High Alloy Steel Sales

High Alloy Steel Sales Market Outlook

The global high alloy steel market is projected to reach approximately USD 120 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of around 5.3% during the forecast period of 2025-2035. This substantial growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for high-strength, corrosion-resistant materials across various industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction sectors. The rise of advanced manufacturing technologies and the emphasis on product longevity and reliability are also driving the growth of high alloy steel. Furthermore, the ongoing expansion of infrastructure projects in developing countries is anticipated to create a significant demand for high alloy steel products. Additionally, the need for improved energy efficiency and sustainability in manufacturing processes is fostering innovation and attracting investments in the high alloy steel sector.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors contribute to the growth of the high alloy steel market. Firstly, the increasing applications of high alloy steel in critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace, where performance and safety are paramount, cannot be overlooked. The demand for lightweight yet durable materials to meet stringent regulatory requirements in these industries drives manufacturers to opt for high alloy steels, which offer superior strength-to-weight ratios. Secondly, the construction industry is witnessing a renaissance fueled by urbanization and infrastructure development, driving the need for high-performance materials that can withstand harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, advancements in steelmaking technologies, including the introduction of electric arc furnaces, have allowed for better material quality, lower production costs, and more sustainable practices, further bolstering market growth. Lastly, the high alloy steel market is benefiting from an increasing focus on recycling and sustainability, as these materials can be efficiently recycled without losing their properties, making them an attractive option for eco-conscious industries.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global high alloy steel market is expected to reach USD 120 billion by 2035.
• Stainless steel is projected to dominate the market due to its versatility and corrosion resistance.
• The automotive industry is the leading application area, driving demand for high-strength materials.
• Asia Pacific is anticipated to be the fastest-growing region, with a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period.
• Technological advancements in steel production are enhancing the quality and reducing the costs of high alloy steel.

By Product Type

Stainless Steel:

Stainless steel is one of the most prominent segments in the high alloy steel market, known for its exceptional corrosion resistance, strength, and durability. It is primarily used in applications where hygiene and cleanliness are critical, such as in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The versatility of stainless steel also makes it widely used in construction, automotive, and consumer goods, ranging from kitchen appliances to building facades. The continuous innovation in stainless steel grades, including the development of lower-cost alternatives, is driving its demand across various end-use sectors. The ongoing emphasis on sustainable practices, coupled with the recyclability of stainless steel, further enhances its appeal in the market. Consequently, this segment is expected to witness significant growth, driven by both increasing consumption and new applications.

Tool Steel:

Tool steel is another critical segment of the high alloy steel market, specifically designed for manufacturing tools, dies, and other components that require high wear resistance and toughness. Tool steels are known for their ability to retain hardness at elevated temperatures, making them ideal for applications such as cutting and forming tools, molds, and dies in various manufacturing processes. As industries continue to adopt advanced manufacturing technologies like CNC machining and additive manufacturing, the demand for high-quality tool steels is anticipated to rise. Additionally, the automotive and aerospace sectors are significant consumers of tool steel, as these industries require precision-engineered components. The growing trend towards automation and high-performance machinery in manufacturing processes is expected to further propel the tool steel segment's growth.

High Speed Steel:

High-speed steel (HSS) is a specialized type of tool steel that is designed to withstand high temperatures without losing its hardness, making it an essential material for cutting tools and machining applications. The high-speed steel market is primarily driven by the increasing demand for precision cutting tools in various manufacturing sectors. The automotive and aerospace industries, in particular, heavily rely on HSS for drilling, milling, and turning operations. As these industries push for greater efficiency and productivity, the need for high-performance cutting tools will continue to drive the adoption of high-speed steel. Furthermore, the advancements in coating technologies, such as the development of titanium nitride coatings, are enhancing the properties of HSS tools, contributing to their popularity in the market.

Alloy Steel:

Alloy steel consists of carbon steel combined with various elements to enhance its mechanical properties, such as strength, toughness, and hardness. This segment plays a crucial role in various applications, including construction, automotive, and energy sectors, where high strength and durability are essential. The demand for alloy steel is particularly high in applications requiring components that can withstand extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and corrosive environments. The ongoing focus on infrastructure development and the increasing use of lightweight materials in automotive manufacturing are expected to drive the growth of the alloy steel segment. Additionally, the rise of renewable energy projects, such as wind turbines and solar power, is further expanding the market for alloy steel, as these applications require high-strength materials capable of withstanding harsh conditions.

Maraging Steel:

Maraging steel is a unique category of high alloy steel known for its exceptional strength and toughness, combined with high ductility. This type of steel is primarily used in specialized applications, such as aerospace components, tooling, and high-performance machinery. The maraging steel segment is expected to grow due to the increasing demand for lightweight yet strong materials in the aerospace industry, where weight reduction is critical for improving fuel efficiency. Additionally, the expanding use of maraging steel in defense applications, due to its superior properties, is contributing to its market growth. The unique processing methods and heat treatments that enhance the characteristics of maraging steel are attracting interest from manufacturers looking for advanced materials for demanding applications, thus driving the segment forward.

By Application

Automotive:

The automotive industry is one of the largest consumers of high alloy steel, as manufacturers seek materials that offer strength, durability, and lightweight properties to enhance vehicle performance. High alloy steels are used in various automotive components, including engine parts, transmission systems, and structural components, where safety and reliability are paramount. The push towards electric vehicles and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is further driving the demand for innovative materials that can enhance vehicle efficiency and safety. As automotive manufacturers continue to focus on reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, the need for high-strength, lightweight materials like high alloy steel will remain critical in achieving these objectives.

Aerospace:

The aerospace sector is a significant consumer of high alloy steel due to the strict requirements for safety, performance, and weight reduction in aircraft manufacturing. High alloy steels are utilized in critical components, such as landing gears, turbine blades, and structural frames, where high strength and fatigue resistance are essential. The growing demand for new commercial and military aircraft is expected to drive the market for high alloy steel in the aerospace sector. Additionally, advancements in aerospace manufacturing technologies, such as additive manufacturing and precision machining, are facilitating the production of complex components with high alloy steels, further enhancing their adoption in this industry. The increasing emphasis on lightweight materials to improve fuel efficiency is also contributing to the growth of high alloy steel in aerospace applications.

Construction:

The construction industry is a major contributor to the high alloy steel market, driven by the demand for materials that provide strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. High alloy steel is used in various construction applications, including beams, columns, reinforcements, and structural components, where reliability and safety are paramount. The ongoing urbanization and infrastructure development initiatives worldwide are significantly increasing the demand for high-performance materials. Furthermore, the trend towards sustainable construction practices, where recycled and durable materials are favored, is bolstering the adoption of high alloy steel in the construction sector. As governments and organizations continue to invest in infrastructure projects, the construction segment will likely remain a fundamental growth driver for the high alloy steel market.

Energy:

High alloy steel plays a crucial role in the energy sector, particularly in the oil, gas, and renewable energy industries. It is utilized in the production of pipelines, drilling equipment, and structural components that must withstand harsh environmental conditions and high pressures. The growing focus on energy efficiency and the transition towards renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, is driving the demand for high alloy steel. Additionally, the need for safe and reliable materials in energy production and distribution is propelling the adoption of high alloy steel in various applications. As energy companies continue to invest in infrastructure and advanced technologies, the market for high alloy steel in the energy sector is expected to experience significant growth.

Machinery:

The machinery sector is a vital application area for high alloy steel, as it is used to manufacture components that require high strength, wear resistance, and durability. High alloy steel is commonly found in machine tools, industrial equipment, and construction machinery, where performance and reliability are critical. The growing trend towards automation and smart manufacturing is expected to drive the demand for high-quality machinery components, further boosting the adoption of high alloy steel. Moreover, the increasing focus on machinery maintenance and longevity is leading manufacturers to preference high alloy steel, which can withstand the rigors of industrial applications. As industries continue to evolve and modernize, the machinery segment will play a crucial role in the overall growth of the high alloy steel market.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales constitute a significant distribution channel in the high alloy steel market, allowing manufacturers to engage directly with customers and offer tailored solutions. This approach enables manufacturers to build strong relationships with clients, understand their specific needs, and provide customized products accordingly. Direct sales also facilitate streamlined communication and quicker response times, contributing to customer satisfaction and loyalty. The growing trend of companies seeking reliable suppliers for high-quality steel products further supports the expansion of direct sales channels. Furthermore, the rising demand for specialized high alloy steel grades is prompting manufacturers to adopt direct sales practices to cater to niche market segments and meet unique customer requirements.

Distributors:

Distributors play a vital role in the high alloy steel supply chain, facilitating the distribution of products from manufacturers to end-users. They often maintain large inventories, offering customers quick access to a wide range of high alloy steel products. Distributors can provide valuable expertise and market insights, helping customers navigate the complexities of material selection and application requirements. Additionally, the presence of distributors can enhance the reach of manufacturers, allowing them to penetrate new markets and customer segments effectively. As industries continue to expand and diversify, the reliance on distributors for high alloy steel materials is expected to grow, contributing to the overall market's expansion.

Online Retailers:

The rise of e-commerce has transformed the high alloy steel market, with online retailers emerging as a prominent distribution channel. This shift allows customers to easily compare products, prices, and specifications, facilitating informed purchasing decisions. Online retail platforms also provide manufacturers with the opportunity to showcase their products to a broader audience, expanding their market reach. The convenience of online shopping is particularly appealing to smaller businesses and individual customers who may not have access to traditional distribution channels. As the trend towards digitalization continues, the role of online retailers in the high alloy steel market is expected to increase, enhancing competition and offering customers greater choices.

Specialty Stores:

Specialty stores are an essential distribution channel for high alloy steel, catering to specific industries or customer needs. These stores often provide a curated selection of high-quality materials, along with expert advice and support in material selection and application. Specialty stores can serve niche markets, appealing to customers seeking unique or specialized high alloy steel products. The personalized service offered by specialty stores can enhance customer satisfaction and foster loyalty, as clients appreciate the ability to receive tailored recommendations. As industries become more specialized, the demand for specialty stores in the high alloy steel market is expected to grow, providing valuable resources for end-users.

Others:

This category includes various distribution channels that may not fit into the primary classifications. It encompasses unique or emerging channels through which high alloy steel products are sold, such as trade shows, industry exhibitions, and direct procurement through tenders or contracts. These channels can provide opportunities for manufacturers to showcase their products and connect with potential customers, particularly in industries where high alloy steel is used for specialized applications. As the market continues to evolve, the 'others' category is likely to encompass a growing number of innovative distribution strategies that enhance accessibility and availability for customers seeking high alloy steel products.

By Region

The regional analysis of the high alloy steel market reveals significant variations in demand and consumption patterns across different geographical areas. North America is currently one of the largest markets for high alloy steel, driven primarily by robust industries such as automotive, aerospace, and energy. The region's focus on advanced manufacturing techniques and high-quality materials contributes to the demand for high alloy steel. The market in North America is projected to experience a steady growth rate of approximately 4.8% CAGR during the forecast period. In Europe, the high alloy steel market is also witnessing substantial growth, supported by the region's strong manufacturing base and increasing investments in infrastructure development. The aerospace and automotive sectors in Europe are significant consumers of high alloy steel, which is expected to sustain market growth.

Asia Pacific is anticipated to emerge as the fastest-growing region in the high alloy steel market during the forecast period, with a projected CAGR of 6.2%. This growth can be attributed to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing demand for high-performance materials in sectors such as automotive and construction. Countries like China and India are leading the way in infrastructure investments, thereby driving the demand for high alloy steel. Furthermore, the rising focus on renewable energy projects in this region is opening new avenues for high alloy steel applications. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to contribute to overall market growth, albeit at a slower pace, as these regions gradually enhance their industrial capabilities and focus on infrastructure development.

Opportunities

The high alloy steel market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly in emerging markets where industrialization and infrastructure development are on the rise. Countries in Asia Pacific, such as India and Vietnam, are witnessing a surge in manufacturing activities, resulting in increased demand for high-quality materials like high alloy steel. As these nations continue to invest in their infrastructure, the construction and automotive sectors will likely drive the adoption of high alloy steel, presenting an opportunity for manufacturers to expand their presence in these lucrative markets. Additionally, the shift towards renewable energy and sustainable practices is creating a demand for high-performance materials in the energy sector. Opportunities in the green technology space, including wind and solar energy, will likely propel the growth of high alloy steel applications, as these sectors require durable and corrosion-resistant materials.

Furthermore, technological advancements in manufacturing processes are enabling the production of high alloy steels with enhanced properties, catering to the evolving needs of various industries. Innovations such as additive manufacturing and smart manufacturing technologies are opening new avenues for high alloy steel applications, particularly in niche markets that require specialized materials. Manufacturers can capitalize on these advancements by investing in research and development to create high-performance products that meet specific application requirements. The trend towards customization and personalization in manufacturing presents an opportunity for high alloy steel producers to develop tailored solutions that cater to unique customer demands, thereby driving growth in the market.

Threats

One of the primary threats to the high alloy steel market is the volatility in raw material prices, which can significantly impact production costs and profit margins for manufacturers. Fluctuations in the prices of key raw materials, such as iron ore, nickel, and chromium, can create uncertainty in the market and may lead to increased costs for high alloy steel production. This volatility can also affect pricing strategies and competitiveness, making it challenging for manufacturers to maintain profitability. Additionally, competition from alternative materials, such as composites and lightweight alloys, poses a threat to the high alloy steel market. As industries seek to reduce weight and improve efficiency, they may opt for alternatives that offer similar or superior properties, thereby impacting demand for high alloy steel products.

Another significant concern for the high alloy steel market is the potential for oversupply due to excessive production capacity in certain regions. If supply outpaces demand, it could lead to price erosion and increased competition among manufacturers. This scenario could negatively affect smaller players in the market who may struggle to sustain operations in a saturated environment. Additionally, stringent environmental regulations and sustainability concerns may lead to increased costs and operational challenges for manufacturers. As governments impose stricter regulations on emissions and resource consumption, high alloy steel producers may face increased compliance costs, which could impact their bottom line. Therefore, companies operating in this market must remain vigilant and adaptable to navigate these potential threats effectively.

Restraining factors also play a role in shaping the high alloy steel market. One major restrainer is the high cost associated with the production of high alloy steel compared to traditional carbon steel. The complex processing techniques and high-quality raw materials required for high alloy steel production contribute to its elevated costs, making it less accessible for certain industries, particularly small and medium enterprises. This can limit the overall adoption of high alloy steel in applications where budget constraints are a significant consideration. Furthermore, the lack of awareness regarding the benefits and applications of high alloy steel among certain end-user industries can inhibit market growth. Manufacturers will need to invest in educational initiatives and marketing efforts to promote the advantages of high alloy steel and expand its usage across various sectors.

Competitor Outlook

• ArcelorMittal
• Thyssenkrupp AG
• Nippon Steel Corporation
• JFE Steel Corporation
• Tata Steel
• US Steel Corporation
• POSCO
• Salzgitter AG
• Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
• Outokumpu Oyj
• AK Steel Holding Corporation
• Baosteel Group Corporation
• SSAB AB
• Tenaris
• Hyundai Steel Company

The competitive landscape of the high alloy steel market is characterized by several key players that dominate the industry through innovation, product quality, and extensive distribution networks. Leading companies such as ArcelorMittal, Thyssenkrupp AG, and Nippon Steel Corporation have established themselves as major players due to their vast production capacities and diversified product offerings. These companies are continuously investing in research and development to enhance their product portfolios and remain competitive in the market. Additionally, their strong brand recognition and global presence enable them to cater to a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and construction. The competition among these large manufacturers drives the market towards improved quality, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.

Smaller and regional players also play a significant role in the competitive landscape, often focusing on niche markets and specialized applications. Companies like Outokumpu Oyj and Salzgitter AG are examples of such players that have carved out a space in the high alloy steel market by offering targeted solutions and exceptional customer service. These companies leverage their expertise in specific applications and materials to differentiate themselves from larger competitors. Furthermore, the rise of startups and new entrants in the high alloy steel sector is fostering innovation and diversity in the market, creating opportunities for collaboration and partnerships that can enhance product offerings and expand market reach.

As companies in the high alloy steel market continue to evolve, strategic partnerships and alliances are becoming increasingly important. Collaborations between manufacturers, research institutions, and technology providers can lead to the development of advanced materials and production methods that meet the changing demands of industries. Major players are exploring opportunities for vertical integration to enhance supply chain efficiency and reduce costs. Additionally, the growing emphasis on sustainability and environmental responsibility is prompting companies to adopt greener practices, such as using recycled materials and reducing carbon emissions. As the market landscape progresses, the ability to adapt to changing trends and leverage strategic partnerships will be crucial for companies seeking to maintain their competitive edge in the high alloy steel market.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 POSCO
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 SSAB AB
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Tenaris
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Tata Steel
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 ArcelorMittal
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Outokumpu Oyj
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Salzgitter AG
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Thyssenkrupp AG
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 US Steel Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Hyundai Steel Company
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 JFE Steel Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Nippon Steel Corporation
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Baosteel Group Corporation
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 AK Steel Holding Corporation
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 High Alloy Steel Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Automotive
    • 6.1.2 Aerospace
    • 6.1.3 Construction
    • 6.1.4 Energy
    • 6.1.5 Machinery
  • 6.2 High Alloy Steel Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Stainless Steel
    • 6.2.2 Tool Steel
    • 6.2.3 High Speed Steel
    • 6.2.4 Alloy Steel
    • 6.2.5 Maraging Steel
  • 6.3 High Alloy Steel Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.3.2 Distributors
    • 6.3.3 Online Retailers
    • 6.3.4 Specialty Stores
    • 6.3.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 High Alloy Steel Sales Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global High Alloy Steel Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Stainless Steel
• Tool Steel
• High Speed Steel
• Alloy Steel
• Maraging Steel

By Application

• Automotive
• Aerospace
• Construction
• Energy
• Machinery

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Retailers
• Specialty Stores
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• ArcelorMittal
• Thyssenkrupp AG
• Nippon Steel Corporation
• JFE Steel Corporation
• Tata Steel
• US Steel Corporation
• POSCO
• Salzgitter AG
• Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
• Outokumpu Oyj
• AK Steel Holding Corporation
• Baosteel Group Corporation
• SSAB AB
• Tenaris
• Hyundai Steel Company