Metal to metal Seal Sales

Metal to Metal Seal Sales Market Outlook

The global metal to metal seal market is projected to reach USD 6.5 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 5.2% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is fueled by expanding industrial sectors, increasing demand for sealing solutions in high-pressure environments, and advancements in manufacturing technologies. The automotive, aerospace, and oil & gas industries significantly contribute to the market's growth, as they rely heavily on robust sealing solutions to ensure the integrity of fluid systems and prevent leaks. Furthermore, the ongoing trend of emphasizing environmental sustainability encourages manufacturers to adopt more efficient sealing materials, which, in turn, enhances market demand.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the metal to metal seal market is driven by several key factors that are shaping the industry landscape. Firstly, the rapid expansion of the oil and gas sector, especially in offshore applications, necessitates reliable sealing solutions capable of withstanding extreme pressure and temperature fluctuations. Secondly, the aerospace industry is experiencing a significant uptick in demand for lightweight yet strong materials, prompting the need for advanced sealing technologies to ensure safety and performance. Furthermore, the automotive industry's shift toward electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid technologies is creating new opportunities for metal to metal seals, as these vehicles require high-performance sealing solutions for batteries and other components. Additionally, the chemical processing sector's need for corrosion-resistant seals is boosting the market, as metal seals offer superior durability under harsh conditions. Lastly, the emergence of smart manufacturing technologies and automation is leading to the adoption of advanced sealing solutions that enhance operational efficiency, further propelling market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global metal to metal seal market is projected to reach USD 6.5 billion by 2035, with a CAGR of 5.2%.
• Significant demand is observed from the oil & gas and aerospace sectors, driving innovation in sealing technologies.
• The automotive industry is transitioning, leading to new applications for metal seals in EVs and hybrids.
• Emerging markets in Asia Pacific are presenting growth opportunities due to rapid industrialization.
• Technological advancements in manufacturing are enhancing the performance and lifespan of metal seals.

By Product Type

O-ring Seals:

O-ring seals are one of the most widely used sealing solutions, primarily due to their versatile applications and robust sealing capabilities. These seals are circular in shape and can be made from various materials, including rubber, silicone, and metal, providing high resistance to pressure and temperature fluctuations. O-rings are extensively utilized in hydraulic and pneumatic systems across sectors such as automotive and aerospace, where they help prevent fluid leaks and maintain system integrity. The growing demand for O-ring seals is attributed to their low manufacturing costs and ease of installation, making them a preferred option for many engineers and designers when crafting sealing solutions.

Gasket Seals:

Gasket seals are another critical category within the metal to metal seal market, creating a tight seal between two mating surfaces to prevent leakage of fluids and gases. They are commonly employed in various applications, from automotive engine assemblies to industrial machinery. Gaskets can be fabricated from an array of materials, including rubber, metal, and fiber-reinforced composites. The increasing use of gaskets in high-pressure applications, particularly in the oil & gas and chemical processing industries, drives the demand for this product type, as they ensure leak-proof connections in critical environments.

Washer Seals:

Washer seals play a crucial role in applications that require even pressure distribution across a surface area to avoid leaks and ensure durability. These seals are often used in conjunction with bolts and screws in various industrial applications such as construction, automotive, and machinery assemblies. The versatility of washer seals in different environments and their ability to withstand harsh conditions make them an essential component in securing joints and connections. The market for washer seals is expected to grow as industries increasingly prioritize reliability and longevity in their sealing solutions.

Diaphragm Seals:

Diaphragm seals are specialized sealing devices designed for applications where fluid pressure needs to be contained and managed safely. They are widely used in the chemical processing, pharmaceutical, and oil & gas industries, where the integrity of fluids is critical. Diaphragm seals provide an additional layer of safety by isolating the process fluid from the measuring instrument, ensuring accurate readings without contamination. The growing emphasis on process safety and environmental regulations is driving demand for diaphragm seals, further enhancing their market potential.

Cap Seals:

Cap seals are utilized primarily for preventing contamination and ensuring the integrity of the contents within containers and tanks. These seals are particularly important in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals, where maintaining product safety and quality is paramount. Cap seals can be designed in various configurations to meet specific application requirements and are often used in conjunction with other sealing technologies to provide comprehensive protection against leaks and contamination. The increasing focus on product safety and regulatory compliance is expected to boost the demand for cap seals, contributing to their market growth.

By Application

Oil & Gas:

The oil & gas industry is one of the largest consumers of metal to metal seals, as these seals are critical in ensuring the integrity of pipelines, valves, and drilling equipment. High-pressure and high-temperature conditions prevalent in this sector demand robust sealing solutions that can withstand extreme environments. The ongoing exploration and production activities in offshore and onshore oil fields are driving the demand for reliable sealing technologies, which helps prevent costly leaks and environmental hazards. As the industry continues to evolve, the need for innovative sealing solutions that comply with strict safety regulations will further enhance the growth of metal seals within this application area.

Automotive:

In the automotive sector, metal to metal seals are increasingly utilized in various components, including engines, transmissions, and exhaust systems. With the rise of electric vehicles and hybrid technologies, the demand for high-performance sealing solutions is on the rise. These seals are essential for maintaining fluid containment, ensuring engine performance, and enhancing overall vehicle reliability. Manufacturers are focusing on developing lightweight yet durable sealing materials to meet the evolving needs of the automotive industry, further driving the growth of metal seals in this application segment.

Aerospace:

The aerospace industry demands sealing solutions that can withstand extreme conditions, such as high altitudes and significant temperature variations. Metal to metal seals are critical for ensuring the safety and performance of aircraft, as they help to prevent fuel leaks and maintain critical systems under pressure. The growing trend towards more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly aircraft designs is also contributing to the demand for innovative sealing technologies. As air travel continues to rebound post-pandemic, the aerospace sector is likely to see increased investments in advanced sealing solutions, thereby driving the growth of metal to metal seals in this application area.

Chemical Processing:

In chemical processing, the integrity of seals directly impacts the safety and efficiency of operations. Metal to metal seals are crucial for preventing leaks of hazardous materials and ensuring that processes run smoothly. The increasing focus on safety regulations and environmental standards in the chemical industry is driving the adoption of high-quality sealing technologies. With the growth of chemical manufacturing and processing plants globally, the demand for metal seals that can withstand corrosive substances and high pressures is anticipated to rise significantly.

Industrial:

The industrial sector encompasses a wide range of applications where metal to metal seals are essential for maintaining equipment integrity and optimizing operational efficiency. From manufacturing machinery to piping systems, these seals play a vital role in preventing leaks and ensuring safe operations. The increasing demand for automation and the ongoing push for operational efficiency are driving the need for advanced sealing solutions that can withstand the rigors of industrial environments. As industries strive to enhance productivity while minimizing downtime, the market for metal seals in this application segment is expected to experience robust growth.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales represent a significant distribution channel for metal to metal seals, allowing manufacturers to establish strong relationships with their customers. This approach offers advantages such as personalized service, direct access to product specifications, and the ability to provide tailored solutions to meet specific project requirements. Direct sales are particularly favored by large enterprises and industries that require specialized sealing solutions, as they often seek comprehensive support throughout the procurement process. The growing trend of manufacturers engaging in direct sales strategies is expected to enhance market penetration and customer satisfaction.

Distributor Sales:

Distributor sales are a vital distribution channel in the metal to metal seal market, as they enable manufacturers to reach a broader audience. Distributors often have extensive networks and established relationships with various industries, facilitating the distribution of sealing products to end-users. The convenience of purchasing through distributors allows industries to access a wide range of sealing solutions quickly. As the demand for metal seals continues to grow, the distributor channel is expected to thrive, providing essential market reach for manufacturers.

Online Retail:

Online retail has become an increasingly popular distribution channel for metal to metal seals, providing customers with the convenience of shopping from anywhere and at any time. E-commerce platforms allow users to compare products, read reviews, and access a wide range of options, fostering informed purchasing decisions. The rise of online retail has democratized access to sealing solutions, enabling small businesses and individual consumers to procure high-quality products that may have previously been limited to larger distributors. As internet penetration continues to expand, the online retail channel is anticipated to contribute significantly to the overall metal to metal seal market growth.

OEM:

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) play a crucial role in the metal to metal seal market, as they integrate these sealing solutions into their products during the manufacturing process. OEM partnerships create opportunities for manufacturers to establish long-term relationships, ensuring a consistent demand for their sealing solutions. The growing trend of customization in OEM products drives the need for specialized sealing technologies, as manufacturers seek to enhance performance and reliability. As industries increasingly prioritize quality and performance in their products, the OEM distribution channel is expected to witness substantial growth.

Aftermarket:

The aftermarket distribution channel is essential for providing replacement and maintenance sealing solutions across various industries. As equipment ages, the need for replacement seals becomes critical to ensure continued performance and prevent leaks. The aftermarket sector is particularly important in industries such as automotive and industrial machinery, where regular maintenance is necessary to uphold operational efficiency. Manufacturers focusing on aftermarket solutions have the opportunity to tap into a lucrative market segment, especially as industries aim to maximize the lifespan of their equipment while minimizing downtime.

By Material Type

Stainless Steel:

Stainless steel is a prevalent material used in the production of metal to metal seals due to its excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and durability. This material is particularly effective in applications exposed to harsh environments, such as chemical processing and oil & gas industries, where exposure to aggressive fluids is common. The lightweight nature of stainless steel combined with its ability to maintain integrity under high pressure makes it an ideal choice for many sealing applications. As industries continue to prioritize reliability and longevity, the demand for stainless steel seals is expected to remain strong.

Titanium:

Titanium is increasingly being utilized for metal to metal seals, particularly in aerospace and high-performance applications due to its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. This material is highly valued for its ability to maintain structural integrity under extreme conditions, making it suitable for demanding environments such as aviation and military applications. The growing focus on lightweight materials in aerospace design is driving the adoption of titanium seals, which enhance fuel efficiency and overall performance. As technological advancements continue to improve titanium processing, the demand for titanium seals is anticipated to rise.

Inconel:

Inconel is a high-performance nickel-chromium alloy that is renowned for its resistance to extreme temperatures and oxidation, making it suitable for critical applications in the aerospace and chemical processing industries. Metal to metal seals made from Inconel are highly effective in high-stress environments, where traditional materials may fail. The growing emphasis on safety and efficiency in high-temperature applications drives the demand for Inconel seals, as they provide optimal performance and reliability. As industries evolve, the adoption of Inconel sealing solutions is expected to increase significantly.

Copper:

Copper is a traditional material used in metal to metal seals, valued for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. While primarily used in applications where heat dissipation is critical, copper seals also provide effective leak prevention in various systems. The affordability and availability of copper make it a popular choice for many industries, including automotive and industrial applications. However, the market for copper seals is facing competition from newer materials that offer enhanced performance characteristics. Nevertheless, copper remains a vital component in the sealing landscape, especially for specific applications where its unique properties are beneficial.

Aluminum:

Aluminum is increasingly being employed in the production of metal to metal seals, particularly in the automotive and aerospace industries. Its lightweight nature, coupled with good corrosion resistance, makes aluminum seals an attractive option for applications that require weight reduction without compromising performance. The demand for aluminum seals is growing as manufacturers focus on developing more fuel-efficient vehicles and aircraft. Additionally, advancements in aluminum processing technologies are enabling the production of high-quality seals that meet the stringent requirements of modern engineering applications.

By Region

The North American region holds a substantial share of the global metal to metal seal market, driven primarily by the presence of well-established industries such as oil & gas, automotive, and aerospace. The United States is a leading contributor to this market, with significant investments in exploration and production activities in unconventional oil and gas reserves. The CAGR for the North American market is expected to be around 4.7%, fueled by ongoing innovations and the introduction of advanced sealing technologies. Additionally, the regulatory environment in the region encourages the adoption of high-quality sealing solutions to meet stringent industry standards, further promoting market growth.

In Europe, the metal to metal seal market is also experiencing growth, with an increasing focus on environmental regulations and sustainable manufacturing practices. The automotive and aerospace sectors are significant contributors to this growth, as manufacturers seek to enhance the performance and reliability of their products. Moreover, the ongoing transition towards electric vehicles is generating a demand for specialized sealing solutions that cater to the unique requirements of EV technologies. The European market is expected to grow at a CAGR of about 5.0%, reflecting the region's commitment to innovation and sustainability in manufacturing.

Opportunities

The metal to metal seal market is poised for considerable opportunities, particularly as industries increasingly prioritize safety and performance in their operations. The rise of electric vehicles presents a unique opportunity for manufacturers of metal seals to develop innovative sealing solutions that cater to the distinct needs of EV applications. As the automotive industry transitions to more sustainable and efficient technologies, seals that can withstand the specific conditions of electric drivetrains and battery systems will be in high demand. Furthermore, the growing trend of automation and smart manufacturing in various sectors opens up avenues for advanced sealing technologies that enhance operational efficiency and reduce maintenance costs, allowing manufacturers to capitalize on this market shift.

Another opportunity lies in the expansion of manufacturing facilities in emerging markets, particularly in Asia Pacific and Latin America. As these regions continue to industrialize, the demand for metal to metal seals is expected to rise significantly across various sectors, including oil & gas, automotive, and chemical processing. Manufacturers that strategically position themselves in these growing markets can benefit from increased sales and market share. Additionally, collaborations and partnerships with local distributors and OEMs can further enhance market penetration, allowing manufacturers to establish a strong presence and tap into the evolving needs of these regions.

Threats

Despite the promising growth trajectory of the metal to metal seal market, certain threats could hinder its progress. One of the primary challenges is the volatility of raw material prices, which can significantly impact manufacturing costs and profit margins. Fluctuations in the prices of metals such as stainless steel, titanium, and copper may compel manufacturers to adjust their pricing strategies, potentially leading to reduced competitiveness in the market. Additionally, the increasing adoption of alternative sealing technologies—such as elastomeric seals and composite materials—poses a threat to the traditional metal to metal seal segment, as industries may opt for these alternatives in specific applications where they offer enhanced performance or cost advantages.

Furthermore, stringent regulations concerning environmental sustainability and product safety are creating challenges for manufacturers in the metal to metal seal market. As industries are compelled to adopt greener practices, manufacturers must invest in research and development to create environmentally friendly sealing solutions that meet regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these standards can lead to legal repercussions and damage to brand reputation. As such, manufacturers need to remain agile and responsive to market dynamics while continuing to innovate in order to maintain their competitive edge amid these challenges.

Competitor Outlook

• Parker Hannifin Corporation
• Freudenberg Sealing Technologies
• John Crane Inc.
• Metal Seals Corporation
• Seal & Design Inc.
• SKF Group
• Roxtec International AB
• Gates Corporation
• TE Connectivity Ltd.
• Advanced Sealing Technologies
• Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
• Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corp.
• Flexitallic Group
• Klinger Group
• A. R. M. Seals

The competitive landscape of the metal to metal seal market is characterized by a diverse range of players, each vying for market share through innovation, strategic partnerships, and extensive distribution networks. Companies such as Parker Hannifin Corporation and Freudenberg Sealing Technologies are recognized leaders, renowned for their focus on research and development. They continuously introduce advanced sealing solutions that cater to the evolving needs of various industries, cementing their positions as trusted suppliers in the market. Additionally, firms like John Crane Inc. and Metal Seals Corporation are focused on enhancing their production capabilities and expanding their product portfolios to meet the demands of high-performance applications.

Furthermore, companies such as SKF Group and Roxtec International AB are actively engaging in collaborations and partnerships to capitalize on emerging markets, particularly in Asia Pacific and Latin America. These strategic alliances enable them to enhance their market presence and tap into the growing demand for metal seals driven by industrialization in these regions. The emphasis on customer-centric approaches and tailored sealing solutions is becoming increasingly important, as manufacturers seek to provide value-added services that differentiate them from competitors.

In addition to established players, newer entrants and smaller firms are making their mark in the metal to metal seal market by focusing on niche applications and specialized products. For instance, Advanced Sealing Technologies and Flexitallic Group are gaining traction by offering innovative sealing solutions that cater to specific industry needs, thereby capturing market segments that larger companies may overlook. This competitive diversity fosters an environment of innovation, encouraging all manufacturers to continuously improve their offerings in order to retain and attract customers. The competitive dynamics of the market are expected to evolve as companies adapt to changing industry trends, technological advancements, and customer preferences.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 SKF Group
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Klinger Group
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 A. R. M. Seals
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 John Crane Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Flexitallic Group
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Gates Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Seal & Design Inc.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 TE Connectivity Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Metal Seals Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Roxtec International AB
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Parker Hannifin Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Advanced Sealing Technologies
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Freudenberg Sealing Technologies
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corp.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Metal to metal Seal Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Oil & Gas
    • 6.1.2 Automotive
    • 6.1.3 Aerospace
    • 6.1.4 Chemical Processing
    • 6.1.5 Industrial
  • 6.2 Metal to metal Seal Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 O-ring Seals
    • 6.2.2 Gasket Seals
    • 6.2.3 Washer Seals
    • 6.2.4 Diaphragm Seals
    • 6.2.5 Cap Seals
  • 6.3 Metal to metal Seal Sales Market, By Material Type
    • 6.3.1 Stainless Steel
    • 6.3.2 Titanium
    • 6.3.3 Inconel
    • 6.3.4 Copper
    • 6.3.5 Aluminum
  • 6.4 Metal to metal Seal Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributor Sales
    • 6.4.3 Online Retail
    • 6.4.4 OEM
    • 6.4.5 Aftermarket

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Metal to metal Seal Sales Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Metal to metal Seal Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• O-ring Seals
• Gasket Seals
• Washer Seals
• Diaphragm Seals
• Cap Seals

By Application

• Oil & Gas
• Automotive
• Aerospace
• Chemical Processing
• Industrial

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributor Sales
• Online Retail
• OEM
• Aftermarket

By Material Type

• Stainless Steel
• Titanium
• Inconel
• Copper
• Aluminum

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Parker Hannifin Corporation
• Freudenberg Sealing Technologies
• John Crane Inc.
• Metal Seals Corporation
• Seal & Design Inc.
• SKF Group
• Roxtec International AB
• Gates Corporation
• TE Connectivity Ltd.
• Advanced Sealing Technologies
• Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
• Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corp.
• Flexitallic Group
• Klinger Group
• A. R. M. Seals