Large Volume Parenterals LVP

Large Volume Parenterals LVP Market Outlook

The global Large Volume Parenterals (LVP) market is poised to reach approximately USD 11.5 billion by 2035, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 8.2% during the forecast period of 2025 to 2035. The growth of this market is driven primarily by the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, the rising geriatric population requiring nutritional support, and the growing demand for intravenous therapies. Additionally, advancements in the manufacturing techniques of LVPs, along with the expanding healthcare infrastructure in emerging markets, are expected to significantly contribute to the market's expansion. The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the adoption of parenteral nutrition, as healthcare systems have prioritized intravenous solutions to meet the demands of critically ill patients, thereby enhancing market growth potential.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors are driving the growth of the Large Volume Parenterals market. To begin with, the increasing prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases necessitates prolonged nutritional support and fluid management, which are effectively provided through LVPs. Furthermore, the rising number of surgeries and procedures in hospitals and clinics accentuates the need for efficient intravenous therapies, pushing the demand for LVPs. Another significant factor is the technological advancements in LVP manufacturing, which are leading to enhanced product quality and safety, thus increasing the trust of healthcare professionals in using these solutions. Additionally, the growing trend of home healthcare services has promoted the use of LVPs outside hospital settings, broadening their market reach. Lastly, the rising awareness and acceptance of parenteral nutrition among healthcare providers and patients alike is playing a pivotal role in market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Expected growth to reach USD 11.5 billion by 2035, with a CAGR of 8.2%.
• Technological advancements are enhancing the quality and safety of LVPs.
• Increased prevalence of chronic diseases driving demand for nutritional support.
• Growing trend towards home healthcare services broadening market access.
• Increased trust in parenteral nutrition among healthcare providers and patients.

By Product Type

Total Parenteral Nutrition:

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a significant segment in the Large Volume Parenterals market, as it provides all essential nutrients required for patients who cannot obtain adequate nutrition through oral or enteral routes. TPN solutions are crucial for individuals with gastrointestinal disorders, post-operative recovery, or malnutrition. The growth of this segment is primarily fueled by the rising number of patients experiencing malabsorption issues, coupled with an increasing understanding of the importance of nutritional support in enhancing recovery outcomes. The continuous innovation in TPN formulations, which improve nutrient delivery and minimize complications, further solidifies this segment's prominence in the LVP market.

Blood Products:

The blood products segment of the LVP market includes solutions used for transfusions, such as packed red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. The rising demand for blood transfusions due to surgical procedures, trauma cases, and chronic diseases has propelled the growth of this segment. Blood products are critical in emergency medicine and surgical interventions, as they significantly contribute to patient survivability and recovery. Moreover, advancements in blood storage and preservation technologies are enhancing the availability and efficacy of these products, thereby driving the demand for blood-related LVPs in healthcare facilities worldwide.

Electrolyte Solutions:

Electrolyte solutions play a vital role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in patients, especially in cases of dehydration, renal failure, or severe illnesses. This segment's growth is propelled by the increasing prevalence of dehydration-related conditions and the rising number of patients undergoing treatments that require electrolyte management, such as chemotherapy and major surgeries. The versatility of electrolyte solutions in various clinical settings, ranging from hospitals to outpatient facilities, is contributing to this segment's robust growth. Additionally, the introduction of new formulations and combinations designed to enhance patient outcomes further strengthens this market segment.

Amino Acid Solutions:

Amino acid solutions are essential for providing nutrition to patients who cannot consume food orally. This segment is witnessing significant growth due to the rising awareness of the importance of protein in recovery and healing processes, particularly in critically ill patients and those undergoing surgical procedures. The demand for amino acid solutions is also growing in the context of parenteral nutrition, as healthcare providers increasingly recognize their importance in maintaining nitrogen balance and supporting metabolic functions. Innovations in amino acid formulations are improving their efficacy and reducing side effects, which is driving adoption among healthcare professionals.

Others:

This segment includes a variety of other LVP products that do not fall under the aforementioned categories, such as various hydration solutions and specialty products tailored for specific clinical conditions. This segment is projected to grow as the healthcare industry continues to innovate and tailor parenteral solutions to meet diverse patient needs. Factors such as personalized medicine and the increasing focus on patient-centered care are expected to drive the development of specialized LVP products that cater to various therapeutic requirements. As healthcare providers seek to address unique patient conditions, this segment will likely gain a more prominent share of the overall LVP market.

By Application

Hospitals:

The hospital application segment dominates the Large Volume Parenterals market as hospitals are the primary settings for intravenous therapies and intensive care treatments. The increasing number of surgical procedures and patients requiring critical care is driving the demand for LVPs in hospitals. Additionally, the growing prevalence of chronic diseases necessitates the use of LVP solutions for effective patient management and recovery. Hospitals are also investing in advanced infusion technologies to improve the efficiency and safety of administering LVPs, further fueling market growth. With hospitals serving as the backbone of healthcare delivery, their requirement for LVPs remains imperative in the ongoing enhancement of patient care.

Clinics:

The clinic application segment is gaining traction as healthcare systems shift towards outpatient care and preventive treatments. Clinics are increasingly using LVPs to manage patients with chronic conditions, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrients and fluids without requiring hospitalization. The growing focus on outpatient care is prompting clinics to adopt LVP solutions to streamline patient treatment processes, thereby enhancing patient satisfaction and reducing healthcare costs. Moreover, the increased accessibility of clinics for patients seeking immediate care resembles a shift in healthcare delivery models, encouraging the adoption of LVPs in this segment.

Home Healthcare:

Home healthcare represents one of the fastest-growing segments for Large Volume Parenterals, driven by the increasing trend of providing care in the comfort of patients' homes. More individuals prefer receiving intravenous therapies, including parenteral nutrition, at home due to the convenience and reduced risk of hospital-acquired infections. This segment's growth is also supported by advancing technology that allows for safer and more efficient administration of LVPs outside traditional clinical settings. As the population ages and the incidence of chronic diseases rises, the demand for home healthcare services, including LVPs, is likely to continue growing significantly.

Others:

This category encompasses various applications that are not specifically classified as hospitals, clinics, or home healthcare. It includes specialized facilities such as rehabilitation centers and long-term care facilities where LVPs are utilized to provide nutritional support and fluid management for patients with unique needs. The growth of this segment is driven by an increasing recognition of the benefits of parenteral nutrition in enhancing recovery in various clinical contexts. As healthcare providers seek to extend care to diverse patient populations, the use of LVPs in these alternative applications is gaining prominence.

By Distribution Channel

Hospital Pharmacies:

Hospital pharmacies play a crucial role in the distribution of Large Volume Parenterals, as they are responsible for preparing and dispensing IV medications for inpatients. The demand for LVPs in hospital pharmacies is driven by the increasing number of surgical procedures and patient admissions requiring intravenous therapies. Hospital pharmacies are also focused on enhancing medication safety by implementing strict protocols for the preparation and administration of LVPs, further boosting the demand for these products. With the continuous rise in healthcare expenditures and the increasing complexity of patient care, hospital pharmacies will remain a vital distribution channel for LVPs.

Retail Pharmacies:

Retail pharmacies are increasingly becoming a significant distribution channel for Large Volume Parenterals, especially with the growing trend toward outpatient care. Patients requiring LVPs for home healthcare are turning to retail pharmacies for access to these essential products. The expansion of retail pharmacy services, including home delivery and patient counseling, is enhancing the accessibility of LVPs. Furthermore, as retail pharmacies adopt advanced inventory management systems and improve their capabilities to handle sterile products, their role in distributing LVPs will likely strengthen, thereby capturing a larger market share.

Online Pharmacies:

The rise of online pharmacies has transformed the distribution landscape of Large Volume Parenterals, allowing patients to conveniently order necessary IV solutions from the comfort of their homes. This distribution channel is particularly appealing to patients receiving home healthcare, as it provides them with timely access to vital nutritional products. The growing acceptance of e-commerce in healthcare highlights the importance of online pharmacies in facilitating patient access to LVPs. Additionally, online pharmacies offer competitive pricing strategies and personalized services, which are expected to further drive their adoption within the LVP market.

Others:

This segment includes various niche distribution channels for LVPs that do not fall under the primary categories mentioned above. These may include specialty pharmacies and direct sales to healthcare facilities. As the LVP market continues to evolve, these alternative distribution channels are becoming increasingly important, particularly as healthcare providers seek tailored solutions for unique patient populations. The diversification of distribution channels enhances product availability and improves patient access to essential parenteral solutions, ensuring that a broad range of needs is met across the healthcare continuum.

By Ingredient Type

Water for Injection:

Water for injection (WFI) is a fundamental ingredient in the formulation of Large Volume Parenterals, serving as the primary solvent for the preparation of intravenous solutions. The demand for WFI is closely linked to the increasing rate of LVP production and the need for safe and sterile liquid formulations. The stringent regulations governing the production of WFI ensure high quality and purity, making it a critical component in maintaining the efficacy of parenteral drugs. As the LVP market continues to expand, the demand for WFI is expected to grow in tandem, ensuring that the quality of intravenous therapies remains uncompromised.

Sodium Chloride:

Sodium chloride is another critical ingredient used in various LVP formulations, primarily in the preparation of electrolyte solutions. The demand for sodium chloride LVPs is driven by the rising incidence of electrolyte imbalances due to various medical conditions and the increasing need for rehydration therapies. Sodium chloride solutions are often utilized in hospitals and clinical settings to manage patients' fluid and electrolyte levels, contributing to patient recovery. The growing focus on electrolyte management in healthcare is expected to propel the demand for sodium chloride in the LVP market.

Dextrose:

Dextrose is a vital ingredient in parenteral nutrition formulations, providing essential carbohydrates for patients requiring energy support. The rising prevalence of malnutrition and the increasing number of patients on total parenteral nutrition are driving the demand for dextrose-containing LVPs. Dextrose solutions are commonly administered to patients undergoing surgery or dealing with chronic illnesses, ensuring their energy needs are met effectively. As healthcare providers continue to emphasize the importance of nutrition in patient recovery, the demand for dextrose in LVPs is anticipated to grow significantly.

Ringer's Lactate:

Ringer's lactate is a commonly used electrolyte solution in the LVP market, particularly for patients requiring fluid and electrolyte replenishment. Its balanced composition allows for effective hydration and stabilization of patients, especially in emergency and surgical settings. The increasing use of Ringer's lactate solutions to address dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance is driving the growth of this ingredient type within the LVP market. As healthcare providers recognize the importance of using balanced solutions to support patient care, the demand for Ringer's lactate is expected to rise.

Others:

This segment encompasses various other ingredients used in the formulation of Large Volume Parenterals, including specialized compounds tailored for specific therapeutic applications. As the healthcare industry continues to innovate and develop new parenteral therapies, the need for diverse ingredient types will play a crucial role in addressing unique patient requirements. The increasing focus on personalized medicine is expected to drive demand for specialized LVP formulations that utilize a variety of unique ingredients. This segment will likely evolve alongside advancements in pharmaceutical research and development, expanding the range of parenteral solutions available in the market.

By Region

North America is expected to dominate the Large Volume Parenterals market, contributing a substantial share of the global revenue. The region's advanced healthcare infrastructure, coupled with high healthcare expenditures, supports the continuous demand for LVPs across various healthcare settings. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the growing geriatric population in North America are further driving the demand for LVPs, particularly in hospitals and outpatient clinics. The market in North America is anticipated to exhibit a CAGR of approximately 7.5%, propelled by continuous innovations in parenteral nutrition and intravenous therapies.

Europe is another significant region in the Large Volume Parenterals market, characterized by a strong emphasis on advanced healthcare technologies and a high level of healthcare accessibility. The increasing adoption of home healthcare services and the rising awareness of nutritional support in managing chronic diseases are expected to boost the demand for LVPs in this region. Additionally, Europe's stringent regulatory framework ensures that high-quality parenteral solutions are available in the market, further enhancing patient safety and efficacy. As a result, the European LVP market is projected to grow steadily, supporting advances in patient care.

Opportunities

There are numerous opportunities for growth in the Large Volume Parenterals market, particularly as healthcare systems increasingly recognize the importance of intravenous therapies in managing patient care. One of the foremost opportunities lies in the expansion of home healthcare services. As the trend shifts towards providing more healthcare services in the comfort of patients' homes, there is a growing demand for LVPs that facilitate safe and effective intravenous therapies outside traditional hospital settings. Pharmaceutical companies that can develop user-friendly, portable, and safe LVP solutions for home use will be well-positioned to capitalize on this burgeoning market. Additionally, with the rise of telemedicine, there is potential for remote monitoring solutions that can enable healthcare providers to supervise home healthcare patients receiving LVPs effectively, further expanding this opportunity.

Another significant opportunity stems from the increasing focus on personalized medicine and tailored therapeutic approaches. As healthcare providers seek to customize treatment plans based on individual patient needs, there is a growing demand for specialized LVP formulations that cater to unique clinical conditions. Companies that invest in research and development to create innovative LVP solutions that address specific patient requirements can gain a competitive advantage in this market. Additionally, collaborations with healthcare providers and research institutions to develop clinical guidelines for the use of LVPs in different patient populations can further enhance market presence and drive growth.

Threats

Despite the numerous opportunities within the Large Volume Parenterals market, there are potential threats that could impact growth. One of the primary concerns is the rising competition within the pharmaceutical industry, particularly from generic manufacturers. As patents for several LVP products expire, generic alternatives may flood the market, creating price pressures and reducing profit margins for established manufacturers. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of counterfeit and substandard pharmaceutical products poses significant risks to patient safety and brand integrity, potentially undermining consumer trust in LVP solutions. Companies must be vigilant and proactive in ensuring the quality and authenticity of their products to mitigate these threats and maintain their market position.

Another challenge facing the LVP market is the potential for regulatory changes that could affect product approval and manufacturing processes. Regulatory bodies worldwide are continually updating guidelines to ensure patient safety, which may result in increased compliance burdens for manufacturers. These evolving regulations could slow product development timelines and increase operational costs. Furthermore, the global supply chain disruptions caused by events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted vulnerabilities in the sourcing of raw materials and distribution of pharmaceutical products, which could further constrain the availability of LVPs in the market. Companies must adapt to these challenges by investing in robust supply chain management strategies and regulatory compliance systems.

Competitor Outlook

• Fresenius Kabi AG
• Baxter International Inc.
• Terumo Corporation
• Hospira Inc. (a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.)
• Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
• B. Braun Melsungen AG
• McGaw, Inc.
• Amgen Inc.
• Vifor Pharma AG
• Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Grifols S.A.
• Saol Therapeutics, LLC
• Wockhardt Ltd.
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
• Zydus Cadila

The competitive landscape of the Large Volume Parenterals market is characterized by the presence of several established players and new entrants striving to capture market share through innovation and strategic collaborations. Companies like Fresenius Kabi AG and Baxter International Inc. are leaders in the LVP space, leveraging their extensive product portfolios and global distribution networks to deliver high-quality parenteral solutions. The competition is intensifying as companies invest heavily in research and development to innovate and improve their product offerings, catering to the evolving needs of healthcare providers and patients alike. Additionally, mergers and acquisitions are increasingly common as companies seek to enhance their capabilities, expand their market reach, and strengthen their competitive positions in the LVP market.

Fresenius Kabi AG stands out as a major player in the LVP market, with a comprehensive range of intravenous solutions and a commitment to high-quality standards. The company has established a strong presence across various regions, enabling it to address diverse healthcare needs effectively. Baxter International Inc. is another key competitor, recognized for its innovative infusion systems and parenteral nutrition solutions. With a focus on patient safety, Baxter continues to invest in technology and research to enhance its product offerings. The company's extensive experience in the healthcare industry further supports its competitive advantage in the LVP market.

Emerging companies, such as Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Zydus Cadila, are also gaining traction in the LVP market by introducing specialized formulations and catering to niche segments. These companies are increasingly applying advanced manufacturing techniques and strategic partnerships to differentiate their products and expand their market presence. Additionally, the growing trend of personalized medicine provides a unique opportunity for smaller players to develop tailored LVP solutions for specific patient populations, thereby enhancing their competitiveness. Overall, the Large Volume Parenterals market remains dynamic, with a healthy mix of established and emerging players driving innovation and growth within the industry.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Amgen Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 McGaw, Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Grifols S.A.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Zydus Cadila
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Wockhardt Ltd.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Vifor Pharma AG
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Fresenius Kabi AG
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Terumo Corporation
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 B. Braun Melsungen AG
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Saol Therapeutics, LLC
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Baxter International Inc.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Hospira Inc. (a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.)
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Large Volume Parenterals LVP Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Hospitals
    • 6.1.2 Clinics
    • 6.1.3 Home Healthcare
    • 6.1.4 Others
  • 6.2 Large Volume Parenterals LVP Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Total Parenteral Nutrition
    • 6.2.2 Blood Products
    • 6.2.3 Electrolyte Solutions
    • 6.2.4 Amino Acid Solutions
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Large Volume Parenterals LVP Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Water for Injection
    • 6.3.2 Sodium Chloride
    • 6.3.3 Dextrose
    • 6.3.4 Ringer's Lactate
    • 6.3.5 Others
  • 6.4 Large Volume Parenterals LVP Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Hospitals Pharmacies
    • 6.4.2 Retail Pharmacies
    • 6.4.3 Online Pharmacies
    • 6.4.4 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Large Volume Parenterals LVP Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Large Volume Parenterals LVP market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Total Parenteral Nutrition
• Blood Products
• Electrolyte Solutions
• Amino Acid Solutions
• Others

By Application

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Home Healthcare
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies
• Others

By Ingredient Type

• Water for Injection
• Sodium Chloride
• Dextrose
• Ringer's Lactate
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Fresenius Kabi AG
• Baxter International Inc.
• Terumo Corporation
• Hospira Inc. (a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.)
• Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
• B. Braun Melsungen AG
• McGaw, Inc.
• Amgen Inc.
• Vifor Pharma AG
• Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Grifols S.A.
• Saol Therapeutics, LLC
• Wockhardt Ltd.
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
• Zydus Cadila