreciate their sustainability and adaptability. Open-pollinated varieties are known for their resilience and suitability to local growing conditions, which makes them an ideal choice for organic cultivation. Additionally, they often carry historical significance and biodiversity, enriching the overall ecosystem. The growing trend of seed saving among consumers is driving demand for open-pollinated seeds as individuals seek to preserve heirloom varieties and maintain biodiversity.

Hybrid Seeds:

Hybrid seeds, created through controlled cross-breeding, are increasingly adopted in the organic seed market for their ability to produce high-yielding and disease-resistant plants. These seeds often provide superior performance compared to traditional varieties, making them an attractive option for farmers looking to maximize their harvests. While hybrid seeds are not derived from organic processes, many farmers use them in organic farming methods to enhance productivity without compromising organic certification. The growing focus on food security and yield optimization drives the demand for hybrid seeds, particularly in regions facing agricultural challenges due to climate change.

Heirloom Seeds:

Heirloom seeds are a cherished segment of the organic seed market, representing traditional varieties that have been preserved for generations. These seeds are valued for their unique flavors, colors, and resistance to local pests, making them a popular choice among home gardeners and small-scale farmers. The revival of interest in heirloom varieties is driven by a desire for biodiversity and a connection to agricultural heritage. As consumers increasingly seek out distinctive flavors and organic options, heirloom seeds are gaining traction. The cultural and historical significance associated with these seeds further enhances their appeal, contributing to their growth in the organic seed market.

Genetically Modified Seeds:

While genetically modified (GM) seeds generally fall outside the scope of organic farming due to their reliance on biotechnology, they still play a role in discussions regarding sustainable agriculture. In some regions, debates surrounding the use of GM seeds versus organic seeds are prevalent, particularly in the context of food security and agricultural productivity. Although GM seeds are not considered organic, their availability highlights the differences between conventional and organic farming practices. The organic seed market is often positioned as a response to the potential risks associated with GM seeds, driving more consumers towards organic options as they seek healthier and more environmentally friendly alternatives.

Organic Seeds:

Organic seeds are at the heart of the organic seed market, as they are specifically produced and labeled according to organic farming standards. These seeds are free from synthetic chemicals and genetically modified organisms, meeting the stringent requirements set by organic certification authorities. The growing awareness of health benefits associated with organic produce is driving demand for organic seeds among farmers and home gardeners alike. The organic seeds segment is expected to witness robust growth due to the increasing consumer preference for organic food and the expansion of certified organic farmland. Additionally, as more farmers transition to organic practices, the demand for organic seeds will continue to rise.

By Region

North America holds a dominant position in the organic seed market, accounting for over 40% of the global share. The United States, as a primary contributor, has seen substantial growth in organic farming, propelled by increasing health awareness and the demand for organic products. The USDA's commitment to supporting organic agriculture has led to a significant increase in certified organic farmland, which further stimulates the demand for organic seeds. The market in North America is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 12.0% during the forecast period, indicating a strong potential for expansion as more consumers opt for organic options.

In Europe, the organic seed market is also experiencing significant growth, with countries like Germany and France leading the way in organic farming practices. The European Union's stringent regulations on organic farming and an increasing consumer preference for organic products are key drivers of this market. Organic seed sales are expected to increase as retailers expand their organic offerings and promote sustainable farming practices. In Asia Pacific, the organic seed market is emerging, driven by rising disposable incomes and a growing awareness of health and nutrition. The region is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years, as more farmers adopt organic practices to meet the changing preferences of consumers.

Opportunities

The organic seed market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly as consumer interest in sustainable agriculture continues to rise. One significant opportunity lies in the expansion of urban gardening and community-supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives. These movements promote local food production and provide consumers with fresh organic produce directly from local farms. As more individuals adopt gardening as a hobby and a means of ensuring access to fresh, healthy food, the demand for organic seeds is expected to increase. Additionally, the growth of specialty organic markets and retailers that focus on offering local and organic products presents a favorable environment for organic seed suppliers to flourish.

Another notable opportunity exists in the development and promotion of innovative seed varieties that cater to specific consumer demands. This includes the introduction of seeds that are not only organic but also bred for unique characteristics, such as enhanced flavor profiles or superior nutritional content. By investing in research and development, seed companies can create new organic seed varieties that appeal to health-conscious consumers and gourmet chefs alike. Furthermore, partnerships between organic seed suppliers and agricultural institutions can foster advancements in seed technology, leading to improved crop resilience and yield. Such initiatives are likely to further stimulate growth in the organic seed market as the demand for high-quality, innovative, and sustainable seed options continues to rise.

Threats

The organic seed market faces several threats that could impact growth, one of which is the potential for regulatory changes that may affect organic certification processes. Regulatory bodies often update standards and requirements, which can create challenges for seed producers and farmers seeking to maintain organic status. Changes in regulations may also lead to increased compliance costs and complexities, potentially discouraging new entrants into the organic seed market. Additionally, the risk of counterfeit organic products can undermine consumer trust and hinder the growth of the organic seed market, as consumers may become skeptical about the authenticity of organic claims.

Another significant threat is the growing competition from conventional seeds and genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which can offer advantages in terms of yield and pest resistance. While the demand for organic products is on the rise, the established market for conventional agriculture poses a challenge for organic seed producers. Farmers who prioritize high yields may be tempted to use conventional seeds or GMOs, especially in regions where organic practices are not yet fully adopted. To counteract this threat, organic seed producers must continue to emphasize the unique benefits of organic cultivation, such as environmental sustainability, health benefits, and support for biodiversity, to maintain their market position and attract more farmers towards organic practices.

Competitor Outlook

• Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds
• High Mowing Organic Seeds
• Seed Savers Exchange
• Johnny's Selected Seeds
• Organic Seed Alliance
• Territorial Seed Company
• Peaceful Valley Farm & Garden Supply
• Botanical Interests
• Southern Exposure Seed Exchange
• Seeds of Change
• Franchi Seeds of Italy
• Renee's Garden Seeds
• Starwest Botanicals
• True Leaf Market
• Harris Seeds

The competitive landscape of the organic seed market is characterized by a diverse array of players, ranging from small seed companies specializing in heirloom varieties to larger agricultural firms offering a broad selection of organic seeds. The proliferation of niche markets focused on organic products has allowed many smaller companies to thrive by providing unique and high-quality seed options that cater to specific consumer preferences. Additionally, established companies are increasingly investing in research and development to create innovative organic seed varieties that meet the evolving needs of farmers and gardeners. Partnerships and collaborations within the industry are also becoming more common, as companies seek to enhance their product offerings and expand their market reach.

Major companies in the organic seed market include Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds, which is known for its extensive catalog of heirloom seeds and commitment to preserving biodiversity. High Mowing Organic Seeds offers a wide variety of certified organic seeds and emphasizes organic farming education. Johnny's Selected Seeds is recognized for its innovative seed breeding programs and comprehensive resources for organic growers. These companies, among others, are distinguished by their focus on quality, sustainability, and customer education, which are crucial elements in the competitive organic seed landscape.

The market is also witnessing an increase in consumer awareness and demand for transparency in sourcing and production practices. Companies that prioritize eco-friendly practices and provide detailed information about their seeds and growing methods are likely to gain a competitive edge. As the organic seed market continues to expand, maintaining high standards for product quality and establishing strong relationships with consumers will be essential for companies aiming to succeed in this dynamic market environment.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Harris Seeds
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Seeds of Change
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 True Leaf Market
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Botanical Interests
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Starwest Botanicals
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Renee's Garden Seeds
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Seed Savers Exchange
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Organic Seed Alliance
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Franchi Seeds of Italy
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Johnny's Selected Seeds
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Territorial Seed Company
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 High Mowing Organic Seeds
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Southern Exposure Seed Exchange
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Peaceful Valley Farm & Garden Supply
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Organic Seed Market, By Seed Type
    • 6.1.1 Open-Pollinated Seeds
    • 6.1.2 Hybrid Seeds
    • 6.1.3 Heirloom Seeds
    • 6.1.4 Genetically Modified Seeds
    • 6.1.5 Organic Seeds
  • 6.2 Organic Seed Market, By Application
    • 6.2.1 Farmland Agriculture
    • 6.2.2 Greenhouse Agriculture
    • 6.2.3 Horticulture
  • 6.3 Organic Seed Market, By Product Type
    • 6.3.1 Vegetable Seeds
    • 6.3.2 Fruit Seeds
    • 6.3.3 Grain Seeds
    • 6.3.4 Herb Seeds
    • 6.3.5 Flower Seeds
  • 6.4 Organic Seed Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Online Stores
    • 6.4.2 Retail Stores
    • 6.4.3 Wholesale Distributors
    • 6.4.4 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Organic Seed Market by Region
  • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 India
      • 10.3.1.2 China
      • 10.3.1.3 Japan
      • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Organic Seed market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Vegetable Seeds
• Fruit Seeds
• Grain Seeds
• Herb Seeds
• Flower Seeds

By Application

• Farmland Agriculture
• Greenhouse Agriculture
• Horticulture

By Distribution Channel

• Online Stores
• Retail Stores
• Wholesale Distributors
• Direct Sales
• Others

By Seed Type

• Open-Pollinated Seeds
• Hybrid Seeds
• Heirloom Seeds
• Genetically Modified Seeds
• Organic Seeds

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds
• High Mowing Organic Seeds
• Seed Savers Exchange
• Johnny's Selected Seeds
• Organic Seed Alliance
• Territorial Seed Company
• Peaceful Valley Farm & Garden Supply
• Botanical Interests
• Southern Exposure Seed Exchange
• Seeds of Change
• Franchi Seeds of Italy
• Renee's Garden Seeds
• Starwest Botanicals
• True Leaf Market
• Harris Seeds