Industrial Concrete Flooring

Industrial Concrete Flooring Market Outlook

The global industrial concrete flooring market is projected to reach approximately USD 15.8 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of around 6.2% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is largely driven by the increasing demand for durable and low-maintenance flooring solutions across various sectors, including commercial and industrial applications. The ongoing trend towards modernization and the need for sustainable building practices further fuel the market expansion. Additionally, the rise in construction activities around the world, especially in developing regions, contributes significantly to the market growth. The versatility and cost-effectiveness of concrete flooring make it a preferred choice among builders and contractors, promoting increased adoption in various projects.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors are contributing to the growth of the industrial concrete flooring market. The increasing preference for eco-friendly construction materials is prompting builders to opt for concrete flooring due to its sustainability and recyclability. Moreover, advancements in flooring technologies such as polished, stamped, and stained concrete are attracting a broader customer base, seeking aesthetic appeal alongside functionality. The durability and longevity of concrete flooring make it an economical choice over time, reducing the need for frequent replacements or repairs. Additionally, the rise in industrialization and urbanization, especially in emerging economies, is driving demand for robust flooring solutions in warehouses, factories, and retail spaces. Finally, the expansion of the construction industry, coupled with government initiatives promoting infrastructural development, plays a crucial role in boosting market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Projected growth at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2035.
• Increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly flooring solutions.
• Expansion of the construction industry in developing regions.
• Technological advancements enhancing the appeal and quality of concrete flooring.
• Growing preferences for low-maintenance and durable flooring options in commercial and industrial sectors.

By Product Type

Stamped Concrete Flooring:

Stamped concrete flooring is gaining traction in the industrial concrete flooring market due to its aesthetic appeal and versatility. This type of flooring mimics the appearance of natural stones, bricks, or even wood, while offering the durability and low maintenance of standard concrete. Stamped concrete is particularly popular in outdoor applications such as patios, walkways, and driveways, where visual appeal is essential. It is also increasingly being used in commercial spaces to create attractive environments that enhance customer experiences. The array of design possibilities available with stamped concrete allows property owners and contractors to create unique spaces tailored to specific aesthetic visions, making it a preferred choice for many renovation and new construction projects.

Polished Concrete Flooring:

Polished concrete flooring is recognized for its high gloss finish and durability, making it a top choice for industrial settings. The polishing process involves mechanically grinding the surface of the concrete to achieve a smooth, shiny finish, which not only enhances the appearance but also increases resistance to stains and damage. This type of flooring is increasingly applied in retail outlets, warehouses, and manufacturing facilities due to its low maintenance requirements and long lifespan. Additionally, polished concrete is often considered a sustainable option because it can make use of existing concrete slabs, reducing the need for additional materials and minimizing waste. The ability to customize the finish with various colors and styles further contributes to its growing popularity in various sectors.

Stained Concrete Flooring:

Stained concrete flooring provides a unique and vibrant aesthetic by applying color directly to the concrete surface. This type of flooring allows for a wide range of artistic possibilities, from subtle hues to bold, eye-catching designs. Stained concrete is commonly used in both residential and commercial settings, offering a durable surface that can withstand high traffic while maintaining its visual appeal. This option is particularly favored for its ability to transform ordinary concrete into an attractive flooring solution, making it a popular choice for creative and modern interiors. Moreover, the staining process is environmentally friendly, using water-based products that reduce harmful emissions, thereby appealing to eco-conscious consumers.

Epoxy Coating Concrete Flooring:

Epoxy coating concrete flooring is highly valued for its resistance to chemicals, stains, and impacts, making it an ideal choice for industrial environments, such as factories and warehouses. This flooring solution involves applying a durable epoxy resin over the concrete surface, creating a seamless and glossy finish that enhances durability. The epoxy coating not only improves the aesthetic appeal of the floor but also provides a non-slip surface, which is crucial for safety in industrial settings. Additionally, epoxy flooring is easy to clean and maintain, which contributes to its increasing adoption in sectors where hygiene and cleanliness are paramount, such as food and beverage processing facilities.

Sealed Concrete Flooring:

Sealed concrete flooring is a straightforward and practical option that involves applying a sealant to the concrete surface to protect it from moisture, stains, and wear. This type of flooring is commonly used in a variety of applications, including residential, commercial, and industrial settings. The advantage of sealed concrete flooring is its cost-effectiveness and ease of installation, making it a popular choice for budget-conscious projects. Moreover, sealers can enhance the color and texture of the concrete, providing a finished look without the complexity of other flooring options. The demand for sealed concrete is expected to remain strong as property owners seek simple, effective solutions that enhance the longevity of their flooring without significant investment.

By Application

Residential:

In the residential sector, concrete flooring is becoming increasingly popular due to its versatility and aesthetic benefits. Homeowners are opting for various types of concrete flooring, such as stained and polished options, to enhance the look of their living spaces. Concrete flooring provides an ideal solution for areas prone to moisture, such as basements and bathrooms, thanks to its durable and water-resistant properties. Moreover, concrete can easily be customized with colors, textures, and finishes, allowing homeowners to achieve the desired ambiance in their homes. As more individuals focus on sustainable living, the eco-friendly aspect of concrete flooring further bolsters its appeal, making it an attractive choice for modern residential projects.

Commercial:

The commercial application of concrete flooring is on the rise, driven by the need for durable, low-maintenance surfaces in retail environments, office spaces, and hospitality venues. Concrete flooring offers several advantages, including resistance to wear and tear, ease of cleaning, and long-term cost savings, making it a practical choice for businesses. The ability to create custom designs through staining and polishing allows commercial establishments to enhance their branding and aesthetic appeal, attracting customers and promoting a positive experience. With the growing emphasis on eco-friendly building practices, concrete flooring presents an attractive option for commercial projects aiming to reduce their environmental impact while maintaining functionality and style.

Industrial:

Concrete flooring is essential in industrial applications, where durability and resistance to heavy loads and chemicals are critical. Industrial settings, such as manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distribution centers, benefit from the strength and longevity of concrete flooring, which can withstand the rigors of daily operations. The use of epoxy coatings and sealers in these environments enhances the flooring's resistance to spills, stains, and abrasions, ensuring safety and longevity. Moreover, concrete flooring is easy to maintain, reducing operational downtime and associated costs for industrial facilities. As industries continue to expand and evolve, the demand for reliable and efficient flooring solutions, such as concrete, remains strong.

Institutional:

Institutional applications of concrete flooring, including schools, hospitals, and government buildings, highlight the material's versatility and durability. In educational facilities, concrete flooring provides a safe and resilient surface that can handle high foot traffic, while also offering design flexibility to create engaging learning environments. In healthcare settings, the hygienic properties of sealed and polished concrete are crucial for maintaining cleanliness and meeting strict sanitation standards. Furthermore, concrete's ability to be customized in terms of color and finish allows institutions to create visually appealing spaces that promote comfort and well-being. As public institutions increasingly seek durable and cost-effective solutions, the use of concrete flooring is expected to continue growing within this sector.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses various niche applications of concrete flooring across different sectors. This includes installations in locations such as garages, outdoor patios, and recreational facilities. The versatility of concrete allows it to be tailored for specific uses, whether it’s enhancing the aesthetic appeal of a backyard or providing a robust surface for sports and fitness activities. The growing trend of outdoor living spaces has also seen an increase in the use of stamped and stained concrete for patios and walkways, as homeowners look for durable yet attractive solutions. This segment is expected to grow as more unique applications for concrete flooring are discovered, further solidifying its position in the overall market.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales play a significant role in the distribution of concrete flooring products, allowing manufacturers to engage directly with customers and contractors. This method facilitates personalized service, where clients can receive tailored recommendations based on their specific needs and project requirements. Direct sales often yield higher profit margins for manufacturers since they eliminate intermediary costs. Furthermore, this approach fosters stronger relationships between manufacturers and clients, ensuring timely feedback and improved customer satisfaction. As the market for concrete flooring continues to grow, the importance of direct sales channels is likely to increase, particularly in the context of large-scale construction projects requiring close collaboration between suppliers and contractors.

Indirect Sales:

Indirect sales channels, encompassing distributors, retailers, and online marketplaces, are crucial for reaching a wider audience in the concrete flooring market. These channels enable manufacturers to penetrate various regional markets and tap into segments that may not have access to direct sales options. Indirect distribution provides customers with more choices and convenience, allowing for easy comparisons of products and prices. As e-commerce continues to thrive, online sales channels are becoming increasingly important for the concrete flooring sector, enabling customers to access a broad range of products from the comfort of their homes. This shift towards indirect sales will likely foster increased competition among suppliers, benefiting consumers through better pricing and enhanced service offerings.

By Ingredient Type

Cement:

Cement is a fundamental ingredient in concrete flooring, serving as the primary binding agent that holds the aggregate together. The type of cement used can significantly affect the overall performance and durability of the flooring. Various formulations, such as Portland cement, are commonly employed in the production of concrete flooring to optimize strength and longevity. The demand for high-quality cement is expected to grow as construction standards continue to evolve. Additionally, advancements in cement technology, including the development of eco-friendly alternatives, are likely to influence the market dynamics positively as more consumers seek sustainable options.

Aggregates:

Aggregates, which include sand, gravel, and crushed stone, are critical for determining the structural integrity and physical properties of concrete flooring. The choice of aggregates can impact the weight, strength, and aesthetic qualities of the finished product. The increasing focus on sustainable construction practices is driving the demand for recycled aggregates, which help minimize environmental impact while providing high-performance flooring solutions. As construction industry standards advance, the demand for specialized aggregates designed for specific applications, such as high-strength or lightweight concrete, will likely see significant growth, further impacting the industrial concrete flooring market.

Admixtures:

Admixtures are chemical additives incorporated into concrete formulations to enhance specific properties, such as workability, strength, or setting time. The use of admixtures allows for greater flexibility in the design and performance of concrete flooring, making it suitable for a broad range of applications. With increasing emphasis on high-performance concrete solutions, manufacturers are continuously innovating new admixtures to meet the evolving demands of the market. The growing trend towards customized flooring solutions is expected to drive the adoption of advanced admixtures, leading to improved performance and sustainability in concrete flooring applications.

Fiber Reinforcement:

Fiber reinforcement has gained traction in the concrete flooring market due to its ability to enhance the structural properties and durability of concrete. Fibers, such as steel, glass, or synthetic materials, are mixed into the concrete to improve tensile strength, reduce cracking, and enhance overall performance. This innovation is particularly valuable in industrial applications where floors are subjected to heavy loads and wear. The increasing focus on long-lasting flooring solutions has prompted many contractors to explore fiber-reinforced concrete as an alternative to traditional methods. The demand for fiber reinforcement is expected to grow as awareness of its benefits continues to spread among builders and industry professionals.

Others:

The "Others" category encompasses various additional ingredients and additives used in creating concrete flooring. These may include color pigments, sealers, and surface treatments, all of which contribute to the final appearance and performance characteristics of the flooring. As design trends evolve, the demand for customized finishes and treatments is expected to increase, prompting manufacturers to explore innovative solutions to meet consumer preferences. Moreover, as sustainability becomes a key consideration for many builders, eco-friendly alternatives in this category will likely see enhanced interest, thereby influencing the overall landscape of the industrial concrete flooring market.

By Region

The industrial concrete flooring market is witnessing diverse growth trajectories across various regions, each with unique drivers and challenges. North America holds a significant share of the market, primarily due to the robust construction industry and increasing investments in infrastructural development. The region is projected to expand at a CAGR of approximately 5.7% from 2025 to 2035, driven by the rising demand for sustainable and durable flooring solutions in both residential and commercial sectors. Additionally, the presence of key players and manufacturers in the region contributes to the market's steady growth. On the other hand, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market, with anticipated growth fueled by rapid urbanization, government initiatives aimed at infrastructure development, and a burgeoning middle class demanding higher quality living spaces.

Europe also plays a crucial role in the industrial concrete flooring market, with a strong focus on sustainability and environmental regulations driving the adoption of eco-friendly flooring solutions. The increasing renovation and refurbishment activities in Western Europe are expected to further propel market growth, while Eastern Europe is witnessing an upsurge in new construction projects. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually embracing concrete flooring solutions, spurred by increasing investments in construction and infrastructure, although they currently represent smaller shares of the overall market. Overall, the regional dynamics are influenced by local economic conditions, regulatory frameworks, and market trends, shaping the future of the industrial concrete flooring sector.

Opportunities

The industrial concrete flooring market is poised for significant opportunities driven by evolving consumer preferences and market trends. One of the primary opportunities lies in the growing demand for sustainable construction materials. As more builders and property owners prioritize environmentally friendly practices, there is a rising interest in eco-friendly concrete solutions, including recycled materials and low-emission products. Manufacturers who can innovate and provide sustainable flooring options are likely to gain a competitive edge in the market. Furthermore, advancements in flooring technologies, such as improved surface finishes and high-performance mixtures, are opening new avenues for product development, creating opportunities for companies to cater to diverse customer needs across various sectors.

Another promising opportunity exists in the growing trend of smart buildings and automation in construction. As technology continues to evolve, concrete flooring manufacturers have the chance to integrate smart technology into their products, offering features such as temperature control, energy efficiency, and enhanced safety. This shift towards smarter building practices is likely to result in increased demand for innovative flooring solutions that align with the needs of modern infrastructure. Additionally, the expansion of the e-commerce sector provides manufacturers with new distribution channels to reach customers more effectively, enabling them to tap into previously underserved markets. By leveraging these opportunities, companies can position themselves strategically to capitalize on the growth potential within the industrial concrete flooring market.

Threats

Despite the promising growth potential of the industrial concrete flooring market, several threats could hinder progress. One significant threat is the volatility in raw material prices, particularly cement and aggregates, which can directly impact profitability and pricing strategies for manufacturers. Fluctuations in material costs may lead to challenges in maintaining competitive pricing, potentially deterring customers from making long-term investments in concrete flooring solutions. Additionally, the increasing competition from alternative flooring materials, such as vinyl, laminate, and tile, poses a threat to market share. As consumers seek a wider range of flooring options, manufacturers must find ways to differentiate their products and highlight the advantages of concrete flooring to maintain relevance in a competitive landscape.

Another concern for the market is the potential regulatory challenges and environmental concerns associated with the concrete manufacturing process. Stricter regulations regarding emissions and waste management can increase production costs and complicate compliance for manufacturers. Furthermore, the environmental impact of concrete production, particularly in terms of carbon emissions, is under scrutiny as sustainability becomes a key consideration for consumers and policymakers alike. Companies that fail to adapt to these regulatory changes may face reputational damage and decreased market share. Addressing these threats will require proactive strategies and innovation to ensure sustainable practices are implemented within the industrial concrete flooring market.

Competitor Outlook

• Husqvarna AB
• Sika AG
• Mapei S.p.A.
• Saint-Gobain
• F. Ball and Co. Ltd.
• Quikrete Companies
• Concrete Supply Co.
• Harris Rebar
• Ardex Group
• Super Concrete
• Contech Enterprises
• Oldcastle Infrastructure
• CTI Concrete Technologies
• Schluter-Systems
• Prochem

The competitive landscape of the industrial concrete flooring market is marked by the presence of numerous players, ranging from established multinational corporations to local manufacturers. Key companies are focusing on innovation and product development to enhance their offerings and address the evolving needs of consumers. Firms are increasingly investing in research and development to create high-performance flooring solutions that meet stringent quality and sustainability standards. Moreover, strategic partnerships and collaborations with contractors and architects are becoming common as manufacturers seek to strengthen their market positions and expand their reach.

Additionally, companies are adopting various marketing strategies to promote their products and enhance brand visibility. This includes participating in trade shows, online advertising, and leveraging social media platforms to engage with potential customers. As competition intensifies, firms are also focusing on customer service and support to differentiate themselves in the market. Providing exceptional post-sales services, including installation support and maintenance guidance, can enhance customer loyalty and drive repeat business. This dynamic competitive environment necessitates continuous adaptation and innovation as companies strive to capture a larger share of the growing industrial concrete flooring market.

Among the leading companies in the industrial concrete flooring market is Sika AG, known for its expertise in specialty chemicals and construction systems. The company offers a range of concrete flooring solutions, including epoxy and polyurethane systems, which are designed to withstand heavy loads and harsh environmental conditions. With a strong emphasis on sustainability, Sika AG continues to innovate, focusing on developing low-emission products that meet the demands of modern construction practices. Another key player, Husqvarna AB, is recognized for its advanced concrete tools and equipment, enabling contractors to achieve high-quality results efficiently. The company’s commitment to innovation and quality positions it as a trusted partner in the flooring industry.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Prochem
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Sika AG
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Ardex Group
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Harris Rebar
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Husqvarna AB
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Mapei S.p.A.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Saint-Gobain
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Super Concrete
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Schluter-Systems
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Quikrete Companies
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Concrete Supply Co.
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Contech Enterprises
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 F. Ball and Co. Ltd.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Oldcastle Infrastructure
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 CTI Concrete Technologies
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Industrial Concrete Flooring Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Residential
    • 6.1.2 Commercial
    • 6.1.3 Industrial
    • 6.1.4 Institutional
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Industrial Concrete Flooring Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Stamped Concrete Flooring
    • 6.2.2 Polished Concrete Flooring
    • 6.2.3 Stained Concrete Flooring
    • 6.2.4 Epoxy Coating Concrete Flooring
    • 6.2.5 Sealed Concrete Flooring
  • 6.3 Industrial Concrete Flooring Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Cement
    • 6.3.2 Aggregates
    • 6.3.3 Admixtures
    • 6.3.4 Fiber Reinforcement
    • 6.3.5 Others
  • 6.4 Industrial Concrete Flooring Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Indirect Sales

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Industrial Concrete Flooring Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Industrial Concrete Flooring market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Stamped Concrete Flooring
• Polished Concrete Flooring
• Stained Concrete Flooring
• Epoxy Coating Concrete Flooring
• Sealed Concrete Flooring

By Application

• Residential
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Institutional
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Indirect Sales

By Ingredient Type

• Cement
• Aggregates
• Admixtures
• Fiber Reinforcement
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Husqvarna AB
• Sika AG
• Mapei S.p.A.
• Saint-Gobain
• F. Ball and Co. Ltd.
• Quikrete Companies
• Concrete Supply Co.
• Harris Rebar
• Ardex Group
• Super Concrete
• Contech Enterprises
• Oldcastle Infrastructure
• CTI Concrete Technologies
• Schluter-Systems
• Prochem