Low GWP Blowing Agents

Low GWP Blowing Agents Market Outlook

The global Low GWP (Global Warming Potential) Blowing Agents market is poised to reach approximately USD 2.5 billion by 2035, registering a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 7.2% from 2025 to 2035. The increasing awareness regarding environmental sustainability and regulatory mandates aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions are pivotal growth factors for this market. Additionally, the growing demand for energy-efficient insulation materials, especially in the construction and automotive industries, is expected to accelerate the adoption of low GWP blowing agents. Moreover, advancements in technology and formulation processes are allowing manufacturers to develop more efficient and sustainable products. The shift from traditional high GWP agents to more environmentally friendly alternatives represents a significant trend shaping the market landscape.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the primary growth factors for the Low GWP Blowing Agents market is the stringent regulations set forth by governments worldwide to curb emissions of high GWP substances. This regulatory pressure is pushing industries to transition to low GWP alternatives, thus fostering an environment conducive to market growth. Furthermore, the construction sector is becoming increasingly cognizant of the need for sustainable materials, which has led to a rising demand for low GWP blowing agents in insulation applications. The automotive industry is also playing a significant role, as manufacturers seek to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce carbon footprints, thus incorporating low GWP agents into their production processes. Additionally, the global shift toward green building practices has spurred investments in research and development, enabling innovations that cater to the rising demand for eco-friendly products. Lastly, consumer preference for sustainable products continues to drive demand, placing a premium on manufacturers that prioritize environmental responsibility.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Rapid growth in the construction industry is increasing the demand for low GWP blowing agents.
• Regulatory pressures are encouraging manufacturers to shift from high GWP substances.
• Technological advancements are leading to the development of more efficient formulations.
• Increased consumer awareness regarding environmental issues is influencing market dynamics.
• Growing applications in the automotive sector further broaden the market opportunities.

By Product Type

Hydrocarbons:

Hydrocarbons, including substances like propane and butane, are emerging as some of the most favored low GWP blowing agents due to their favorable environmental profiles. These agents are not only effective but also cost-efficient, making them increasingly popular for use in various applications such as polyurethane and polystyrene foams. The volatility and lower thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons contribute to their superior performance in insulation materials. Additionally, their low toxicity and minimal impact on ozone depletion align with the global shift toward sustainability, allowing manufacturers to meet regulatory requirements while maintaining product efficacy. This segment is anticipated to witness robust growth, driven by an expanding array of applications across multiple industries.

Hydrofluoroolefins:

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) represent a significant advancement in the realm of blowing agents, offering low GWP potential while delivering high efficiency. These compounds are particularly advantageous due to their ability to provide excellent thermal insulation properties without contributing to ozone depletion. HFOs have gained traction in applications like refrigeration and foam production, where their performance characteristics are highly valued. The growing inclination towards adopting HFOs is propelled by their compatibility with existing manufacturing processes, which facilitates a smoother transition from traditional blowing agents. As environmental regulations evolve, the uptake of HFOs is expected to increase due to their favorable environmental profiles and performance capabilities.

Hydrofluorocarbons:

While Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been widely used as blowing agents, their high GWP has prompted a reevaluation of their role in the industry. However, HFCs still hold a significant market share due to their effectiveness in various applications. Many manufacturers are focusing on transitioning to lower GWP alternatives, but the existing infrastructure and familiarity with HFCs continue to sustain their demand. In the short term, HFCs may still be utilized in specific applications where no viable alternative exists, although the long-term outlook will increasingly favor more sustainable solutions. The ongoing phase-out efforts and environmental concerns are expected to shift market dynamics, leading to a gradual decline in HFC utilization.

Carbon Dioxide:

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has emerged as a viable low GWP blowing agent, valued for its abundance and favorable environmental profile. It is particularly advantageous in applications such as foam production and food packaging, where a non-toxic and environmentally benign option is essential. The ability of CO2 to provide adequate performance in terms of thermal insulation makes it a commendable choice for various sectors. Moreover, its adoption aligns with sustainability goals since CO2 is a naturally occurring substance. As industries become more environmentally conscious, CO2's role as a blowing agent is anticipated to grow, driven by technological advancements that enhance its efficacy in various applications.

Methyl Formate:

Methyl Formate is gaining recognition as a low GWP blowing agent due to its commendable performance characteristics and low toxicity. This agent is particularly useful in applications requiring high efficiency, such as polyurethane foams used in insulation and packaging. Methyl Formate's renewable nature and biodegradability add to its appeal, making it a preferable choice for environmentally conscious manufacturers. As the industry shifts towards sustainable materials, the demand for Methyl Formate is expected to increase, supported by its ability to meet stringent environmental regulations while providing effective insulation solutions. This segment is poised for growth as manufacturers seek safe and sustainable alternatives to traditional blowing agents.

By Application

Polyurethane Foams:

Polyurethane foams are one of the largest application segments for low GWP blowing agents, primarily used for insulation in buildings and refrigeration. The energy efficiency provided by these foams significantly contributes to reducing overall energy consumption in residential and commercial applications. The increasing focus on sustainable building practices has led to a growing demand for polyurethanes that utilize low GWP blowing agents, as they help meet green building certification standards. The versatility of polyurethane foams in various densities and formulations allows for a wide range of applications, further driving their market share in the blowing agents sector.

Polystyrene Foams:

Polystyrene foams, particularly in the form of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS), are extensively used for insulation and packaging. The demand for low GWP blowing agents in this segment is rapidly increasing as manufacturers seek eco-friendly alternatives that meet regulatory standards while maintaining high performance. The thermal resistance properties of polystyrene foams make them ideal for energy-efficient building structures. With an increasing number of policies aimed at reducing carbon footprints, the transition to low GWP agents in this segment is expected to gain momentum, supported by ongoing innovations in foam technologies.

Phenolic Foams:

Phenolic foams are known for their excellent fire resistance, low thermal conductivity, and moisture resistance, making them suitable for industrial insulation applications. The use of low GWP blowing agents in phenolic foams is becoming more prevalent as manufacturers recognize the importance of sustainability in their production processes. These foams are increasingly applied in sectors like construction, refrigeration, and transportation where high-performance insulation is required. The shift toward using environmentally friendly blowing agents is not only a regulatory necessity but also a competitive advantage for companies in the phenolic foam market.

Polyolefin Foams:

Polyolefin foams are gaining traction in the low GWP blowing agents market due to their lightweight and flexible properties, making them suitable for various applications, including packaging and automotive components. Their resistance to moisture and chemicals further enhances their appeal in diverse environments. The shift towards sustainable materials has led to increased demand for polyolefin foams that utilize low GWP blowing agents, as they help manufacturers comply with environmental regulations without compromising on quality. With the rising trend of lightweight materials in industries, the demand for polyolefin foams is expected to continue on an upward trajectory.

Others:

Besides the primary applications mentioned, there are various other applications where low GWP blowing agents are utilized, such as in the manufacturing of adhesives, sealants, and coatings. These applications are increasingly recognizing the benefits of low GWP agents in enhancing product performance while adhering to environmental standards. As industries expand their focus on sustainability, the use of low GWP blowing agents in these ancillary applications is projected to grow, driven by consumer demand for greener products. The versatility of these agents across multiple applications ensures a broad market potential as manufacturers continue to innovate and prioritize environmental responsibility.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales channels are integral to the distribution of low GWP blowing agents, allowing manufacturers to establish strong relationships with end-users. This approach ensures that customers receive tailored solutions that meet their specific needs while also facilitating direct feedback for product improvement. The emphasis on sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations encourages manufacturers to focus on direct sales, as it allows for better communication regarding product benefits and technical specifications. Additionally, direct sales provide manufacturers with greater control over their supply chains, helping to streamline operations and enhance customer satisfaction. As the market continues to grow, the role of direct sales in the distribution of low GWP blowing agents will only increase.

Indirect Sales:

Indirect sales channels, which include distributors and third-party retailers, also play a significant role in the market for low GWP blowing agents. These channels allow manufacturers to extend their reach to a broader customer base and tap into new geographic markets. By leveraging the existing infrastructure and networks of distributors, manufacturers can efficiently promote their products and drive sales without incurring substantial overhead costs. The indirect sales model is particularly beneficial for small and medium-sized enterprises that may lack the resources to establish extensive direct sales operations. As demand for low GWP agents grows, the effectiveness of indirect sales channels will be vital in facilitating market penetration and enhancing visibility in diverse sectors.

By Ingredient Type

Cyclopentane:

Cyclopentane is increasingly recognized as a key ingredient in the formulation of low GWP blowing agents, particularly for rigid polyurethane foams. Its low environmental impact and high efficiency make it an attractive option for manufacturers looking to comply with stringent regulations. Cyclopentane offers excellent thermal insulation properties, which is essential for applications in the construction and refrigeration sectors. With the rising demand for energy-efficient materials, cyclopentane's role in the market is expected to grow significantly, supported by ongoing innovations that enhance its performance attributes.

Isobutane:

Isobutane is another important ingredient type in low GWP blowing agents, particularly valued for its low GWP and high energy efficiency. It is widely used in the production of polyurethane foams, where its performance characteristics prove beneficial for thermal insulation. Manufacturers are increasingly adopting isobutane due to its compatibility with existing production processes, facilitating an easier transition from high GWP alternatives. The growing consumer preference for eco-friendly products is further driving the demand for isobutane in a variety of applications, including packaging and automotive components.

HFO-1234yf:

HFO-1234yf is a hydrofluoroolefin that has become popular as a low GWP blowing agent, especially in refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Its low environmental impact, combined with excellent thermal performance, makes it a favorable choice among manufacturers. The growing emphasis on sustainability in the automotive and HVAC industries has accelerated the adoption of HFO-1234yf, aligning with regulatory efforts to phase out high GWP substances. As manufacturers look for reliable alternatives, the demand for HFO-1234yf is expected to rise, supported by its promising performance characteristics.

HFO-1234ze:

HFO-1234ze is another emerging ingredient in the low GWP blowing agents market, offering excellent thermal stability and low GWP potential. Its effectiveness in foam applications, particularly in rigid and flexible foams, makes it an increasingly popular choice for manufacturers focused on sustainability. HFO-1234ze's ability to meet the stringent requirements of various industries while providing reliable performance positions it favorably in the market. As the transition toward environmentally friendly materials continues, the utilization of HFO-1234ze is expected to grow rapidly across multiple applications.

HFC-245fa:

HFC-245fa, while traditionally a high GWP blowing agent, is witnessing a shift towards lower GWP alternatives as manufacturers seek to comply with evolving regulations. Despite its advantages in insulation applications, the industry is actively exploring options to replace HFC-245fa with more sustainable blowing agents. The ongoing research and development efforts are focused on finding effective substitutes that can meet the performance benchmarks set by HFC-245fa without compromising on environmental standards. As the market adapts to the changing landscape, the long-term outlook for HFC-245fa remains uncertain as new low GWP agents gain traction.

By Region

The Low GWP Blowing Agents market sees a diverse landscape across regions, with North America and Europe leading the charge in adopting low GWP technologies. North America, driven by stringent environmental regulations and a robust construction sector, holds a significant market share, projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% between 2025 and 2035. The region's emphasis on sustainability and energy efficiency is fostering innovations in the formulation of low GWP blowing agents, particularly in polyurethane and polystyrene foams. Furthermore, the automotive industry's shift towards greener alternatives is anticipated to further bolster demand in North America.

In Europe, the demand for low GWP blowing agents is heavily influenced by the European Union's stringent policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Countries like Germany, France, and the United Kingdom are at the forefront of this transition, driving the adoption of low GWP alternatives in various applications. The European market is expected to witness significant growth, supported by continuous technological advancements and an increasing focus on sustainable building practices. While Asia Pacific is emerging as a promising region with rapid industrialization and growing urbanization, the market growth in this region is expected to follow the trends established in North America and Europe, as environmental concerns gain traction. Overall, the global market outlook remains positive, with regions adapting to the demand for low GWP solutions.

Opportunities

The Low GWP Blowing Agents market presents numerous opportunities as industries increasingly prioritize sustainability and environmental responsibility. One of the foremost opportunities lies in the construction sector, where the demand for energy-efficient materials is surging. Manufacturers of insulation materials are actively seeking low GWP alternatives to enhance their product offerings and comply with stringent regulations. As green building certifications become more prevalent, the adoption of low GWP blowing agents in construction materials is set to increase significantly. Moreover, innovations in formulation technology are creating new applications for low GWP agents, ranging from automotive components to packaging, thus broadening market prospects across various industries.

Another opportunity arises from the growing consumer awareness regarding climate change and environmental issues. As consumers demand more eco-friendly products, manufacturers are encouraged to innovate and implement sustainable practices in their operations. This shift not only benefits the environment but also enhances brand reputation and consumer loyalty. Additionally, collaborations between manufacturers and research institutions are paving the way for the development of next-generation low GWP blowing agents with improved performance characteristics. Such partnerships are crucial for driving innovation and addressing the evolving demands of the marketplace. As regulatory frameworks continue to tighten globally, the proactive adoption of low GWP solutions will place companies in a favorable position to capture market share and achieve long-term growth.

Threats

Despite the promising landscape for the Low GWP Blowing Agents market, several threats could hinder its growth trajectory. One of the most significant threats is the potential for regulatory changes that may impact the use and adoption of specific blowing agents. As governments worldwide intensify their focus on environmental policies, changes in regulations can create uncertainty for manufacturers who are in the process of transitioning to low GWP alternatives. Additionally, the development of new competitors or substitutes that emerge with better performance or cost-effectiveness could challenge the market position of existing low GWP agents, leading to increased competition and potential price wars.

Moreover, the economic fluctuations and uncertainties in global markets can pose challenges for manufacturers in the Low GWP Blowing Agents sector. Economic downturns may lead to reduced investments in construction and industrial projects, which would significantly impact the demand for blowing agents. Furthermore, supply chain disruptions, as seen in recent years due to global events, could limit the availability of raw materials essential for producing low GWP agents. This disruption not only affects production timelines but also increases costs, ultimately impacting profitability. Manufacturers must remain vigilant and adaptable to navigate these potential threats while ensuring they continue to innovate and meet market demands.

Competitor Outlook

• Honeywell International Inc.
• Arkema S.A.
• Solvay S.A.
• Daikin Industries, Ltd.
• Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
• Foam Supplies, Inc.
• Refrigerant Solutions, LLC
• Guanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd.
• Chemtura Corporation
• Huntsman Corporation
• Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
• Fujian Huaqiao Chemical Co., Ltd.
• SK Chemical Co., Ltd.
• Haltermann Carless
• SI Group, Inc.

The competitive landscape of the Low GWP Blowing Agents market is characterized by a diverse set of players, ranging from large multinational corporations to specialized manufacturers. These companies are actively engaged in research and development efforts to innovate new formulations and improve the performance of low GWP agents. Strategic partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions are common as companies seek to enhance their market presence and broaden their product portfolios. The focus on sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations is driving enterprises to invest in technologies that minimize their carbon footprint, further intensifying competition within the market.

Honeywell International Inc. stands out as a leading player in the Low GWP Blowing Agents market, offering a range of environmentally friendly alternatives, including their innovative HFOs. The company has established a strong reputation for its commitment to sustainability and technological advancements, making it a preferred choice among manufacturers seeking reliable solutions. Arkema S.A. is another key competitor, known for its diverse range of chemical products and its focus on developing low GWP alternatives to meet evolving market demands. The company invests heavily in R&D to create effective solutions that align with regulatory requirements and customer expectations.

Daikin Industries, Ltd., a prominent player in the HVAC sector, is also making significant strides in the low GWP blowing agents market. With a focus on developing environmentally friendly refrigerants and blowing agents, Daikin is well-positioned to capture market opportunities as industries transition to sustainable alternatives. Similarly, Solvay S.A. has been actively engaged in the development of low GWP products, leveraging its extensive expertise in specialty chemicals to drive innovation in sustainable materials. As regional markets evolve, these companies and others in the sector will continue to adapt their strategies to address changing consumer preferences and regulatory landscapes.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Arkema S.A.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Solvay S.A.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 SI Group, Inc.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Haltermann Carless
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Foam Supplies, Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Chemtura Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Huntsman Corporation
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 SK Chemical Co., Ltd.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Daikin Industries, Ltd.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Refrigerant Solutions, LLC
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Honeywell International Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Guanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Fujian Huaqiao Chemical Co., Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Low GWP Blowing Agents Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Polyurethane Foams
    • 6.1.2 Polystyrene Foams
    • 6.1.3 Phenolic Foams
    • 6.1.4 Polyolefin Foams
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Low GWP Blowing Agents Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Hydrocarbons
    • 6.2.2 Hydrofluoroolefins
    • 6.2.3 Hydrofluorocarbons
    • 6.2.4 Carbon Dioxide
    • 6.2.5 Methyl Formate
  • 6.3 Low GWP Blowing Agents Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Cyclopentane
    • 6.3.2 Isobutane
    • 6.3.3 HFO-1234yf
    • 6.3.4 HFO-1234ze
    • 6.3.5 HFC-245fa
  • 6.4 Low GWP Blowing Agents Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Indirect Sales

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Low GWP Blowing Agents Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Low GWP Blowing Agents market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Hydrocarbons
• Hydrofluoroolefins
• Hydrofluorocarbons
• Carbon Dioxide
• Methyl Formate

By Application

• Polyurethane Foams
• Polystyrene Foams
• Phenolic Foams
• Polyolefin Foams
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Indirect Sales

By Ingredient Type

• Cyclopentane
• Isobutane
• HFO-1234yf
• HFO-1234ze
• HFC-245fa

By Region

• Asia Pacific
• North America
• Latin America
• Europe
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Honeywell International Inc.
• Arkema S.A.
• Solvay S.A.
• Daikin Industries, Ltd.
• Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
• Foam Supplies, Inc.
• Refrigerant Solutions, LLC
• Guanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd.
• Chemtura Corporation
• Huntsman Corporation
• Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
• Fujian Huaqiao Chemical Co., Ltd.
• SK Chemical Co., Ltd.
• Haltermann Carless
• SI Group, Inc.