Geotextiles

Geotextiles Market Outlook

The global geotextiles market is expected to reach approximately USD 15 billion by 2035, growing at a significant CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth trajectory can be attributed to the increasing demand for geotextiles in various applications such as road construction, erosion control, and drainage projects, driven by rapid urbanization, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability initiatives. Additionally, the rising awareness of the benefits of using geotextiles, including soil stabilization and improved drainage efficiency, is further propelling market growth. The expansion of the construction and landscaping industries, combined with government initiatives focusing on infrastructure upgrades, is also anticipated to boost the market. Moreover, continuous technological advancements in the production of geotextiles are expected to enhance the performance and versatility of these materials, catering to a broader range of applications.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the primary growth factors for the geotextiles market lies in the increasing infrastructure development across emerging economies. Countries like India, Brazil, and several nations in Africa are witnessing massive investments in infrastructure projects, including roads, bridges, and drainage systems, which in turn are driving the demand for geotextiles. Additionally, the growing awareness of environmental conservation has led to an increased focus on sustainable construction practices, where geotextiles play a crucial role in reducing soil erosion and managing stormwater. The necessity for effective waste management and pollution control is also steering the adoption of geotextiles in landfills and wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, advancements in manufacturing technologies have led to the production of high-performance geotextiles that cater to specialized applications, thereby expanding market opportunities. Lastly, the rising trend of green building practices is creating a significant demand for eco-friendly geotextiles made from recyclable materials.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global geotextiles market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% from 2025 to 2035.
• Road construction is the largest application segment, accounting for over 40% of the market share.
• Non-woven geotextiles dominate the product type segment due to their versatility in various applications.
• Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth rate, driven by rapid urbanization and infrastructure development.
• Technological advancements in geotextile manufacturing are enhancing product performance and opening up new applications.

By Product Type

Non-Woven Geotextiles:

Non-woven geotextiles are created through a process of bonding fibers together using heat, chemicals, or mechanical methods, resulting in a fabric with a porous structure. This type of geotextile is extensively used in applications such as drainage, erosion control, and filtration, owing to its excellent water permeability and soil separation properties. The non-woven segment holds a significant market share due to its cost-effectiveness and versatility, making it a preferred choice in various civil engineering projects. These geotextiles are also favored for their ability to provide effective soil stabilization, which is crucial in construction activities, thus driving their demand in the market.

Woven Geotextiles:

Woven geotextiles are manufactured by interlacing two or more sets of fibers, producing a sturdy and durable fabric. They are known for their high strength and are primarily used in applications requiring load distribution and reinforcement, such as road construction and ground stabilization. The woven segment is gaining traction due to its ability to withstand challenging environmental conditions while providing excellent filtration capabilities. Moreover, the growing trend of using woven geotextiles in the construction of retaining walls and steep slopes is expected to contribute to the market's growth, as these applications enhance landscape aesthetics and stability.

Knitted Geotextiles:

Knitted geotextiles are produced by interlocking yarns through a looping process, resulting in a fabric that offers high flexibility and elasticity. While this type is less common than woven and non-woven geotextiles, it finds application in specialized areas such as containment and separation in landscaping and agricultural projects. Its unique properties make knitted geotextiles ideal for projects requiring lightweight materials that can conform to irregular surfaces. The ability of knitted geotextiles to provide effective drainage in various applications is also driving their adoption, although they currently occupy a smaller market share compared to woven and non-woven types.

Composite Geotextiles:

Composite geotextiles combine the advantages of two or more geotextile types, resulting in enhanced performance for specific applications. These materials are engineered to provide superior filtration, separation, and drainage capabilities while maintaining structural integrity. The demand for composite geotextiles is on the rise, especially in complex civil engineering projects that require multiple functionalities from a single product. Their versatility makes them suitable for a range of applications, including road construction, landfill capping, and erosion control, which is contributing to their growing market presence.

Others:

This segment includes various niche geotextile products that do not fall under the primary categories. These can be innovative geotextile solutions developed for specialized applications or products designed for specific environmental conditions. As the market for geotextiles continues to evolve, companies are investing in research and development to create new types of geotextiles tailored to unique challenges in construction, agriculture, and environmental management. The emergence of smart geotextiles with embedded sensors for monitoring soil conditions and performance further highlights the potential of this segment in the future market landscape.

By Application

Road Construction:

Road construction is one of the primary applications driving the demand for geotextiles due to the need for effective soil stabilization and structural support in roadway development. Geotextiles are utilized in various stages of road construction, including sub-grade stabilization, aggregate separation, and erosion control. By providing a physical barrier, geotextiles can prevent soil mixing and maintain the integrity of the road structure, thereby extending the lifespan of roadways. The increasing investments in infrastructure development globally, particularly in emerging markets, are contributing to the robust growth of this sector within the geotextiles market.

Erosion Control:

Erosion control applications account for a significant share of the geotextiles market as they play a vital role in protecting landscapes and preventing soil loss. Geotextiles are employed in various erosion control strategies, including slope stabilization, riverbank protection, and coastal defense. They provide a protective layer that absorbs water and reduces the impact of rainfall on vulnerable soils, thereby mitigating erosion. The growing focus on environmental sustainability and the need to preserve natural habitats are driving the demand for geotextiles in erosion control applications, as they offer an effective solution for managing land degradation.

Drainage:

Drainage applications are crucial for managing water flow, preventing flooding, and maintaining soil stability. Geotextiles are widely used in drainage systems to filter out sediment while allowing water to flow freely through the soil. This functionality is essential in various settings, including highways, sports fields, and agricultural lands. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events and flooding is spurring investment in effective drainage solutions, further driving the demand for geotextiles designed for this purpose. Their ability to improve drainage efficiency while reducing maintenance costs makes them an attractive option for civil engineers and project developers alike.

Soil Reinforcement:

Soil reinforcement applications utilize geotextiles to enhance the load-bearing capacity of soil, making them a key component in construction projects that require additional support. When integrated into soil structures, geotextiles help distribute loads more evenly, reducing the risk of failure or settlement. This application is particularly relevant in the construction of embankments, retaining walls, and foundations, where soil stability is crucial. The ongoing expansion of urban areas and the need for robust infrastructure solutions are driving the adoption of geotextiles for soil reinforcement, contributing to the overall growth of the market.

Others:

This segment encompasses various niche applications of geotextiles that do not fall into the primary categories mentioned above. These applications may include the use of geotextiles in agriculture for crop protection, in landscaping for ornamental purposes, or in environmental projects for waste containment. As the versatility of geotextiles is recognized in diverse fields, their role in innovative applications continues to expand. The development of multifunctional geotextiles tailored for specific industry needs highlights the potential for growth in this segment, as practitioners seek cost-effective and efficient solutions for their unique challenges.

By Distribution Channel

Online Sales:

The online sales channel for geotextiles has gained significant traction in recent years, driven by the increasing preference for digital shopping and the convenience it offers to customers. E-commerce platforms provide a wide range of geotextile products, allowing customers to compare prices, read reviews, and make informed purchasing decisions from the comfort of their homes. This channel is particularly appealing to small-scale contractors and DIY enthusiasts who may not have access to specialized suppliers. The growth in online sales is further supported by the increasing number of manufacturers establishing robust online presence and distribution networks, ensuring that customers have easy access to high-quality geotextile products.

Direct Sales:

Direct sales are a traditional distribution channel that remains highly relevant in the geotextiles market, particularly for large-scale projects requiring customized solutions. Manufacturers often engage in direct sales to establish strong relationships with contractors, builders, and government agencies, providing tailored support and expertise. This channel allows for direct communication, ensuring that clients receive the most appropriate products for their specific needs. As projects become increasingly complex, the importance of direct sales is expected to continue, ensuring that geotextile products are deployed effectively to meet project requirements.

Distributor Sales:

Distributor sales play a crucial role in the geotextiles market by enabling manufacturers to reach a broader customer base through established distribution networks. Distributors act as intermediaries between manufacturers and end-users, providing valuable logistics support and local market expertise. This channel is particularly beneficial in regions where manufacturers may not have a direct presence, as distributors can offer tailored solutions that align with regional preferences and requirements. As the demand for geotextiles continues to grow, the role of distributor sales in expanding market reach and enhancing product availability is likely to be increasingly recognized by manufacturers.

Retail Sales:

Retail sales of geotextiles cater to individual consumers and small contractors who may require geotextile products for residential or small-scale projects. Retail outlets, including home improvement stores and specialty landscaping suppliers, provide a convenient option for consumers to purchase geotextiles as needed. This distribution channel is essential for driving awareness and understanding of geotextile products among general consumers, who may not be familiar with their applications and benefits. As consumer interest in gardening, landscaping, and DIY projects grows, retail sales of geotextiles are expected to see a corresponding increase, presenting opportunities for manufacturers to engage with a wider audience.

Others:

The 'Others' category in distribution channels refers to alternative sales methods that may not fall under the primary channels mentioned above. These can include direct partnerships with construction firms, government contracts, or sales through specialized industry events and trade shows. Such channels often target specific sectors or projects where geotextiles are essential, ensuring that the right products reach the right customers effectively. As the geotextiles market continues to evolve, exploring diverse distribution methods will be key to maximizing sales opportunities and enhancing market penetration.

By Material Type

Polypropylene:

Polypropylene is one of the most commonly used materials for manufacturing geotextiles, owing to its excellent durability and resistance to a wide range of chemicals and environmental conditions. Products made from polypropylene are lightweight yet strong, making them ideal for applications in soil stabilization, drainage, and erosion control. The increasing demand for polypropylene geotextiles can be attributed to their versatility and cost-effectiveness, as they provide reliable solutions for both large-scale infrastructure projects and smaller applications. Moreover, advancements in polypropylene production technologies are enhancing the performance characteristics of these geotextiles, further propelling their adoption in various sectors.

Polyester:

Polyester geotextiles are widely recognized for their high tensile strength and resistance to UV degradation, making them suitable for long-term applications exposed to harsh environmental conditions. They are commonly used in road construction, landfill projects, and erosion control measures, where strength and durability are paramount. The increasing awareness of the benefits of using polyester for geotextiles is driving growth in this segment, as these materials demonstrate superior performance in critical applications. The development of recycled polyester geotextiles further enhances their appeal, aligning with the growing trend of sustainability in construction and environmental management.

Polyethylene:

Polyethylene is another important material used in the geotextiles market, particularly for applications requiring water resistance and moisture management. Its lightweight nature and flexibility make polyethylene geotextiles ideal for drainage applications, as they facilitate efficient water flow while preventing soil erosion. The use of polyethylene in geotextiles is gaining popularity due to increased investments in stormwater management systems and environmental protection initiatives. As regulations concerning water management become more stringent, the demand for polyethylene geotextiles is expected to grow steadily in the coming years.

Polyamide:

Polyamide geotextiles, known for their high strength and abrasion resistance, are emerging as a preferred choice for applications requiring robust performance under heavy loads. These geotextiles are primarily used in soil reinforcement, geogrid applications, and other engineering solutions requiring durability. While currently occupying a smaller market share compared to other materials, the unique properties of polyamide geotextiles are driving their adoption in specialized projects, particularly in civil and geotechnical engineering. As engineers and contractors seek materials capable of withstanding challenging conditions, the demand for polyamide geotextiles is expected to experience growth.

Others:

The 'Others' category for material types includes various innovative materials and composites developed specifically for niche applications within the geotextiles market. These can encompass materials that integrate advanced technologies such as smart geotextiles with sensors for real-time monitoring or biocomposite geotextiles made from natural fibers. As the construction and environmental sectors evolve, there is an increasing push towards sustainable and multifunctional materials, which is driving research and development in this segment. The emergence of novel geotextile materials tailored to specific environmental conditions or project requirements highlights the potential for growth and innovation in the geotextiles market.

By Region

The North American geotextiles market is projected to be valued at approximately USD 4 billion by 2035, showcasing a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period. The robust growth in this region can be attributed to significant investments in infrastructure development, particularly in the United States and Canada. The ongoing efforts to enhance road networks, improve wastewater management systems, and establish effective erosion control measures are driving the demand for geotextiles. Furthermore, the growing awareness of environmental sustainability and the implementation of green building practices are encouraging the adoption of geotextiles in various applications across North America.

In Europe, the geotextiles market is expected to reach around USD 3.5 billion by 2035, fueled by the increasing focus on environmental regulations and sustainable construction practices. The demand for geotextiles in this region is primarily driven by applications in road construction, erosion control, and drainage systems. Countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are leading the market, with extensive infrastructure projects and a growing emphasis on eco-friendly solutions. The ongoing trend of urbanization and the need for effective stormwater management further enhance the growth prospects for geotextiles in the European market.

Opportunities

The geotextiles market presents numerous opportunities for growth and innovation, especially in emerging markets where infrastructure development is rapidly advancing. Governments in countries like India, Brazil, and several Asian nations have announced ambitious plans to enhance their transportation networks and urban infrastructure, which will significantly boost the demand for geotextiles. Additionally, the increasing focus on sustainable construction practices and environmentally friendly materials is creating opportunities for manufacturers to develop innovative geotextile solutions that align with these trends. Investing in research and development to create products with enhanced performance and functionalities, such as biodegradable geotextiles or those with integrated monitoring systems, could further capture market share and cater to the evolving needs of customers.

Moreover, the growing awareness of the benefits of geotextiles in erosion control and soil stabilization is opening new avenues for applications in agriculture and landscaping. As farmers and landscape architects seek effective solutions for combating soil erosion and improving land productivity, the adoption of geotextiles is likely to increase in these sectors. Furthermore, the rising trend of urban green spaces and eco-friendly landscaping practices is encouraging the use of geotextiles in parks, gardens, and green roofs. The potential for expansion into these complementary markets presents a lucrative opportunity for geotextile manufacturers to diversify their product offerings and establish a strong foothold in various industry segments.

Threats

While the geotextiles market is poised for growth, it faces several threats that could hinder its expansion. One of the primary challenges is the presence of low-cost substitutes and alternatives, such as traditional soil stabilization methods or non-geotextile solutions, which may be perceived as more cost-effective by some contractors and developers. This competition can undermine the market share of geotextile manufacturers, especially smaller players who may struggle to compete on price. Furthermore, fluctuating raw material prices may impact production costs and profit margins for geotextile manufacturers, leading to increased pricing pressure in the market as companies strive to remain competitive.

Another significant threat to the geotextiles market is the potential impact of economic downturns or fluctuations in government spending on infrastructure projects. Delays in project approvals or budget cuts can slow down the construction industry and reduce the demand for geotextile products. Additionally, the market may face regulatory challenges, particularly regarding environmental standards and compliance, which can lead to increased operational costs for manufacturers. As companies navigate these threats, it is crucial for them to adopt strategic approaches that emphasize product differentiation, quality, and compliance with industry standards to sustain their market position and foster growth.

Competitor Outlook

• TenCate Geosynthetics
• Geosynthetics Engineering
• Progressive Geosynthetics
• Mattex Geosynthetics
• Gse Environmental
• Huesker Synthetic GmbH
• TerraTex
• Propex Global
• Geotextiles Australia
• Fibertex Nonwovens
• SKZ - Testing Institute for Advanced Materials
• Soil Stabilization Products
• Woolpert
• ASTM International
• Carthage Mills

The geotextiles market is characterized by a competitive landscape featuring several established players and emerging companies striving for market share. Major manufacturers are focusing on innovation and product development to cater to the growing demand for high-performance geotextiles. Additionally, companies are increasingly adopting strategic partnerships and collaborations to enhance their product portfolios and expand their geographical reach. The competition is driven by factors such as product quality, technological advancements, pricing strategies, and customer service, which significantly influence purchasing decisions in the market.

Companies such as TenCate Geosynthetics and Gse Environmental are recognized as industry leaders, known for their extensive range of geotextile products and commitment to quality. TenCate Geosynthetics, with a strong presence in North America and Europe, continues to invest in R&D to develop innovative solutions that meet evolving market requirements. Gse Environmental, on the other hand, focuses on environmental applications, providing geotextile solutions that contribute to sustainable practices in waste management and erosion control. These companies leverage their technical expertise and strong supply chains to maintain a competitive edge in the rapidly evolving market.

Other notable players, such as Propex Global and Mattex Geosynthetics, are also making significant contributions to the market by offering a wide range of geotextile products tailored for diverse applications. Propex Global is known for its advanced non-woven geotextiles, while Mattex Geosynthetics specializes in engineered solutions for challenging environmental conditions. The continuous evolution in the geotextiles market encourages these companies to adapt and innovate, ensuring they remain competitive in a dynamic landscape where customer preferences and regulatory requirements are continually changing.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 TerraTex
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Woolpert
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Propex Global
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Carthage Mills
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Gse Environmental
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 ASTM International
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Fibertex Nonwovens
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Mattex Geosynthetics
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Geotextiles Australia
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 TenCate Geosynthetics
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Huesker Synthetic GmbH
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Geosynthetics Engineering
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Progressive Geosynthetics
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Soil Stabilization Products
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 SKZ - Testing Institute for Advanced Materials
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Geotextiles Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Road Construction
    • 6.1.2 Erosion Control
    • 6.1.3 Drainage
    • 6.1.4 Soil Reinforcement
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Geotextiles Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Non-Woven Geotextiles
    • 6.2.2 Woven Geotextiles
    • 6.2.3 Knitted Geotextiles
    • 6.2.4 Composite Geotextiles
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Geotextiles Market, By Material Type
    • 6.3.1 Polypropylene
    • 6.3.2 Polyester
    • 6.3.3 Polyethylene
    • 6.3.4 Polyamide
    • 6.3.5 Others
  • 6.4 Geotextiles Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Online Sales
    • 6.4.2 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.3 Distributor Sales
    • 6.4.4 Retail Sales
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Geotextiles Market by Region
  • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 India
      • 10.3.1.2 China
      • 10.3.1.3 Japan
      • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Geotextiles market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Non-Woven Geotextiles
• Woven Geotextiles
• Knitted Geotextiles
• Composite Geotextiles
• Others

By Application

• Road Construction
• Erosion Control
• Drainage
• Soil Reinforcement
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Online Sales
• Direct Sales
• Distributor Sales
• Retail Sales
• Others

By Material Type

• Polypropylene
• Polyester
• Polyethylene
• Polyamide
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• TenCate Geosynthetics
• Geosynthetics Engineering
• Progressive Geosynthetics
• Mattex Geosynthetics
• Gse Environmental
• Huesker Synthetic GmbH
• TerraTex
• Propex Global
• Geotextiles Australia
• Fibertex Nonwovens
• SKZ - Testing Institute for Advanced Materials
• Soil Stabilization Products
• Woolpert
• ASTM International
• Carthage Mills