Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics

Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market Outlook

The global head and neck cancer therapeutics market is projected to reach USD 10.5 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3% from 2025 to 2035. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including an increase in the prevalence of head and neck cancers, advancements in therapeutic technologies, and the rise in awareness regarding early cancer detection and treatment options. Furthermore, the ongoing research into novel therapies and drug combinations, as well as the growing investments by key players in the market for developing effective treatments, are driving the demand for head and neck cancer therapeutics. An increase in the geriatric population, which is more susceptible to various forms of cancers, also contributes to the growing market size. Additionally, favorable government healthcare policies and reimbursement scenarios are playing a pivotal role in the growth of the market.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the primary growth factors driving the head and neck cancer therapeutics market is the increasing incidence of head and neck cancers globally. Factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are significantly contributing to the rising number of diagnosed cases. The therapeutic landscape is also evolving rapidly, with the introduction of innovative therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, further enhancing the treatment options available for patients. Additionally, ongoing clinical trials are expanding the understanding of head and neck cancers, leading to more effective treatment protocols. The technological advancements in drug delivery systems, which enhance the bioavailability and reduce the side effects of therapeutic agents, are also propelling market growth. The focus on personalized medicine, where therapies are tailored to the individual genetic profile of patients, is set to transform the treatment paradigm, thereby creating new opportunities for growth in the market.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The increasing prevalence of head and neck cancers worldwide.
• Growth in the adoption of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
• Technological advancements in drug delivery systems.
• Rising investments in research and development by pharmaceutical companies.
• Growing awareness about early detection and treatment options among patients.

By Therapy Type

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone treatment modality for head and neck cancer, especially for advanced-stage and recurrent disease. It uses cytotoxic drugs to target and destroy cancer cells, often used in combination with radiation therapy to enhance effectiveness. The availability of various chemotherapy agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, has expanded treatment options for clinicians. However, the side effects associated with chemotherapy, such as nausea, fatigue, and immunosuppression, sometimes limit its application. The development of new agents with fewer side effects and enhanced efficacy is an ongoing focus in this segment, as researchers aim for better outcomes in managing head and neck cancers.

Immunotherapy:

Immunotherapy is a revolutionary approach in treating head and neck cancers, utilizing the body's immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, has shown promising results and has been approved for use in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This therapy provides a novel way of harnessing immune responses and improving patient outcomes, particularly in those with recurrent or metastatic disease. The growing clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of immunotherapies is catalyzing their adoption, and ongoing research is expected to yield even more innovative immunotherapeutic strategies tailored for head and neck cancers.

Targeted Therapy:

Targeted therapy represents another significant advancement in treating head and neck cancers by focusing on specific molecular targets associated with tumor growth and progression. Drugs such as cetuximab, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have shown efficacy in treating patients with HNSCC. Targeted therapies often have fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapies, making them a more appealing option for many patients. The continuous exploration of genetic mutations and their targetable pathways is likely to expand the range of targeted drugs available, offering more personalized treatment options and improving overall patient prognosis in head and neck cancer.

Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy is a critical component of the treatment landscape for head and neck cancers and can be used as a primary treatment or adjuvant therapy in conjunction with surgery and chemotherapy. It employs high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays or proton beams, to destroy cancer cells. Advances in radiation technology, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), have led to more precise targeting of tumors, thereby preserving surrounding healthy tissues and reducing side effects. The rise of personalized radiation treatment plans based on individual tumor characteristics is further enhancing the effectiveness of this therapy for patients with head and neck cancers.

Surgery:

Surgery is often the first-line treatment for localized head and neck cancers and involves the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. Surgical techniques have advanced significantly, and minimally invasive approaches, such as robotic-assisted surgeries, have gained popularity. This technology allows for greater precision and reduced recovery times for patients. The role of surgery is critical not only for the removal of the cancerous tissue but also for obtaining pathological confirmation of the disease. Post-surgical treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be necessary, depending on the cancer stage and histological characteristics, ensuring comprehensive management of the disease.

By Drug Type

Cytotoxic Drugs:

Cytotoxic drugs are a staple in the treatment of head and neck cancers, primarily used in chemotherapy regimens. These drugs work by interfering with the cell cycle, preventing cancer cells from dividing and proliferating. Common cytotoxic agents include doxorubicin and paclitaxel, which have shown effectiveness against various types of tumors. Despite their efficacy, the use of cytotoxic drugs is often accompanied by significant side effects, which can impact the patient's quality of life. Ongoing research aims to develop newer cytotoxic agents with improved therapeutic indices and reduced toxicity profiles, reinforcing their place in the treatment arsenal for head and neck cancer.

Monoclonal Antibodies:

Monoclonal antibodies represent a significant advancement in the treatment of head and neck cancers, particularly in targeting specific antigens on cancer cells. Agents such as cetuximab have been widely adopted due to their ability to inhibit tumor growth by blocking receptor activity. The specificity of monoclonal antibodies minimizes damage to normal cells, resulting in fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapies. The increasing knowledge of tumor biology and immune mechanisms is driving the development of novel monoclonal antibodies, which could further enhance treatment options and outcomes for patients with head and neck cancers.

Checkpoint Inhibitors:

Checkpoint inhibitors are a groundbreaking class of immunotherapy that has transformed the treatment landscape for head and neck cancers. They work by blocking proteins that inhibit the immune response, thereby allowing T-cells to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. Agents like pembrolizumab and nivolumab have shown significant efficacy in clinical trials for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The continued exploration of combination therapies that incorporate checkpoint inhibitors with other treatment modalities is expected to enhance response rates and improve survival outcomes further.

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are targeted therapies that interfere with specific enzymes involved in the signaling pathways that drive cancer cell proliferation and survival. Drugs such as erlotinib and gefitinib are examples of TKIs used in head and neck cancer treatment. These agents are particularly valuable for patients whose tumors express certain genetic mutations that make them susceptible to TKI treatment. The ongoing research into identifying new targets and developing next-generation TKIs is likely to expand the treatment options available for head and neck cancer patients, enhancing efficacy while minimizing side effects associated with traditional therapies.

Platinum-Based Drugs:

Platinum-based drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are fundamental agents in the chemotherapy regimens used for head and neck cancers. These drugs work by cross-linking DNA, thereby interfering with the cancer cell's ability to replicate and repair itself. Their potent efficacy in various cancer types has made them a mainstay in the treatment protocols for head and neck cancers. However, their use can be limited by dose-dependent toxicities, including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Ongoing research aims to optimize dosing strategies and explore combination therapies that could reduce side effects while maintaining effectiveness, ensuring that platinum-based drugs retain their critical role in cancer treatment.

By Distribution Channel

Hospitals:

Hospitals remain one of the primary distribution channels for head and neck cancer therapeutics, providing a comprehensive facility for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. With the presence of specialized oncology departments, hospitals offer a range of therapeutic options, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgical interventions. The availability of multidisciplinary care teams ensures that patients receive coordinated treatment plans tailored to their unique needs. Hospitals also play a vital role in conducting clinical trials, which facilitate the introduction of new therapies to the market. The integration of advanced technologies and treatment protocols within hospitals continues to enhance patient care and outcomes.

Cancer Treatment Centers:

Cancer treatment centers are increasingly becoming a preferred choice for patients seeking specialized care for head and neck cancers. These centers focus exclusively on oncology, providing a wide array of therapies, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical options, all under one roof. The specialized knowledge and experience of the healthcare professionals in these centers often translate to improved treatment outcomes and more personalized patient care. Furthermore, cancer treatment centers are equipped to provide supportive care services, such as nutrition counseling and pain management, which are crucial for enhancing the overall quality of life for patients undergoing treatment.

Retail Pharmacies:

Retail pharmacies are essential in the distribution of head and neck cancer therapeutics, specifically for oral medications and supportive care products. These pharmacies play a significant role in the continuity of care by providing patients with access to prescribed therapies, ensuring medication adherence, and offering counseling on drug interactions and side effects. The convenience of retail pharmacies allows patients to obtain their medications close to home, which is particularly important for those who may have difficulties accessing larger healthcare facilities. The increasing trend of specialty pharmacies that focus on complex drug therapies is further improving services for patients with head and neck cancers.

Online Pharmacies:

Online pharmacies have emerged as a convenient and accessible distribution channel for head and neck cancer therapeutics, particularly for patients requiring maintenance medications or those who live in remote areas. The ability to order medications online allows patients to avoid long wait times and the logistical challenges of traveling to physical pharmacies. Online pharmacies often provide home delivery services, ensuring that patients receive their medications promptly and safely. Additionally, many online pharmacies offer telepharmacy services, providing patients with access to pharmacists for medication counseling and guidance. The growth of online pharmacies is expected to continue as patients increasingly embrace digital health solutions.

By Route of Administration

Oral:

The oral route of administration is increasingly favored in the head and neck cancer therapeutics market, primarily due to its ease of use and improved patient compliance. Oral medications, such as targeted therapies and some chemotherapeutic agents, allow patients to self-administer their treatments at home, reducing the need for frequent hospital visits. This convenience is particularly important for patients who may have mobility issues or reside in remote areas. The development of new oral formulations that enhance absorption and minimize side effects is driving the growth of this segment. Ongoing research is also focused on expanding the range of oral agents available for head and neck cancer treatment, ensuring that patients have access to effective therapies.

Injectable:

Injectable routes of administration play a significant role in the treatment of head and neck cancers, particularly for therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This method allows for direct delivery of drugs into the bloodstream, ensuring rapid onset of action, which is crucial for managing aggressive tumors. Injectable therapies are often administered in clinical settings, such as hospitals or cancer treatment centers, where healthcare professionals can monitor patients for potential side effects. The development of novel injectable formulations, including long-acting injectables that reduce the frequency of administration, is enhancing the overall therapeutic experience for patients and improving treatment adherence.

By Region

The North American region holds a dominant position in the head and neck cancer therapeutics market, accounting for approximately 40% of the total market share in 2025. This significant share can be attributed to the high incidence of head and neck cancers, coupled with advanced healthcare infrastructure and a strong presence of key pharmaceutical companies. The United States, in particular, is leading the charge with numerous clinical trials and research initiatives aimed at developing innovative treatment options. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of immunotherapy and targeted therapies in this region is set to drive market growth, with a projected CAGR of 8.1% during the forecast period.

Europe is another vital region for the head and neck cancer therapeutics market, contributing around 30% to the global market share. The rising awareness regarding head and neck cancers, along with the growing focus on early detection and treatment, is fueling market growth. Countries like Germany and the United Kingdom are at the forefront of this development, with enhanced access to healthcare services and advanced treatment options. The European market is also experiencing a surge in the development of innovative therapies, including immunotherapy and novel drug combinations, which are expected to further boost growth in the coming years. Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest-growing region during the forecast period, driven by an increase in cancer prevalence and healthcare investments.

Opportunities

One of the most significant opportunities in the head and neck cancer therapeutics market lies in the ongoing advancements in targeted therapies and personalized medicine. As researchers gain a deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic underpinnings of head and neck cancers, the potential for developing more effective and tailored treatment options increases. The ability to identify specific genetic mutations and biomarker profiles in patients allows for the design of therapies that are more likely to be successful, thereby improving patient outcomes. Additionally, the integration of genomic data into clinical practice can facilitate more informed treatment decisions and enhance the overall management of head and neck cancers. This paradigm shift is expected to create significant opportunities for pharmaceutical companies to innovate and expand their product offerings in this competitive landscape.

Another opportunity arises from the increasing focus on combination therapies that incorporate multiple treatment modalities. By combining chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies, clinicians aim to enhance the overall efficacy of treatment regimens and overcome potential resistance mechanisms. This approach is particularly relevant for head and neck cancers, which often exhibit complex biological behaviors. The ongoing clinical trials investigating various combinations offer a promising avenue for improving patient response rates and survival outcomes. Furthermore, the rising trend of collaboration between academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies to conduct research and development initiatives is likely to yield breakthroughs that will shape the future of head and neck cancer therapeutics.

Threats

One of the key threats to the head and neck cancer therapeutics market is the challenge of treatment resistance, which can limit the effectiveness of available therapies. Many patients initially respond well to treatment; however, over time, tumors may develop resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapies. This not only complicates treatment options but also increases the risk of disease progression and recurrence. Additionally, the variations in treatment response among patients, influenced by factors such as genetics and tumor biology, pose significant obstacles to achieving consistent and optimal outcomes. The ongoing need for extensive research to understand the mechanisms of resistance and develop novel strategies to counteract it is crucial for sustaining market growth and improving patient care.

Another notable threat to the market is the regulatory hurdles that accompany the approval and commercialization of new therapeutics. The rigorous clinical trial process required to demonstrate safety and efficacy can be time-consuming and costly, potentially delaying the entry of innovative treatments into the market. Furthermore, stringent regulations may impact pricing strategies, particularly for novel therapies that may carry higher development costs. This could limit patient access to essential treatments, particularly in regions with less robust healthcare systems. Therefore, addressing these regulatory challenges is critical to ensuring that breakthrough therapies can reach the patients who need them most and that the market continues to evolve to meet the needs of head and neck cancer patients.

Competitor Outlook

• Merck & Co.
• Roche Holding AG
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Amgen Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Novartis AG
• Bayer AG
• Gilead Sciences Inc.
• Celgene Corporation
• Eli Lilly and Company
• Sanofi S.A.
• AstraZeneca plc
• Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Seattle Genetics, Inc.

The competitive landscape of the head and neck cancer therapeutics market is characterized by the presence of numerous key players actively engaged in research and development to innovate and enhance treatment options. Major pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in clinical trials aimed at developing new therapies and expanding their product portfolios. The focus on collaboration, both within the industry and with academic institutions, is driving the discovery of novel compounds and treatment approaches. Additionally, the rise of biotechnology firms specializing in targeted therapies and immunotherapies is intensifying the competition, as they seek to address unmet medical needs in the head and neck cancer space.

Merck & Co. is a prominent player in the head and neck cancer therapeutics market, known for its innovative immunotherapy agents such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda). This checkpoint inhibitor has shown significant efficacy in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, establishing the company's position as a leader in this segment. Merck continues to invest in clinical trials to explore the potential of combination therapies, further solidifying its commitment to improving patient outcomes in head and neck cancer treatment. The company's robust pipeline includes various other therapeutics, showcasing its dedication to meeting the evolving needs of patients worldwide.

Roche Holding AG is another key competitor, with a strong focus on personalized medicine and targeted therapies. The company's monoclonal antibody, cetuximab (Erbitux), has been a mainstay in the treatment of head and neck cancers, offering patients an effective therapeutic option. Roche's commitment to research and development enables it to explore new avenues for therapy, including innovative combinations that leverage the strengths of various treatment modalities. The company's strategic initiatives and collaborations with research institutions position it well in the competitive landscape, allowing it to maintain its status as a frontrunner in head and neck cancer therapeutics.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Bayer AG
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Amgen Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Merck & Co.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Novartis AG
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Pfizer Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Sanofi S.A.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 AstraZeneca plc
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Roche Holding AG
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Celgene Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Gilead Sciences Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Eli Lilly and Company
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Seattle Genetics, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market, By Drug Type
    • 6.1.1 Cytotoxic Drugs
    • 6.1.2 Monoclonal Antibodies
    • 6.1.3 Checkpoint Inhibitors
    • 6.1.4 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
    • 6.1.5 Platinum-Based Drugs
  • 6.2 Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market, By Therapy Type
    • 6.2.1 Chemotherapy
    • 6.2.2 Immunotherapy
    • 6.2.3 Targeted Therapy
    • 6.2.4 Radiation Therapy
    • 6.2.5 Surgery
  • 6.3 Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Hospitals
    • 6.3.2 Cancer Treatment Centers
    • 6.3.3 Retail Pharmacies
    • 6.3.4 Online Pharmacies
  • 6.4 Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market, By Route of Administration
    • 6.4.1 Oral
    • 6.4.2 Injectable

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics market is categorized based on

By Therapy Type

• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Surgery

By Drug Type

• Cytotoxic Drugs
• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
• Platinum-Based Drugs

By Distribution Channel

• Hospitals
• Cancer Treatment Centers
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

By Route of Administration

• Oral
• Injectable

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Merck & Co.
• Roche Holding AG
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Amgen Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Novartis AG
• Bayer AG
• Gilead Sciences Inc.
• Celgene Corporation
• Eli Lilly and Company
• Sanofi S.A.
• AstraZeneca plc
• Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Seattle Genetics, Inc.