Medical Non Implantable Batteries

Medical Non Implantable Batteries Market Outlook

The global Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market is projected to reach approximately USD 6.11 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 8.5% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth trajectory is largely driven by the increasing demand for portable medical devices, rising healthcare expenditures, and advancements in battery technology that enhance energy density, safety, and efficiency. As the medical industry progresses toward more mobile and patient-centered care, the requirement for reliable battery solutions has surged, prompting manufacturers to innovate in battery chemistry and design. Furthermore, the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population worldwide are key factors fueling the market demand for non-implantable medical devices powered by these batteries. Investment in research and development aimed at improving battery lifespan and performance continues to play a critical role in the expansion of this market.

Growth Factor of the Market

The Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market is witnessing significant growth due to several interrelated factors. Firstly, the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases has led to a higher demand for continuous monitoring and treatment solutions, such as patient monitoring devices and infusion pumps, which rely heavily on efficient battery technologies. Secondly, the advancements in technology, including miniaturization and enhanced functionality of medical devices, have necessitated the development of compact and high-capacity batteries. Thirdly, the shift towards home healthcare solutions, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has further driven the need for portable medical devices that require reliable power sources. Additionally, regulatory support and initiatives aimed at improving healthcare accessibility have stimulated innovation in medical battery technologies. Finally, the growing awareness regarding the sustainability of battery technologies has prompted the industry to adopt environmentally friendly solutions, thereby positively influencing market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Projected global market size of USD 6.11 billion by 2035.
• Estimated CAGR of 8.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Rising demand for portable medical devices and monitoring systems.
• Advancements in battery technology enhancing energy density and safety.
• Focus on environmentally sustainable battery solutions.

By Product Type

Lithium Batteries:

Lithium batteries are among the most prominent types used in the medical non-implantable battery market due to their high energy density and lightweight characteristics. These batteries can deliver reliable power for various medical devices, including portable monitors and diagnostic equipment, making them ideal for use in mobile healthcare settings. Their ability to maintain performance over a wide temperature range and their relatively low self-discharge rate contribute to their growing adoption in the medical sector. Furthermore, advancements in lithium-ion technology continue to enhance the safety and efficiency of these batteries, allowing for longer-lasting power solutions that are critical for patient care. As technology evolves, lithium batteries are expected to dominate the market owing to their superior performance and applicability in various medical device categories.

Nickel-Cadmium Batteries:

Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) batteries have been a traditional choice in the medical battery market for several decades. Known for their robustness and ability to perform well in extreme conditions, these batteries are particularly suitable for equipment that requires a reliable power source. Despite facing competition from newer battery technologies, NiCd batteries still find their niche in certain applications due to their low cost and ability to withstand deep discharges. They are commonly used in situations where high discharge rates are necessary, such as in certain surgical tools and portable medical devices. However, growing environmental concerns regarding cadmium's toxicity are prompting manufacturers to seek alternatives, which may affect the overall growth of this battery type in future medical applications.

Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries:

Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries are increasingly gaining traction in the medical non-implantable battery market due to their higher energy capacity compared to NiCd batteries. They offer a good balance between performance, safety, and environmental impact, making them a popular choice for various medical applications. These batteries are often used in patient monitoring devices and handheld diagnostic equipment owing to their capability to deliver stable and efficient power over an extended period. The improved recyclability and lower toxicity of NiMH batteries compared to traditional cadmium-based batteries align well with the ongoing emphasis on sustainability in healthcare. As the demand for eco-friendly medical solutions rises, NiMH batteries are poised to play a significant role in powering the future of medical devices.

Alkaline Batteries:

Alkaline batteries, while less common than lithium or NiMH batteries in critical medical applications, still hold a place in the medical non-implantable battery market. These batteries are primarily used in devices that require lower power consumption, such as remote controls for medical devices and some diagnostic tools. Their advantages include widespread availability, affordability, and longer shelf life compared to other battery types. However, their performance under high-drain conditions is limited, which restricts their use in more demanding medical applications. The market for alkaline batteries may not grow as rapidly as other battery types; however, they will continue to serve essential roles in certain medical environments where their characteristics are sufficient to meet operational needs.

Zinc-Air Batteries:

Zinc-Air batteries have emerged as an innovative solution in the medical non-implantable battery market, particularly in hearing aids and other auditory devices. These batteries operate using oxygen from the air, which interacts with zinc to produce electrical energy, leading to a lightweight and compact design. Their high energy density and ability to operate in small devices set them apart from more traditional battery technologies. Zinc-Air batteries provide longer usage times, making them ideal for devices that require sustained power without frequent replacements. As the demand for compact and efficient power sources in the hearing aid market continues to grow, Zinc-Air batteries are expected to see significant adoption and development, positioning them as a key player in the future of non-implantable medical batteries.

By Application

Patient Monitoring Devices:

Patient monitoring devices represent a critical application segment for medical non-implantable batteries. These devices, which include vital sign monitors and wearable sensors, require reliable and consistent power sources to ensure accurate and continuous monitoring of patients' health metrics. As healthcare shifts towards remote monitoring and telehealth solutions, the demand for portable patient monitoring systems has surged significantly. Consequently, the need for high-performance batteries that can support extended usage times without frequent recharging has become paramount. Innovations in battery technology, such as improved energy density and safety features, are enabling manufacturers to produce batteries that meet the rigorous demands of these applications, ultimately enhancing patient care and improving health outcomes.

Infusion Pumps:

Infusion pumps are another key application area for medical non-implantable batteries, providing controlled delivery of medications and fluids to patients. These devices require batteries that can deliver precise amounts of power over extended periods, ensuring uninterrupted function during critical scenarios. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases requiring long-term infusion therapy underscores the need for advanced battery solutions in this segment. Batteries employed in infusion pumps must be designed to withstand frequent charging cycles while maintaining performance, safety, and reliability. As healthcare providers increasingly adopt smart infusion devices equipped with advanced monitoring capabilities, the demand for high-quality batteries that can support these technological advancements is expected to rise significantly.

Portable Medical Equipment:

Portable medical equipment, ranging from ultrasound machines to blood glucose meters, relies heavily on non-implantable batteries to provide mobility and convenience for healthcare professionals and patients alike. The ongoing trend toward point-of-care testing and home healthcare solutions is driving the growth of this application segment. As such, manufacturers are focusing on developing batteries that are lightweight, compact, and capable of sustaining high performance under various conditions. Innovations in battery chemistry continue to enhance the capabilities of portable medical devices, allowing them to deliver accurate diagnostics and treatments even in remote locations. The advancements in battery technology are critical for maximizing the efficiency of portable medical equipment, directly impacting patient outcomes and healthcare accessibility.

Diagnostic Devices:

Diagnostic devices, including those used in laboratory settings and point-of-care testing, constitute a vital application segment for medical non-implantable batteries. The ability to provide quick and reliable diagnostic results is essential in modern healthcare, necessitating the use of high-performance batteries that can power complex testing equipment effectively. As the demand for rapid and accurate diagnostics increases, especially in the wake of global health crises, the reliance on advanced battery technologies grows. The integration of smart technology in diagnostic devices, which often requires real-time data processing and transmission, further elevates the need for batteries that can support these functions without compromising on performance or safety.

Surgical Tools:

Surgical tools powered by non-implantable batteries are essential in modern surgical procedures, offering precision and reliability. These tools, including electrosurgical devices and powered surgical instruments, require batteries that can deliver consistent and high power output to facilitate efficient performance during critical operations. The increasing complexity of surgical procedures and the demand for minimally invasive techniques have led to a rise in the utilization of battery-operated surgical tools. As the medical community continues to embrace innovative surgical technologies, the need for advanced battery solutions that enhance tool functionality, improve safety, and reduce downtime is becoming increasingly important. The evolution of battery technology in this segment will play a significant role in enhancing surgical outcomes and patient safety.

By Distribution Channel

Hospitals:

Hospitals are one of the primary distribution channels for medical non-implantable batteries, as they represent a significant portion of the healthcare infrastructure requiring reliable power sources for various medical devices. Within hospitals, batteries are utilized in a wide array of applications, from patient monitoring systems to surgical tools, thereby necessitating a consistent supply of high-quality batteries. The purchasing decisions in hospitals are often influenced by regulatory standards, patient safety concerns, and the need for long-lasting performance, all of which drive hospitals to partner with reputable battery manufacturers. As hospitals increasingly invest in advanced medical technologies, the demand for efficient and safe battery solutions is expected to rise, leading to a robust market for non-implantable batteries in this distribution channel.

Clinics:

Clinics serve as another pivotal distribution channel for medical non-implantable batteries, particularly for outpatient and diagnostic services. The increasing number of clinics providing specialized healthcare services has amplified the demand for portable and reliable medical devices powered by these batteries. Clinics often require batteries that can sustain the performance of diagnostic equipment and handheld devices used for patient assessments. The convenience and accessibility of these batteries make them a preferred choice for clinic operations, where efficiency and mobility are paramount. As clinics continue to expand their capabilities and adopt innovative healthcare technologies, the significance of non-implantable batteries as a reliable power source will continue to grow.

Online Retailers:

Online retailers have become an increasingly important distribution channel for medical non-implantable batteries, particularly in the context of rising e-commerce trends. The convenience and competitive pricing offered by online platforms make them an attractive option for healthcare providers, medical facilities, and even consumers seeking batteries for personal medical devices. The online marketplace facilitates easy access to a wide variety of battery types and brands, allowing customers to make informed purchasing decisions. Furthermore, as manufacturers expand their online presence, the visibility and reach of their products increase, contributing to overall market growth. The growing trend toward online purchasing is set to reshape the distribution landscape of medical batteries significantly, providing ample opportunities for manufacturers and suppliers alike.

Medical Device Stores:

Medical device stores represent a crucial distribution channel for medical non-implantable batteries, serving both healthcare professionals and consumers looking for specialized medical products. These stores typically offer a range of medical devices and components, including batteries necessary for device operation. The advantage of medical device stores lies in their ability to provide personalized service and expert advice, ensuring that customers select the appropriate batteries for their specific requirements. As the demand for medical devices continues to rise, the need for a reliable supply of associated components, such as batteries, will also grow. Medical device stores are likely to play an essential role in bridging the gap between manufacturers and end-users, reinforcing the overall market for non-implantable batteries.

Others:

The "Others" distribution channel encompasses various alternative avenues for the sale and distribution of medical non-implantable batteries, including wholesalers and specialty retailers. This segment may also include direct sales by manufacturers to healthcare institutions and other stakeholders. As the market landscape continues to evolve, these alternative channels are becoming increasingly relevant. They provide additional options for customers seeking battery solutions for specific medical applications or niche markets. The diversification of distribution channels contributes to the overall accessibility and availability of medical non-implantable batteries, ultimately supporting market growth. Companies that can effectively leverage these diverse distribution strategies are likely to capitalize on emerging opportunities within the industry.

By Region

The regional analysis of the Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market reveals distinct trends and growth patterns across various geographical areas. North America holds a significant share of the market, driven by a strong healthcare infrastructure, high levels of investment in medical technology, and an increasing emphasis on home healthcare solutions. The region is expected to witness a CAGR of around 8.0% over the forecast period, supported by the rising demand for portable medical devices and advancements in battery technologies. Additionally, the presence of several key players in the region and ongoing research initiatives aimed at enhancing battery performance are likely to further fuel the market growth in North America.

In Europe, the market for Medical Non-Implantable Batteries is also experiencing robust growth, primarily attributed to an aging population and rising incidences of chronic diseases. The region's focus on improving healthcare outcomes and increasing investments in medical research and innovations are propelling the demand for efficient battery solutions. Asia Pacific is anticipated to showcase the highest growth rate, with an increasing adoption of advanced healthcare technologies and the expansion of healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies. Countries like China and India are witnessing a surge in the demand for medical devices, providing a substantial opportunity for the medical battery market. With the combined growth rates of these regions, the global market for medical non-implantable batteries is expected to thrive over the coming years.

Opportunities

The Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market is poised to explore numerous opportunities in the coming years, largely driven by technological advancements and the rising demand for portable medical devices. One of the major opportunities lies in the development of next-generation battery technologies, such as solid-state batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries, which promise improved energy density and safety. As healthcare providers increasingly invest in innovative medical devices and telehealth solutions, the demand for high-performance batteries that can support these technologies will continue to grow. Furthermore, as healthcare systems become more focused on patient-centered care, the need for batteries that facilitate remote monitoring and home healthcare applications is likely to expand significantly. This shift not only opens avenues for manufacturers to innovate but also encourages collaborations between battery producers and medical device manufacturers to create integrated solutions that cater to emerging healthcare needs.

Additionally, the growing emphasis on sustainability within the healthcare sector presents substantial opportunities for the Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market. The increasing awareness of environmental concerns is driving demand for eco-friendly battery solutions, such as those that utilize recyclable materials and exhibit lower toxicity. Manufacturers that prioritize sustainability in their product development will be well-positioned to capture market segments that value environmentally responsible practices. Moreover, the ongoing regulatory changes promoting the use of safer and greener battery technologies will serve as a catalyst for innovation in this sector. By aligning their strategies with these evolving trends, companies can capitalize on the opportunities presented by the changing landscape of medical batteries and establish themselves as leaders in the market.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects of the Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market, several threats could pose challenges to its advancement. One of the primary threats involves the increasing competition among battery manufacturers, leading to price wars and pressure on profit margins. As more companies enter the market, especially with the rise of e-commerce and online retailing, the competitive landscape is expected to intensify, making it difficult for existing players to maintain their market share. Moreover, rapid advancements in battery technology mean that manufacturers must continually invest in research and development to keep up with innovations and customer expectations. Failure to adapt to these evolving technologies may result in obsolescence, hindering the growth of companies that do not keep pace with the industry.

Another significant threat to the market is the stringent regulatory environment surrounding battery production and safety standards. Regulatory bodies are continually updating guidelines to enhance product safety and environmental sustainability, and failure to comply with these regulations may result in financial penalties and reputational damage for manufacturers. Additionally, the increasing focus on environmental sustainability has led to heightened scrutiny of battery materials and their impact on the environment. Manufacturers must navigate these regulatory challenges while also ensuring that their products meet the growing demand for environmentally friendly battery solutions. These factors collectively contribute to a complex landscape that medical battery manufacturers must carefully navigate to succeed in this evolving market.

Competitor Outlook

• Duracell Inc.
• Energizer Holdings, Inc.
• Panasonic Corporation
• Saft Groupe S.A.
• Varta AG
• Maxell Holdings, Ltd.
• Eveready Industries India Ltd.
• Sony Corporation
• Whelen Engineering Company, Inc.
• Crown Battery Manufacturing Company
• Exide Technologies
• GS Yuasa International Ltd.
• AMETEK, Inc.
• Fujitsu Ltd.
• Chemical Technologies Inc.

The competitive landscape of the Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market is characterized by a diverse array of players, ranging from established global companies to specialized manufacturers. The presence of major battery producers such as Duracell, Energizer, and Panasonic indicates a high level of competition, especially in terms of product innovation and quality. These companies leverage their significant resources toward research and development, which allows them to introduce advanced battery technologies and maintain a competitive edge. The competition is further intensified by rapid technological advancements that are reshaping the market dynamics, as companies must continuously innovate to meet the evolving demands of the healthcare sector.

In addition to established companies, there is a growing number of startups and niche manufacturers focusing on specific applications within the medical battery market. These agile players often specialize in innovative battery solutions that cater to specialized needs, such as rechargeable batteries for hearing aids or compact power sources for portable medical devices. Their ability to quickly adapt to market changes and address specific customer demands gives them a unique advantage in a highly competitive environment. As the market continues to expand, collaborations and partnerships between battery manufacturers and medical device companies are likely to emerge, fostering innovation and enhancing product offerings in the sector.

Key companies in the Medical Non-Implantable Batteries market are focusing on strategic partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions to expand their market presence and enhance their product portfolios. For instance, companies like Saft Groupe and Varta AG have been actively involved in strategic collaborations to develop advanced battery technologies tailored for medical applications. These collaborations not only strengthen their technological capabilities but also allow them to broaden their customer base and penetrate new markets effectively. Additionally, companies are investing in sustainability initiatives, focusing on developing eco-friendly batteries that align with the growing demand for environmentally responsible healthcare solutions. This trend reflects a shift in the industry, as market players prioritize sustainability as a key differentiator in their products and business strategies.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Varta AG
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 AMETEK, Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Fujitsu Ltd.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Duracell Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Saft Groupe S.A.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Sony Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Exide Technologies
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Maxell Holdings, Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Panasonic Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Energizer Holdings, Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Chemical Technologies Inc.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 GS Yuasa International Ltd.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Eveready Industries India Ltd.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Whelen Engineering Company, Inc.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Crown Battery Manufacturing Company
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Medical Non Implantable Batteries Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Patient Monitoring Devices
    • 6.1.2 Infusion Pumps
    • 6.1.3 Portable Medical Equipment
    • 6.1.4 Diagnostic Devices
    • 6.1.5 Surgical Tools
  • 6.2 Medical Non Implantable Batteries Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Lithium Batteries
    • 6.2.2 Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
    • 6.2.3 Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
    • 6.2.4 Alkaline Batteries
    • 6.2.5 Zinc-Air Batteries
  • 6.3 Medical Non Implantable Batteries Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Hospitals
    • 6.3.2 Clinics
    • 6.3.3 Online Retailers
    • 6.3.4 Medical Device Stores
    • 6.3.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Medical Non Implantable Batteries Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Medical Non Implantable Batteries market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Lithium Batteries
• Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
• Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
• Alkaline Batteries
• Zinc-Air Batteries

By Application

• Patient Monitoring Devices
• Infusion Pumps
• Portable Medical Equipment
• Diagnostic Devices
• Surgical Tools

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Online Retailers
• Medical Device Stores
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Duracell Inc.
• Energizer Holdings, Inc.
• Panasonic Corporation
• Saft Groupe S.A.
• Varta AG
• Maxell Holdings, Ltd.
• Eveready Industries India Ltd.
• Sony Corporation
• Whelen Engineering Company, Inc.
• Crown Battery Manufacturing Company
• Exide Technologies
• GS Yuasa International Ltd.
• AMETEK, Inc.
• Fujitsu Ltd.
• Chemical Technologies Inc.