Membrane Nitrogen Generators

Membrane Nitrogen Generators Market Outlook

The global membrane nitrogen generators market is projected to reach approximately USD 2.5 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 8.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is attributed to the rising demand for nitrogen generation in various industries such as oil & gas, chemicals, and food & beverage, where nitrogen is essential for maintaining product quality and safety. Additionally, the increasing focus on reducing operational costs by utilizing efficient and advanced nitrogen generation systems is bolstering market expansion. The emergence of innovative membrane technologies, along with stringent environmental regulations, is further propelling the market towards new heights. As companies seek sustainable solutions, membrane nitrogen generators are becoming a preferred alternative due to their low energy consumption and minimal maintenance requirements.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors are driving the growth of the membrane nitrogen generators market. Firstly, the increasing reliance on nitrogen in various industrial applications, such as in the food and beverage industry for preserving freshness, enhances market demand. Secondly, industries are increasingly adopting automation and advanced technologies to improve operational efficiency, which further necessitates the use of nitrogen. Thirdly, the growing emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions is leading industries to opt for energy-efficient technologies like membrane nitrogen generators. Moreover, the global trend towards sustainable manufacturing practices is prompting companies to explore alternatives to traditional nitrogen production methods, thereby boosting the market. Lastly, the ongoing innovations in membrane technology that improve efficiency and reduce costs are attracting more industries towards adopting membrane nitrogen generators.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Anticipated growth to USD 2.5 billion by 2035.
• Projected CAGR of 8.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Key applications in oil & gas, chemicals, and food & beverage industries.
• Increasing emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainable practices.
• Technological advancements driving innovation in membrane systems.

By Product Type

Hollow Fiber Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Hollow fiber membrane nitrogen generators are gaining significant traction in the market due to their compact design and high efficiency. These generators utilize hollow fiber membranes to separate nitrogen from air, making them ideal for applications requiring a continuous supply of nitrogen. Their ability to operate under a wide range of pressures and temperatures, alongside their relatively low maintenance requirements, makes them a popular choice among manufacturers. The hollow fiber technology is especially suited for industries like pharmaceuticals and electronic manufacturing, where the purity of nitrogen is crucial. As industries expand and demand for high-purity nitrogen increases, hollow fiber membrane generators are poised for substantial growth in the coming years.

Spiral Wound Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Spiral wound membrane nitrogen generators are recognized for their robust design and high-performance capabilities. This type of generator uses spiral-wound membrane technology to achieve efficient nitrogen separation, resulting in high purity outputs. Their compact footprint allows for easy integration into existing facilities, making them appealing for industries with space constraints. Spiral wound generators are particularly effective in large-scale operations, such as in the chemical and petrochemical sectors, where significant volumes of nitrogen are required. The ongoing advancements in spiral wound technology, aimed at enhancing efficiency and reducing energy consumption, are expected to further elevate the growth of this segment in the nitrogen generator market.

Plate-and-Frame Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Plate-and-frame membrane nitrogen generators are characterized by their modular design, which allows for the flexibility of scaling production according to industry needs. These generators utilize plate-and-frame configuration to achieve efficient nitrogen separation, providing a reliable source of nitrogen for various applications. Their ease of maintenance and ability to operate under challenging conditions make them suitable for industries such as food & beverage, where nitrogen is critical for packaging and preservation. Furthermore, the rise in demand for customized nitrogen solutions is likely to drive the adoption of plate-and-frame membrane generators in the coming years, as industries seek tailored solutions to meet their unique requirements.

Tubular Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Tubular membrane nitrogen generators are increasingly favored for their ability to handle high flow rates and varied operating conditions. This type of generator employs tubular membranes that facilitate the efficient separation of nitrogen, making them well-suited for applications in oil & gas extraction and chemical processing. Their durability and resistance to fouling further enhance their operational efficiency, leading to lower downtime and maintenance costs. As the demand for reliable nitrogen sources continues to grow in heavy industries, tubular membrane generators are expected to capture a larger share of the membrane nitrogen generator market.

Capillary Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Capillary membrane nitrogen generators are distinguished by their unique design that utilizes capillary membranes for effective nitrogen separation. This technology allows for high selectivity and purity of nitrogen while maintaining low energy consumption. Capillary generators are particularly advantageous in laboratory and pharmaceutical applications where ultra-high purity nitrogen is non-negotiable. The ongoing innovations in capillary membrane materials and designs are likely to further enhance the efficiency and applications of this technology, thereby increasing its market penetration as industries strive for greater purity and sustainability in their operations.

By Application

Oil & Gas:

The oil and gas industry is one of the primary applications for membrane nitrogen generators due to the critical need for inert gas during various extraction and refining processes. Nitrogen is indispensable in preventing explosions during drilling activities and is frequently used for purging and blanketing in storage facilities. The reliability and efficiency of membrane nitrogen generators make them an attractive option for companies looking to reduce operational costs while ensuring safety. The growing global energy demand coupled with rising investments in oil and gas exploration is expected to bolster the growth of this segment significantly over the coming years.

Chemicals & Petrochemicals:

In the chemicals and petrochemical segment, membrane nitrogen generators play a pivotal role in providing nitrogen for a variety of applications, including process stabilization and inerting. Nitrogen is crucial for safeguarding against oxidation and supporting chemical reactions that require an inert atmosphere. The increasing production of chemicals, alongside the rising need for sustainable practices in the industry, is driving the demand for efficient nitrogen solutions. Additionally, as manufacturers seek to enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impact, membrane nitrogen generators are becoming a preferred technology in the chemicals and petrochemicals sector.

Electronics:

The electronics industry relies heavily on nitrogen for various processes, including soldering and packaging, where it is essential for preventing oxidation and ensuring product quality. Membrane nitrogen generators provide a reliable source of high-purity nitrogen, which is critical for the manufacturing of electronic components. With the rapid expansion of the electronics market, driven by technological advancements and increasing consumer adoption of electronic devices, the demand for nitrogen generation solutions is anticipated to grow substantially. As industries aim for higher precision and lower defect rates, the adoption of membrane nitrogen generators is likely to see a significant uptick.

Food & Beverage:

In the food and beverage sector, nitrogen is extensively used for preserving product freshness and extending shelf life. Membrane nitrogen generators provide a practical solution for creating a nitrogen-rich atmosphere in packaging applications, thereby preventing spoilage and maintaining quality. The rising consumer preference for package integrity and longer shelf life is driving the demand for nitrogen solutions in this sector. Additionally, as food safety regulations become increasingly stringent, the need for reliable nitrogen generation technologies will continue to grow, further solidifying the position of membrane nitrogen generators in the food and beverage industry.

Pharmaceuticals:

The pharmaceutical industry utilizes nitrogen primarily for inerting and protecting sensitive compounds during production and packaging processes. Membrane nitrogen generators are critical in providing the high-purity nitrogen required for maintaining drug integrity. As the pharmaceutical sector witnesses substantial growth due to increasing healthcare demands and innovation in drug formulations, the adoption of efficient nitrogen generation solutions is expected to rise. Moreover, the trend towards higher compliance with safety and quality regulations will further enhance the reliance on membrane nitrogen generators in pharmaceutical applications.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales of membrane nitrogen generators represent a significant channel in the market, allowing manufacturers to engage directly with customers. This approach enables companies to better understand customer needs, offer tailored solutions, and provide comprehensive support services. Direct sales are particularly beneficial for industrial clients requiring customized nitrogen solutions, as it ensures a more personalized buying experience. Furthermore, manufacturers can establish long-term relationships with clients, which can lead to repeat purchases and brand loyalty. As industries increasingly prioritize efficiency and reliability, the direct sales channel is expected to thrive, contributing significantly to the overall market growth.

Indirect Sales:

Indirect sales channels, including distributors, resellers, and agents, play a vital role in the membrane nitrogen generators market by expanding the reach of manufacturers to a broader audience. These channels allow manufacturers to tap into various markets and industries that may not be directly accessible through direct sales. Indirect sales also provide customers with localized support and expertise, which can be crucial for industries with specific nitrogen generation needs. With the growing complexity of industrial applications, the indirect sales channel is likely to continue gaining traction, providing manufacturers with a strategic advantage in reaching diverse customer segments.

By Technology

Polymeric Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Polymeric membrane nitrogen generators are the most commonly used technology in the market, renowned for their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. These generators utilize polymeric materials to selectively allow nitrogen to permeate while blocking other gases. Their design is straightforward, making them relatively easy to operate and maintain. The widespread adoption of polymeric membrane technology is largely due to its ability to produce high-purity nitrogen at lower operational costs, which is particularly attractive to industries like food & beverage and pharmaceuticals where product quality is paramount. As industries increasingly focus on cost reduction and efficiency, the use of polymeric membrane nitrogen generators is expected to continue rising.

Inorganic Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Inorganic membrane nitrogen generators are recognized for their durability and ability to operate under extreme conditions. This technology typically employs ceramic materials to achieve high separation efficiency, making it suitable for applications that require reliability and high-performance nitrogen generation. The inorganic membranes are particularly beneficial in harsh environments prevalent in sectors such as oil & gas and chemicals, where the operational conditions can be challenging. As industries seek to improve efficiency and safety in demanding applications, the adoption of inorganic membrane nitrogen generators is likely to increase, thereby expanding this segment of the market.

Hybrid Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Hybrid membrane nitrogen generators combine the advantages of both polymeric and inorganic technologies, providing a versatile solution for nitrogen generation. This technology allows for improved efficiency and flexibility, making it suitable for a wide range of applications across different industries. The hybrid approach can address the varying needs of industries, offering enhanced performance at competitive costs. As manufacturers seek to optimize their nitrogen production while maintaining flexibility in their operations, the hybrid membrane nitrogen generators are set to gain significant traction in the market, appealing to a diverse customer base.

Supported Liquid Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Supported liquid membrane nitrogen generators represent an innovative technology that utilizes liquid-supported membranes to achieve efficient gas separation. This method allows for high selectivity and purity in nitrogen generation while minimizing energy consumption. Supported liquid membranes are particularly advantageous in applications where high efficiency and reduced environmental impact are paramount, such as in the pharmaceutical and food industries. As industries increasingly prioritize sustainability and efficiency, the adoption of supported liquid membrane technology is expected to grow, further diversifying the offerings within the nitrogen generation market.

Permeable Membrane Nitrogen Generators:

Permeable membrane nitrogen generators utilize membranes that allow for selective permeation of gases, facilitating efficient nitrogen production. This technology is beneficial for applications requiring consistent nitrogen purity and flow, making it suitable for sectors such as electronics and chemicals. As industries strive for innovation and enhanced operational performance, permeable membrane nitrogen generators are becoming an essential part of nitrogen generation strategies. The continuous advancements in membrane materials and designs are likely to boost the demand for permeable membrane technology in the coming years, thereby expanding its market presence.

By Region

In North America, the membrane nitrogen generators market is anticipated to witness significant growth due to the increasing demand for nitrogen in various industries, including oil & gas and food & beverage. The region's emphasis on innovation and technological advancements further supports the adoption of membrane nitrogen generators. By 2035, the North American market is projected to reach approximately USD 850 million, driven by the rising need for energy-efficient solutions and stringent regulations on emissions. The CAGR for this region is expected to be around 7.5%, reflecting the increasing investments in advanced nitrogen generation technologies.

In the Asia Pacific region, the membrane nitrogen generators market is also set for substantial growth, fueled by rapid industrialization and urbanization. The growing manufacturing sector in countries like China and India is a significant driver of demand for nitrogen generation solutions across various applications, including chemicals and electronics. By 2035, the Asia Pacific market is estimated to reach USD 900 million, representing a robust CAGR of 9.0%. The increasing focus on sustainability and operational efficiency in the region's industries will further enhance the adoption of membrane nitrogen generators, positioning Asia Pacific as a key player in the global market landscape.

Opportunities

As industries worldwide strive to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability, the membrane nitrogen generators market presents numerous opportunities for growth. The increasing demand for high-purity nitrogen in various applications, especially in pharmaceuticals and food packaging, is creating lucrative prospects for manufacturers. Additionally, the growing trend towards automation and Industry 4.0 practices is pushing companies to seek advanced nitrogen generation solutions that can integrate seamlessly with automated systems. This shift not only provides a platform for innovation in membrane technology but also enables producers to offer tailored solutions that meet specific industry requirements, further driving market expansion.

Moreover, as companies increasingly focus on reducing their environmental footprint, the demand for energy-efficient and low-emission nitrogen generation systems is expected to rise. This shift towards greener technologies presents a significant opportunity for manufacturers to develop innovative membrane solutions that not only meet industry needs but also align with global sustainability goals. With the increasing scrutiny on emissions and environmental impact, companies that prioritize the development of eco-friendly membrane nitrogen generators are likely to gain a competitive edge and capitalize on the growing demand for sustainable industrial practices.

Threats

Despite the promising growth of the membrane nitrogen generators market, several threats could impede its expansion. One of the primary challenges is the intense competition among manufacturers, leading to price wars and margin compression. As more companies enter the market, the need to differentiate products and maintain competitive pricing becomes essential, putting pressure on profitability. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancement necessitates continuous innovation, which can be resource-intensive and challenging for smaller manufacturers. Such factors could lead to market consolidation, further reducing the number of players and potentially stifling innovation.

Another significant threat is the fluctuating prices of raw materials required for manufacturing membrane nitrogen generators. Unpredictable fluctuations in the prices of polymers and inorganic materials can impact production costs, complicating pricing strategies for manufacturers. Furthermore, the reliance on global supply chains increases vulnerability to geopolitical tensions and disruptions, which can affect the timely availability of materials. As manufacturers navigate these challenges, they must develop strategies to mitigate risks and ensure the sustainability of their operations.

Competitor Outlook

• Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
• Generon IGS, Inc.
• Siemens AG
• Parker Hannifin Corporation
• Atlas Copco AB
• INOVATEUS Solar, LLC
• Helium & Nitrogen Solutions, LLC
• Compressed Gas Technologies, Inc.
• Air Liquide S.A.
• Linde plc
• Oxair Gas Systems Pty Ltd
• Novair Group
• GCE Group
• Rix Industries, Inc.
• Haskel International, Inc.

The competitive landscape of the membrane nitrogen generators market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies striving to innovate and capture market share. Major companies such as Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Linde plc are leveraging their extensive expertise to develop advanced nitrogen generation technologies, focusing on efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. These companies are also investing heavily in research and development initiatives to enhance their product offerings, ensuring they remain at the forefront of market trends. As competition intensifies, these industry leaders are likely to engage in strategic partnerships and collaborations to expand their reach and improve their technological capabilities.

Other notable players, such as Atlas Copco AB and Generon IGS, Inc., are adopting a similar approach, emphasizing innovation and customer-centric solutions. By focusing on creating tailored nitrogen generation systems that meet specific industry requirements, these companies are positioning themselves as preferred partners for businesses in sectors like oil & gas, food & beverage, and pharmaceuticals. The emphasis on customization and flexibility in product offerings is expected to become a key differentiating factor in this competitive market.

Furthermore, the emergence of startups and smaller companies specializing in niche markets is adding a dynamic element to the competitive landscape. These companies often focus on developing cutting-edge technologies and providing specialized solutions that cater to the unique needs of specific industries. As industries continue to evolve and demand more innovative nitrogen generation solutions, these smaller players may disrupt traditional market dynamics, driving further advancements and improvements across the market.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 GCE Group
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Linde plc
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Siemens AG
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Novair Group
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Atlas Copco AB
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Air Liquide S.A.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Generon IGS, Inc.
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 INOVATEUS Solar, LLC
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Rix Industries, Inc.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Oxair Gas Systems Pty Ltd
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Haskel International, Inc.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Parker Hannifin Corporation
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Helium & Nitrogen Solutions, LLC
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Compressed Gas Technologies, Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Membrane Nitrogen Generators Market, By Technology
    • 6.1.1 Polymeric Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.1.2 Inorganic Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.1.3 Hybrid Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.1.4 Supported Liquid Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.1.5 Permeable Membrane Nitrogen Generators
  • 6.2 Membrane Nitrogen Generators Market, By Application
    • 6.2.1 Oil & Gas
    • 6.2.2 Chemicals & Petrochemicals
    • 6.2.3 Electronics
    • 6.2.4 Food & Beverage
    • 6.2.5 Pharmaceuticals
  • 6.3 Membrane Nitrogen Generators Market, By Product Type
    • 6.3.1 Hollow Fiber Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.3.2 Spiral Wound Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.3.3 Plate-and-Frame Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.3.4 Tubular Membrane Nitrogen Generators
    • 6.3.5 Capillary Membrane Nitrogen Generators
  • 6.4 Membrane Nitrogen Generators Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Indirect Sales

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Membrane Nitrogen Generators Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Membrane Nitrogen Generators market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Hollow Fiber Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Spiral Wound Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Plate-and-Frame Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Tubular Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Capillary Membrane Nitrogen Generators

By Application

• Oil & Gas
• Chemicals & Petrochemicals
• Electronics
• Food & Beverage
• Pharmaceuticals

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Indirect Sales

By Technology

• Polymeric Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Inorganic Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Hybrid Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Supported Liquid Membrane Nitrogen Generators
• Permeable Membrane Nitrogen Generators

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
• Generon IGS, Inc.
• Siemens AG
• Parker Hannifin Corporation
• Atlas Copco AB
• INOVATEUS Solar, LLC
• Helium & Nitrogen Solutions, LLC
• Compressed Gas Technologies, Inc.
• Air Liquide S.A.
• Linde plc
• Oxair Gas Systems Pty Ltd
• Novair Group
• GCE Group
• Rix Industries, Inc.
• Haskel International, Inc.