Kitchen Knives
Kitchen Knives Market Segments - by Product Type (Chef's Knife, Utility Knife, Paring Knife, Bread Knife, Santoku Knife), Application (Residential, Commercial), Distribution Channel (Online Stores, Specialty Stores, Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Department Stores, Others), Material Type (Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Ceramic, High Carbon Stainless Steel, Damascus Steel), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035
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- Table Of Content
- Segments
- Methodology
Kitchen Knives Market Outlook
The global kitchen knives market is poised for substantial growth, with a projected market size of approximately $3.5 billion by 2035, expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 5.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The increasing trend of home cooking and culinary experimentation, coupled with a growing interest in food preparation as a hobby, significantly drives the demand for high-quality kitchen knives. Additionally, the rise in the number of cooking shows and culinary programs has led to heightened awareness about the importance of using the right tools, further propelling market growth. Moreover, advancements in knife manufacturing technologies and materials are facilitating the production of specialized knives, which enhances functionality and user experience. As consumers become more discerning about kitchen tools, the emphasis on quality, durability, and design has never been more pronounced, providing a robust foundation for market expansion.
Growth Factor of the Market
Several factors contribute to the growth of the kitchen knives market, with one of the most significant being the rising trend toward culinary artistry and gourmet cooking at home. Consumers are increasingly investing in high-quality tools that enhance their cooking experience, leading to a growing demand for premium kitchen knives that offer precision and longevity. Additionally, the burgeoning food service industry, including restaurants and catering services, has led to an increased need for professional-grade knives, further stimulating market growth. Furthermore, the movement towards sustainable and eco-friendly products is encouraging manufacturers to innovate and develop knives made from sustainable materials, appealing to environmentally conscious consumers. The increase in e-commerce platforms also plays a pivotal role in market expansion, as online shopping provides consumers with a wide range of options and easy access to premium products. Lastly, the rising disposable income among consumers in emerging markets is fueling demand for quality kitchen tools, including knives.
Key Highlights of the Market
- The global kitchen knives market is projected to reach $3.5 billion by 2035.
- The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period.
- Increased interest in home cooking and culinary arts drives demand.
- Growth in the food service industry boosts professional-grade knife sales.
- Advancements in materials and manufacturing techniques enhance product offerings.
By Product Type
Chef's Knife:
The chef's knife is one of the most versatile and widely used kitchen tools, designed for a range of tasks including chopping, slicing, and dicing. Typically featuring a broad blade that tapers to a point, chef's knives are favored by both home cooks and professional chefs alike for their balance and control. The demand for high-quality chef's knives is driven by their essential role in everyday cooking, making them a staple in kitchens around the world. As such, manufacturers have focused on producing chef's knives that combine traditional craftsmanship with modern materials, enhancing durability and performance. Furthermore, the trend toward culinary exploration and gourmet cooking has led to an increased appreciation for high-performance chef's knives, fostering growth in this product segment.
Utility Knife:
The utility knife, often regarded as an essential tool for various kitchen tasks, is designed for versatility, making it suitable for cutting fruits, vegetables, and small meats. With a blade size that falls between that of a chef's knife and a paring knife, the utility knife is perfect for those looking for a reliable tool for smaller jobs. Its compact design and lightweight nature make it a favorite among home cooks who appreciate the ease of use it provides. The growing trend of meal prepping and healthy eating has led to increased demand for utility knives, as they offer convenience and efficiency in food preparation. Consequently, manufacturers are investing in innovative designs and ergonomic features to enhance user experience and boost sales in this segment.
Paring Knife:
Paring knives are small, agile knives that excel in precision tasks such as peeling, trimming, and detailed cutting. Their short blades grant users superior control, making them ideal for intricate work that requires accuracy. The growing interest in culinary arts, coupled with the popularity of cooking tutorials and shows, has raised awareness of the importance of having a reliable paring knife in the kitchen. This has resulted in a notable increase in demand for high-quality paring knives. Additionally, innovations in blade design and materials have led to the introduction of paring knives with enhanced durability and cutting performance, further driving market growth within this product segment.
Bread Knife:
Bread knives, characterized by their serrated edges, are specifically designed for slicing bread without crushing it. The unique design of these knives allows for a clean cut through crusty exteriors while preserving the soft interiors of bread. As the popularity of artisanal bread and homemade baked goods continues to rise, the demand for high-quality bread knives is also increasing. Consumers are seeking tools that not only perform well but also add an aesthetic touch to their kitchen. Therefore, manufacturers are focusing on creating visually appealing bread knives made from premium materials, appealing to both functional and decorative needs in the kitchen.
santoku Knife:
The Santoku knife, a traditional Japanese knife, is gaining popularity in kitchens around the globe due to its versatility and ergonomic design. With a flat blade and a granton edge that helps prevent food from sticking, the Santoku knife is ideal for slicing, dicing, and mincing various ingredients. The increasing global fascination with Asian culinary techniques has played a pivotal role in the rising demand for Santoku knives. Additionally, as more consumers become interested in cooking healthy and diverse meals, the Santoku knife's multi-functional capabilities make it an attractive option. Manufacturers are responding to this trend by producing Santoku knives that combine traditional craftsmanship with contemporary aesthetics, enhancing their appeal among both professional chefs and home cooks.
By Application
Residential:
The residential application segment represents a significant portion of the kitchen knives market, encompassing households that seek high-quality knives for everyday cooking. The growing trend of home cooking, spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, has led many consumers to invest in premium kitchen tools. As people spend more time in their kitchens, they are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of using the right tools, prompting a surge in demand for kitchen knives. Consumers are looking for knives that offer durability, comfort, and efficiency, hence driving manufacturers to innovate and improve product offerings. Furthermore, the proliferation of cooking classes and online culinary resources has contributed to a heightened appreciation for the art of cooking, further bolstering the residential market for kitchen knives.
Commercial:
The commercial application segment is vital for the kitchen knives market, driven by the need for professional-grade tools in the food service industry, including restaurants, catering businesses, and culinary schools. Chefs and culinary professionals require high-quality knives that provide precision, durability, and performance under demanding conditions. The growth of the food industry, particularly the rise of gourmet dining experiences and food delivery services, has fueled the demand for specialized kitchen knives in commercial kitchens. Additionally, as culinary arts gain recognition and prestige, there is an increasing focus on equipping culinary institutions with top-notch tools, enhancing the overall growth of the commercial segment within the kitchen knives market.
By Distribution Channel
Online Stores:
The online distribution channel is experiencing robust growth within the kitchen knives market, driven by the convenience and accessibility it offers to consumers. With an increasing number of consumers opting for online shopping, e-commerce platforms provide a vast selection of kitchen knives, often at competitive prices. The rise of digital marketing and social media has also enhanced brand visibility, enabling manufacturers to reach a wider audience. Online reviews and customer feedback further aid consumers in making informed purchasing decisions, contributing to the growing preference for online shopping. As a result, many traditional retailers are expanding their online presence to capitalize on this trend, ensuring that consumers have seamless access to high-quality kitchen knives.
Specialty Stores:
Specialty stores play a crucial role in the kitchen knives market, offering curated selections of high-quality knives tailored to culinary enthusiasts and professionals. These stores often provide expert advice and personalized service, enhancing the shopping experience for customers. The focus on craftsmanship and quality in specialty retail has led to a loyal customer base that values the expertise and unique offerings available in these stores. As consumers become increasingly discerning about the tools they use in their kitchens, specialty stores are positioned to cater to their needs by providing premium products and exclusive brands that may not be available through general retail channels.
Supermarkets/Hypermarkets:
Supermarkets and hypermarkets serve as significant distribution channels for kitchen knives, providing consumers with easy access to a wide variety of culinary tools. These large retail spaces often feature dedicated kitchenware sections, showcasing an array of branded and generic knives to cater to different consumer preferences. With the convenience of one-stop shopping, consumers can purchase kitchen knives alongside their grocery items, making it an attractive option for many. Additionally, promotional discounts and bundled offers available in supermarkets and hypermarkets can entice price-sensitive consumers, driving sales in this distribution channel. The competitive nature of these retail environments encourages brands to innovate and enhance their product offerings to capture market share.
Department Stores:
Department stores are another vital distribution channel for kitchen knives, offering a diverse range of products in a single shopping location. These stores typically feature a wide selection of knife brands and types, catering to various consumer needs, from budget-friendly options to high-end culinary tools. The advantage of department stores lies in their ability to provide consumers with a tactile shopping experience, allowing them to handle and assess knife quality before purchase. Additionally, department stores often employ sales associates with knowledge of kitchenware, who can assist customers in making informed choices. As consumers continue to seek high-quality kitchen knives, department stores remain a key player in the distribution landscape.
By Material Type
Carbon Steel:
Carbon steel kitchen knives are revered for their exceptional sharpness and edge retention, making them a popular choice among culinary professionals and enthusiasts alike. This material allows for easy sharpening and offers a fine cutting edge, although it requires regular maintenance to prevent rusting. The growing trend of artisanal cooking and the preference for traditional tools has fueled demand for carbon steel knives, as many chefs appreciate the performance and aesthetics these knives provide. As manufacturers continue to innovate and address concerns related to maintenance, the carbon steel segment is expected to see significant growth as consumers prioritize quality and craftsmanship.
Stainless Steel:
Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials in kitchen knives due to its durability, corrosion resistance, and ease of maintenance. These knives are favored for their ability to withstand the rigors of daily use without compromising performance. The increasing awareness of hygiene and safety in food preparation has further propelled the demand for stainless steel knives, as they are less prone to rust and bacteria growth. Manufacturers are continuously improving the quality of stainless steel used in knife production, leading to enhanced performance and longer lifespans. As consumers increasingly seek reliable and low-maintenance kitchen tools, the stainless steel segment is expected to grow steadily in the coming years.
Ceramic:
Ceramic kitchen knives are gaining traction in the market due to their lightweight nature and impressive sharpness. These knives retain their edge longer than many traditional steel knives, making them appealing to home cooks who prioritize convenience. Ceramic knives are also resistant to staining and do not absorb food odors, contributing to their popularity among health-conscious consumers. However, they can be brittle and are not suitable for tasks that involve twisting or prying. As the trend toward healthy cooking and food preparation continues to rise, the demand for ceramic knives is expected to grow, particularly among consumers seeking innovative and functional kitchen tools.
High Carbon Stainless Steel:
High carbon stainless steel knives combine the best attributes of both carbon and stainless steel, resulting in blades that offer durability, sharpness, and rust resistance. This material has gained popularity among both professional chefs and home cooks due to its ability to maintain a sharp edge while also being easier to care for than traditional carbon steel knives. The versatility and high performance of high carbon stainless steel knives are significant factors driving demand in the market. As culinary enthusiasts increasingly seek out tools that deliver both functionality and aesthetics, the high carbon stainless steel segment is anticipated to witness considerable growth over the forecast period.
Damascus Steel:
Damascus steel knives are renowned for their unique and intricate patterns, as well as their exceptional sharpness and durability. The traditional technique of forging multiple layers of steel creates a blade that is visually stunning and highly functional. As consumers become more discerning about the tools they use in their kitchens, the allure of Damascus steel knives has grown, making them a sought-after choice among culinary enthusiasts and collectors. The craftsmanship and artistry involved in producing Damascus knives often come at a premium price, which appeals to consumers willing to invest in high-quality kitchen tools. As the appreciation for artisanal products continues to rise, the Damascus steel segment is expected to experience robust growth in the kitchen knives market.
By Region
The kitchen knives market exhibits diverse growth patterns across various regions, with North America leading in market share due to its strong culinary culture and high disposable incomes. In North America, the kitchen knives market is valued at approximately $1.2 billion in 2025, driven by consumer preferences for high-quality cooking tools and a growing trend toward home cooking. The region's culinary innovation is further strengthened by an increasing number of cooking shows, culinary classes, and a burgeoning food service industry, which collectively enhance consumer awareness and appreciation for quality kitchen knives. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.8% during the forecast period, reinforcing North America's position as a key player in the global kitchen knives market.
In Europe, the kitchen knives market is experiencing significant growth, fueled by a rich culinary heritage and a strong demand for premium kitchen tools. The European market is estimated to reach approximately $1.1 billion by 2035, with a CAGR of 5.5% from 2025 to 2035. Countries like Germany, France, and Italy are at the forefront of this growth, with their emphasis on high-quality craftsmanship and culinary excellence. The demand for kitchen knives is further supported by the increasing popularity of cooking as a leisure activity, prompting consumers to invest in quality tools that enhance their culinary skills. As the trend toward gourmet cooking continues to thrive, Europe is expected to maintain its stature in the global kitchen knives market, driven by both residential and commercial applications.
Opportunities
As the kitchen knives market continues to evolve, several opportunities emerge for manufacturers and retailers aiming to capitalize on changing consumer preferences. One significant opportunity lies in the growing trend of online shopping, which has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. With consumers seeking convenience and variety in their shopping experiences, brands that prioritize establishing a robust online presence and optimize their e-commerce platforms have the potential to capture a larger market share. Additionally, leveraging social media and digital marketing strategies can enhance brand visibility and engagement, allowing companies to connect with a broader audience of culinary enthusiasts. Moreover, as sustainability becomes a focal point for consumers, opportunities exist for manufacturers to develop environmentally friendly kitchen knives made from sustainable materials, appealing to eco-conscious consumers and differentiating themselves in a competitive landscape.
Furthermore, the rise in cooking classes and culinary workshops presents an avenue for growth within the commercial segment of the kitchen knives market. As more individuals pursue culinary education and training, there is an increased demand for professional-grade knives that can withstand rigorous use and provide exceptional performance. Collaborating with culinary schools and offering specialized knife sets designed for training purposes can be a profitable strategy for manufacturers looking to tap into this market. Additionally, the growing interest in artisanal cooking, gourmet dining experiences, and the desire for authentic culinary tools further bolster opportunities for market expansion. By understanding and addressing the evolving needs of consumers, companies can position themselves favorably within the kitchen knives market.
Threats
Despite the promising growth prospects in the kitchen knives market, several threats could impede progress and profitability for manufacturers and retailers. One major concern is the increasing competition from low-cost alternatives and counterfeit products, which can lead to significant pricing pressure. As more consumers seek budget-friendly options, brands that focus on quality and craftsmanship may find it challenging to compete with cheaper, lower-quality products. Additionally, the proliferation of online marketplaces has made it easier for counterfeit and unbranded products to enter the market, further complicating the competitive landscape. This situation poses a risk to established brands that have invested in building their reputation on quality and performance, potentially eroding consumer trust and market share.
Another threat to the kitchen knives market is shifting consumer preferences toward multifunctional kitchen tools that combine several functions into one device. As consumers become more space-conscious and seek efficiency in their kitchens, they may opt for gadgets that serve multiple purposes rather than investing in specialized tools like kitchen knives. This trend could result in a decline in demand for traditional kitchen knives, particularly if manufacturers do not adapt to changing preferences and introduce innovative products that align with consumer needs. Sustaining consumer interest and loyalty in a rapidly changing market will be essential for brands to navigate these challenges effectively.
Competitor Outlook
- Wüsthof
- Victorinox
- Shun
- Global Knives
- Zwilling J.A. Henckels
- Mercer Culinary
- Cutco
- Chicago Cutlery
- Fällkniven
- Calphalon
- Henckels
- Cangshan Cutlery
- R.H. Forschner
- Spyderco
- Miyabi
The competitive landscape of the kitchen knives market is characterized by a diverse range of players, each vying for market share through innovation, quality, and strategic marketing. Established brands such as Wüsthof and Zwilling J.A. Henckels dominate the market, leveraging their long-standing reputations for high-quality craftsmanship and durability. These companies invest heavily in research and development to introduce new product lines that cater to evolving consumer preferences while maintaining their commitment to quality. The introduction of innovative materials and ergonomic designs has allowed these brands to differentiate themselves in a crowded marketplace, attracting both professional chefs and home cooks alike.
In addition to established players, the kitchen knives market has seen an influx of new entrants and niche brands that focus on specific segments, such as artisanal and handmade knives. Brands like Shun and Miyabi emphasize traditional Japanese craftsmanship, appealing to culinary enthusiasts who appreciate the artistry and performance of these tools. Furthermore, as the trend toward sustainable and eco-friendly products gains momentum, some new brands are positioning themselves as environmentally conscious alternatives, using sustainable materials and manufacturing processes. This emphasis on sustainability can resonate with modern consumers, providing these niche brands with a competitive edge in the market.
The competitive dynamics in the kitchen knives market are also influenced by changing consumer buying behaviors, particularly the growing preference for online shopping. Many manufacturers are adapting to the digital landscape by enhancing their e-commerce platforms and utilizing social media marketing to engage with consumers. This shift allows companies to reach a broader audience while providing valuable information and resources to help customers make informed purchasing decisions. As consumer preferences evolve and the market landscape becomes more competitive, the ability to adapt and innovate will be crucial for companies to maintain their positions and capture new opportunities.
1 Appendix
- 1.1 List of Tables
- 1.2 List of Figures
2 Introduction
- 2.1 Market Definition
- 2.2 Scope of the Report
- 2.3 Study Assumptions
- 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods
3 Market Dynamics
- 3.1 Market Growth Factors
- 3.2 Economic & Global Events
- 3.3 Innovation Trends
- 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
4 Consumer Behavior
- 4.1 Market Trends
- 4.2 Pricing Analysis
- 4.3 Buyer Insights
5 Key Player Profiles
- 5.1 Shun
- 5.1.1 Business Overview
- 5.1.2 Products & Services
- 5.1.3 Financials
- 5.1.4 Recent Developments
- 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.2 Cutco
- 5.2.1 Business Overview
- 5.2.2 Products & Services
- 5.2.3 Financials
- 5.2.4 Recent Developments
- 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.3 Miyabi
- 5.3.1 Business Overview
- 5.3.2 Products & Services
- 5.3.3 Financials
- 5.3.4 Recent Developments
- 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.4 Henckels
- 5.4.1 Business Overview
- 5.4.2 Products & Services
- 5.4.3 Financials
- 5.4.4 Recent Developments
- 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.5 Spyderco
- 5.5.1 Business Overview
- 5.5.2 Products & Services
- 5.5.3 Financials
- 5.5.4 Recent Developments
- 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.6 Calphalon
- 5.6.1 Business Overview
- 5.6.2 Products & Services
- 5.6.3 Financials
- 5.6.4 Recent Developments
- 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.7 Victorinox
- 5.7.1 Business Overview
- 5.7.2 Products & Services
- 5.7.3 Financials
- 5.7.4 Recent Developments
- 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.8 Global Knives
- 5.8.1 Business Overview
- 5.8.2 Products & Services
- 5.8.3 Financials
- 5.8.4 Recent Developments
- 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.9 R.H. Forschner
- 5.9.1 Business Overview
- 5.9.2 Products & Services
- 5.9.3 Financials
- 5.9.4 Recent Developments
- 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.10 Wüsthof
- 5.10.1 Business Overview
- 5.10.2 Products & Services
- 5.10.3 Financials
- 5.10.4 Recent Developments
- 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.11 Chicago Cutlery
- 5.11.1 Business Overview
- 5.11.2 Products & Services
- 5.11.3 Financials
- 5.11.4 Recent Developments
- 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.12 Mercer Culinary
- 5.12.1 Business Overview
- 5.12.2 Products & Services
- 5.12.3 Financials
- 5.12.4 Recent Developments
- 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.13 Cangshan Cutlery
- 5.13.1 Business Overview
- 5.13.2 Products & Services
- 5.13.3 Financials
- 5.13.4 Recent Developments
- 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.14 Fällkniven
- 5.14.1 Business Overview
- 5.14.2 Products & Services
- 5.14.3 Financials
- 5.14.4 Recent Developments
- 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.15 Zwilling J.A. Henckels
- 5.15.1 Business Overview
- 5.15.2 Products & Services
- 5.15.3 Financials
- 5.15.4 Recent Developments
- 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.1 Shun
6 Market Segmentation
- 6.1 Kitchen Knives Market, By Application
- 6.1.1 Residential
- 6.1.2 Commercial
- 6.2 Kitchen Knives Market, By Product Type
- 6.2.1 Chef's Knife
- 6.2.2 Utility Knife
- 6.2.3 Paring Knife
- 6.2.4 Bread Knife
- 6.2.5 Santoku Knife
- 6.3 Kitchen Knives Market, By Material Type
- 6.3.1 Carbon Steel
- 6.3.2 Stainless Steel
- 6.3.3 Ceramic
- 6.3.4 High Carbon Stainless Steel
- 6.3.5 Damascus Steel
- 6.4 Kitchen Knives Market, By Distribution Channel
- 6.4.1 Online Stores
- 6.4.2 Specialty Stores
- 6.4.3 Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- 6.4.4 Department Stores
- 6.4.5 Others
- 6.1 Kitchen Knives Market, By Application
7 Competitive Analysis
- 7.1 Key Player Comparison
- 7.2 Market Share Analysis
- 7.3 Investment Trends
- 7.4 SWOT Analysis
8 Research Methodology
- 8.1 Analysis Design
- 8.2 Research Phases
- 8.3 Study Timeline
9 Future Market Outlook
- 9.1 Growth Forecast
- 9.2 Market Evolution
10 Geographical Overview
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.1.1.1 UK
- 10.1.1.2 France
- 10.1.1.3 Germany
- 10.1.1.4 Spain
- 10.1.1.5 Italy
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.2.1.1 India
- 10.2.1.2 China
- 10.2.1.3 Japan
- 10.2.1.4 South Korea
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.3 Kitchen Knives Market by Region
- 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.4.1.1 Brazil
- 10.4.1.2 Argentina
- 10.4.1.3 Mexico
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
- 10.5.1 By Country
- 10.5.1.1 USA
- 10.5.1.2 Canada
- 10.5.1 By Country
- 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.6.1.1 Middle East
- 10.6.1.2 Africa
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
11 Global Economic Factors
- 11.1 Inflation Impact
- 11.2 Trade Policies
12 Technology & Innovation
- 12.1 Emerging Technologies
- 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
- 12.3 Patent Research
13 Investment & Market Growth
- 13.1 Funding Trends
- 13.2 Future Market Projections
14 Market Overview & Key Insights
- 14.1 Executive Summary
- 14.2 Key Trends
- 14.3 Market Challenges
- 14.4 Regulatory Landscape
Segments Analyzed in the Report
The global Kitchen Knives market is categorized based on
By Product Type
- Chef's Knife
- Utility Knife
- Paring Knife
- Bread Knife
- Santoku Knife
By Application
- Residential
- Commercial
By Distribution Channel
- Online Stores
- Specialty Stores
- Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
- Department Stores
- Others
By Material Type
- Carbon Steel
- Stainless Steel
- Ceramic
- High Carbon Stainless Steel
- Damascus Steel
By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
Key Players
- Wüsthof
- Victorinox
- Shun
- Global Knives
- Zwilling J.A. Henckels
- Mercer Culinary
- Cutco
- Chicago Cutlery
- Fällkniven
- Calphalon
- Henckels
- Cangshan Cutlery
- R.H. Forschner
- Spyderco
- Miyabi
- Publish Date : Jan 21 ,2025
- Report ID : CO-27517
- No. Of Pages : 100
- Format : |
- Ratings : 4.5 (110 Reviews)