Geosynthetics Sales
Geosynthetics Market Segments - by Product Type (Geotextiles, Geogrids, Geomembranes, Geonets, Geocomposites), Application (Road Construction, Erosion Control, Waste Management, Mining, Agriculture), Distribution Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor Sales), Material Type (Polypropylene, Polyester, Polyethylene, PVC, Others), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2035
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Geosynthetics Sales Market Outlook
The global Geosynthetics market is projected to reach approximately USD 16 billion by 2035, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 9% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth can be primarily attributed to the increasing demand for sustainable construction practices, coupled with the rising need for infrastructure development across various regions. The growing awareness regarding environmental conservation and the efficacy of geosynthetics in mitigating soil erosion and enhancing structural integrity further bolsters market expansion. Furthermore, advancements in manufacturing technologies and the introduction of innovative products are anticipated to create new avenues for growth. With an expanding application scope in sectors such as transportation, mining, and waste management, the geosynthetics market is poised for significant development in the coming years.
Growth Factor of the Market
The growth of the Geosynthetics market is driven by several key factors that highlight its increasing relevance across various industries. First, the escalating need for robust infrastructure, particularly in developing nations, is prompting significant investments in geosynthetic solutions that offer durability and cost-effectiveness. Second, the rising awareness of environmental sustainability is driving the adoption of geosynthetics, which are known to reduce environmental impacts, particularly in applications like erosion control and waste management. Additionally, governmental regulations aimed at fostering sustainable practices in construction and civil engineering are further propelling the market forward. The growing challenges associated with soil erosion, groundwater contamination, and landfill management are also stimulating demand for geosynthetic products. Lastly, the ongoing innovations in product design and manufacturing processes are making geosynthetics more accessible and effective, thereby enhancing their adoption across multiple applications.
Key Highlights of the Market
- Projected market size of approximately USD 16 billion by 2035.
- CAGR of around 9% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035.
- Strong demand driven by infrastructure projects in emerging economies.
- Growing emphasis on environmental sustainability and compliance with regulations.
- Innovations in geosynthetic solutions enhancing operational efficiencies.
By Product Type
Geotextiles:
Geotextiles, a prominent category within the geosynthetics market, are extensively used due to their versatility and functionality in various applications. These fabrics, which can be woven or non-woven, play a critical role in soil stabilization, drainage, and filtration. Their application in road construction is particularly noteworthy, as geotextiles enhance the life span of pavements by providing separation and reinforcement. Additionally, their usage in erosion control and landscaping projects is gaining traction, as they effectively retain soil while allowing water permeability. The ability of geotextiles to withstand harsh environmental conditions further solidifies their position in the market, and with advancements in material technology, their applications are continually expanding.
Geogrids:
Geogrids are another vital product segment in the geosynthetics market, characterized by their grid-like structure that enhances soil reinforcement and stability. These products are extensively utilized in the construction of retaining walls and roadways, as they provide high tensile strength and distribute loads effectively across a larger area. Geogrids significantly contribute to reducing deformation and improving the overall durability of infrastructure projects. The increasing investments in urban development and infrastructure, particularly in developing regions, are driving the demand for geogrids. Additionally, their application in transportation projects, such as highways and railways, is expanding, further bolstering their market presence.
Geomembranes:
Geomembranes are impermeable membranes used for containment and lining applications, making them crucial in waste management, mining, and environmental protection projects. Their primary function is to prevent the migration of fluids, which is vital in landfill sites and hazardous waste containment. The increasing focus on sustainable waste management practices is propelling the demand for geomembranes, as they offer a reliable solution for preventing soil and groundwater contamination. Moreover, advancements in material composition, such as polyethylene and PVC geomembranes, have improved their durability and flexibility, further enhancing their attractiveness in various applications. The geomembrane market is expected to witness substantial growth, driven by regulatory mandates aimed at environmental protection.
Geonets:
Geonets are specialized geosynthetic products designed for drainage applications, particularly in areas where water management is critical. These porous structures facilitate efficient fluid flow, making them ideal for use in landfills, retaining walls, and subsurface drainage systems. As urbanization continues to rise, the need for effective water management solutions becomes paramount, thereby increasing the demand for geonets. Additionally, their application in environmental projects, such as stormwater management and erosion control, underscores their importance in the geosynthetics market. The integration of geonets in geosynthetic composite solutions further enhances their effectiveness in addressing drainage challenges.
Geocomposites:
Geocomposites represent a sophisticated blend of two or more geosynthetic products, combining their functionalities to achieve enhanced performance. These products are designed to provide multi-faceted solutions that address complex engineering challenges, particularly in civil engineering and environmental applications. The versatility of geocomposites allows for their use in a wide range of applications, including landfill liners, drainage systems, and erosion control. Their growing adoption is driven by the need for innovative solutions that can efficiently meet the demands of modern construction and environmental management. As the market continues to evolve, geocomposites are expected to play a pivotal role in advancing geosynthetic technology and applications.
By Application
Road Construction:
The application of geosynthetics in road construction has gained significant traction due to their ability to enhance the performance and longevity of roadways. By providing reinforcement and separation layers, geosynthetics help mitigate issues such as soil settlement and pavement cracking. The increasing investments in infrastructure development, particularly in emerging economies, are driving the demand for innovative geosynthetic solutions in road construction. Additionally, their ability to reduce construction time and costs while improving road quality makes them a preferred choice among engineers and contractors. As more road construction projects embrace sustainable practices, the role of geosynthetics is likely to expand, further contributing to their market growth.
Erosion Control:
Erosion control is a critical application of geosynthetics, particularly in protecting landscapes and infrastructure from the adverse effects of soil loss. Geotextiles and erosion control blankets are extensively used to stabilize soil and promote vegetation growth, effectively mitigating erosion in slopes, riverbanks, and coastal areas. The growing awareness of environmental conservation and the need for sustainable land management practices are propelling the demand for geosynthetic solutions in erosion control. Moreover, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events necessitates effective erosion control strategies, further fueling market growth in this segment. The versatility and effectiveness of geosynthetics in various erosion control applications position them as indispensable tools in environmental management.
Waste Management:
In the waste management sector, geosynthetics play a crucial role in the design and operation of landfills and waste containment facilities. The use of geomembranes for lining landfill cells is essential in preventing leachate and contaminants from migrating into the surrounding environment. With stricter regulations regarding waste disposal and environmental protection, the demand for geosynthetic products in this application is on the rise. Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on recycling and the management of hazardous waste is further driving the need for effective geosynthetic solutions. The integration of geosynthetics in waste management practices enhances operational efficiency and supports sustainability objectives, thereby contributing to their market expansion.
Mining:
Geosynthetics are increasingly being utilized in the mining sector, particularly for applications related to waste management and containment. The use of geomembranes in tailings storage facilities is vital for preventing the leakage of hazardous materials into the surrounding environment. As mining activities continue to expand globally, the need for effective environmental management practices becomes paramount. Geosynthetics provide reliable solutions for controlling water flow and reducing the environmental impact of mining operations. The growing focus on sustainable mining practices and compliance with environmental regulations is expected to drive the demand for geosynthetic products in this sector, fostering market growth.
Agriculture:
The agriculture sector is also witnessing an increasing application of geosynthetics, particularly in soil stabilization and irrigation management. Geotextiles are commonly used to improve soil quality, prevent erosion, and enhance crop yield by facilitating effective water drainage and retention. The rising global population and the subsequent demand for food production are driving the need for innovative agricultural practices, including the use of geosynthetics. Moreover, as concerns related to water scarcity and soil degradation grow, farmers are turning to geosynthetic solutions to optimize resource utilization and improve agricultural sustainability. The versatility of geosynthetics in addressing various agricultural challenges positions them as valuable assets in the sector.
By Distribution Channel
Direct Sales:
Direct sales channels are a significant aspect of the geosynthetics market, enabling manufacturers to engage directly with end-users and provide tailored solutions. This approach facilitates better communication regarding product specifications and applications, ensuring that customers receive the most suitable geosynthetic solutions for their projects. Direct sales also allow manufacturers to build strong relationships with clients, enhancing customer loyalty and satisfaction. As the demand for customized geosynthetic products increases, the direct sales channel is expected to gain further traction. Additionally, advancements in e-commerce platforms are enabling manufacturers to reach a broader customer base, contributing to the growth of direct sales in the geosynthetics market.
Distributor Sales:
Distributor sales play a pivotal role in the geosynthetics market by providing a vital link between manufacturers and end-users. Distributors often have established networks and local market insights that enable them to effectively promote and sell geosynthetic products. This channel is particularly beneficial for manufacturers seeking to expand their market presence across different regions. By utilizing distributors, manufacturers can leverage their expertise in logistics, inventory management, and customer service. The increasing complexity of construction projects and the need for timely delivery of geosynthetic products are driving the demand for distributor sales, ensuring that end-users can access the right products when needed. As the market continues to grow, distributor sales are likely to remain a crucial component of the geosynthetics supply chain.
By Material Type
Polypropylene:
Polypropylene is one of the most widely used materials in the geosynthetics market, primarily due to its excellent durability and chemical resistance. The versatility of polypropylene allows it to be manufactured into various geosynthetic products, including geotextiles, geogrids, and geomembranes. Its lightweight nature and ease of installation make it an attractive option for applications in road construction, erosion control, and waste management. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of polypropylene products further enhances their appeal in the market. As sustainability becomes a priority, the development of recyclable polypropylene geosynthetics is expected to drive innovation and adoption in various applications.
Polyester:
Polyester is another prominent material used in the production of geosynthetics, particularly due to its high tensile strength and resistance to UV degradation. These properties make polyester-based geotextiles and geogrids ideal for applications that require enhanced durability and long-term performance. The increasing demand for high-performance geosynthetics in construction and civil engineering projects is driving the adoption of polyester materials. Furthermore, the ability to use recycled polyester in manufacturing geosynthetic products aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainability and environmental responsibility. As a result, polyester geosynthetics are expected to witness significant growth in various applications across the market.
Polyethylene:
Polyethylene is extensively utilized in the production of geomembranes, particularly for waste containment and environmental protection applications. The impermeable nature of polyethylene makes it an ideal material for preventing leachate and contaminants from migrating into the surrounding environment. The increasing focus on waste management and compliance with environmental regulations is driving the demand for polyethylene geomembranes. Additionally, advancements in polyethylene technology, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), are enhancing the durability and performance of geomembranes. As the need for effective waste containment solutions continues to grow, polyethylene-based geosynthetics are expected to play a vital role in the market.
PVC:
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a key material used in the production of geomembranes and geosynthetic liners, known for its excellent chemical resistance and flexibility. PVC geomembranes are widely used in applications such as landfill liners and water containment due to their ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions. The growing emphasis on environmental protection and regulatory compliance is fueling the demand for PVC-based geosynthetics. Moreover, the advancements in PVC technology have led to the development of lighter and more durable products, enhancing their application in various projects. As the market continues to expand, PVC geosynthetics are expected to maintain a strong presence in diverse applications.
Others:
The "Others" category encompasses various alternative materials used in geosynthetics, such as natural fibers and composite materials. These materials are gaining traction due to the increasing focus on sustainability and the development of eco-friendly geosynthetic solutions. Natural fiber geotextiles, for instance, offer biodegradable options for erosion control and soil stabilization applications. Additionally, composite materials that combine different geosynthetic functionalities are being developed to address complex engineering challenges. As the market evolves, the integration of innovative and sustainable materials in geosynthetics is likely to drive further advancements and diversification in the product offerings.
By Region
The Geosynthetics market is witnessing significant growth across various regions, driven by increasing infrastructure investments and a growing emphasis on sustainability. North America holds a substantial market share, with a valuation of approximately USD 5 billion in 2023, and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of around 8% during the forecast period. The region's robust construction industry, coupled with stringent environmental regulations, is fostering the demand for geosynthetic products in applications such as road construction and waste management. Moreover, the rising focus on reducing soil erosion and enhancing waterproofing solutions in civil engineering projects further contributes to market expansion in North America.
Europe is also experiencing notable growth in the geosynthetics market, characterized by an increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability and infrastructure development. The European market is projected to reach around USD 4 billion by 2035, driven by advancements in geosynthetic technology and growing regulatory mandates for waste management. The rapid urbanization and infrastructure projects in countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are expected to bolster the demand for geosynthetics. Additionally, the Asia Pacific region, valued at approximately USD 3 billion in 2023, is anticipated to witness the highest CAGR of around 10% during the forecast period, fueled by booming construction activities and a growing focus on infrastructure development in countries like China and India.
Opportunities
The Geosynthetics market is poised for numerous opportunities, largely stemming from the increasing emphasis on sustainable construction practices and environmental protection. As infrastructure development accelerates globally, there is a rising demand for innovative geosynthetic solutions that can enhance the durability and longevity of constructions while minimizing environmental impacts. The integration of geosynthetics in green building practices offers a unique opportunity for manufacturers to develop products that align with eco-friendly initiatives. Furthermore, the growth of renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar farms, presents significant opportunities for geosynthetic applications in site preparation and environmental management, allowing companies to diversify their portfolios and extend their market reach.
Additionally, the increasing awareness regarding climate change and its effects has led to urgent calls for effective erosion control and water management strategies. Geosynthetic products, particularly in applications related to flood control and stormwater management, can address these challenges and provide cost-effective solutions. As communities worldwide seek to develop resilient infrastructure, the demand for geosynthetics in these applications is expected to surge. Furthermore, technological advancements in materials and manufacturing processes are likely to enhance product performance, opening new avenues for market growth. By investing in research and development, companies can capitalize on these opportunities and strengthen their competitive positioning in the geosynthetics market.
Threats
Despite the promising growth prospects, the Geosynthetics market faces several threats that could hinder its progress. One major concern is the fluctuating prices of raw materials, which can impact the overall production costs and profitability of geosynthetic manufacturers. Any significant changes in the prices of polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, may lead to increased costs for producers, ultimately affecting product pricing and market competitiveness. Additionally, the market is vulnerable to economic downturns that can result in reduced construction activities and infrastructure investments, particularly in developing regions where public spending may be constrained.
Another potential threat stems from the increasing competition in the geosynthetics market, with numerous players vying for market share. The presence of low-cost alternatives and substitutes, along with the emergence of new entrants offering innovative products, can create pricing pressures and reduce profit margins for established companies. Furthermore, any lack of awareness or understanding of geosynthetic applications among end-users may impede market growth, as potential customers may remain reluctant to adopt these solutions without clear value propositions. Consequently, manufacturers must invest in education and marketing efforts to highlight the advantages of geosynthetics and address any misconceptions surrounding their use.
Competitor Outlook
- Tensar International Corporation
- GSE Environmental
- Geosynthetics, Inc.
- Propex Global
- AWI (Advanced Wastewater Innovations)
- Solmax
- Low & Bonar
- Atarfil
- BASF SE
- NAUE GmbH & Co. KG
- TenCate Geosynthetics
- Huesker Synthetic GmbH
- TechFab India Industries Ltd.
- SKAPS Industries
- Geofabrics Australasia Pty Ltd.
The competitive landscape of the Geosynthetics market is characterized by a diverse array of companies, ranging from established industry leaders to emerging players offering innovative solutions. Major companies such as Tensar International Corporation and GSE Environmental dominate the market, leveraging their extensive product portfolios and strong brand recognition to maintain competitive advantages. With significant investments in research and development, these companies continuously strive to enhance product performance and explore new applications for geosynthetics. Furthermore, their focus on sustainability and environmental compliance aligns with global trends, enabling them to capture growing demand in various sectors.
Additionally, companies like Propex Global and Low & Bonar are notable players in the geosynthetics market, known for their innovative product offerings and commitment to sustainability. Propex Global specializes in geotextiles and erosion control solutions, while Low & Bonar focuses on providing high-performance geosynthetic materials for construction and environmental applications. These companies actively invest in technology advancements and strategic partnerships to enhance their market position and expand their global footprint. As the demand for geosynthetics continues to rise, these industry leaders are well-positioned to capitalize on emerging opportunities in the market.
Moreover, companies such as BASF SE and TenCate Geosynthetics are recognized for their strong manufacturing capabilities and extensive distribution networks. BASF SE, a global chemical giant, integrates geosynthetics into its broad range of construction materials, while TenCate Geosynthetics emphasizes sustainability and innovation in its product development. Both companies are committed to addressing the evolving needs of the market and delivering high-quality geosynthetic solutions that meet stringent performance standards. As competition intensifies, these companies are likely to continue focusing on strategic partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions to strengthen their market presence and drive growth in the geosynthetics sector.
1 Appendix
- 1.1 List of Tables
- 1.2 List of Figures
2 Introduction
- 2.1 Market Definition
- 2.2 Scope of the Report
- 2.3 Study Assumptions
- 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods
3 Market Dynamics
- 3.1 Market Growth Factors
- 3.2 Economic & Global Events
- 3.3 Innovation Trends
- 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
4 Consumer Behavior
- 4.1 Market Trends
- 4.2 Pricing Analysis
- 4.3 Buyer Insights
5 Key Player Profiles
- 5.1 Solmax
- 5.1.1 Business Overview
- 5.1.2 Products & Services
- 5.1.3 Financials
- 5.1.4 Recent Developments
- 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.2 Atarfil
- 5.2.1 Business Overview
- 5.2.2 Products & Services
- 5.2.3 Financials
- 5.2.4 Recent Developments
- 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.3 BASF SE
- 5.3.1 Business Overview
- 5.3.2 Products & Services
- 5.3.3 Financials
- 5.3.4 Recent Developments
- 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.4 Low & Bonar
- 5.4.1 Business Overview
- 5.4.2 Products & Services
- 5.4.3 Financials
- 5.4.4 Recent Developments
- 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.5 Propex Global
- 5.5.1 Business Overview
- 5.5.2 Products & Services
- 5.5.3 Financials
- 5.5.4 Recent Developments
- 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.6 SKAPS Industries
- 5.6.1 Business Overview
- 5.6.2 Products & Services
- 5.6.3 Financials
- 5.6.4 Recent Developments
- 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.7 GSE Environmental
- 5.7.1 Business Overview
- 5.7.2 Products & Services
- 5.7.3 Financials
- 5.7.4 Recent Developments
- 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.8 NAUE GmbH & Co. KG
- 5.8.1 Business Overview
- 5.8.2 Products & Services
- 5.8.3 Financials
- 5.8.4 Recent Developments
- 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.9 Geosynthetics, Inc.
- 5.9.1 Business Overview
- 5.9.2 Products & Services
- 5.9.3 Financials
- 5.9.4 Recent Developments
- 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.10 TenCate Geosynthetics
- 5.10.1 Business Overview
- 5.10.2 Products & Services
- 5.10.3 Financials
- 5.10.4 Recent Developments
- 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.11 Huesker Synthetic GmbH
- 5.11.1 Business Overview
- 5.11.2 Products & Services
- 5.11.3 Financials
- 5.11.4 Recent Developments
- 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.12 TechFab India Industries Ltd.
- 5.12.1 Business Overview
- 5.12.2 Products & Services
- 5.12.3 Financials
- 5.12.4 Recent Developments
- 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.13 Geofabrics Australasia Pty Ltd.
- 5.13.1 Business Overview
- 5.13.2 Products & Services
- 5.13.3 Financials
- 5.13.4 Recent Developments
- 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.14 Tensar International Corporation
- 5.14.1 Business Overview
- 5.14.2 Products & Services
- 5.14.3 Financials
- 5.14.4 Recent Developments
- 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.15 AWI (Advanced Wastewater Innovations)
- 5.15.1 Business Overview
- 5.15.2 Products & Services
- 5.15.3 Financials
- 5.15.4 Recent Developments
- 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis
- 5.1 Solmax
6 Market Segmentation
- 6.1 Geosynthetics Sales Market, By Application
- 6.1.1 Road Construction
- 6.1.2 Erosion Control
- 6.1.3 Waste Management
- 6.1.4 Mining
- 6.1.5 Agriculture
- 6.2 Geosynthetics Sales Market, By Product Type
- 6.2.1 Geotextiles
- 6.2.2 Geogrids
- 6.2.3 Geomembranes
- 6.2.4 Geonets
- 6.2.5 Geocomposites
- 6.3 Geosynthetics Sales Market, By Material Type
- 6.3.1 Polypropylene
- 6.3.2 Polyester
- 6.3.3 Polyethylene
- 6.3.4 PVC
- 6.3.5 Others
- 6.4 Geosynthetics Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
- 6.4.1 Direct Sales
- 6.4.2 Distributor Sales
- 6.1 Geosynthetics Sales Market, By Application
7 Competitive Analysis
- 7.1 Key Player Comparison
- 7.2 Market Share Analysis
- 7.3 Investment Trends
- 7.4 SWOT Analysis
8 Research Methodology
- 8.1 Analysis Design
- 8.2 Research Phases
- 8.3 Study Timeline
9 Future Market Outlook
- 9.1 Growth Forecast
- 9.2 Market Evolution
10 Geographical Overview
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.1.1.1 UK
- 10.1.1.2 France
- 10.1.1.3 Germany
- 10.1.1.4 Spain
- 10.1.1.5 Italy
- 10.1.1 By Country
- 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.2.1.1 India
- 10.2.1.2 China
- 10.2.1.3 Japan
- 10.2.1.4 South Korea
- 10.2.1 By Country
- 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
- 10.3.1 By Country
- 10.3.1.1 Brazil
- 10.3.1.2 Argentina
- 10.3.1.3 Mexico
- 10.3.1 By Country
- 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.4.1.1 USA
- 10.4.1.2 Canada
- 10.4.1 By Country
- 10.5 Geosynthetics Sales Market by Region
- 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.6.1.1 Middle East
- 10.6.1.2 Africa
- 10.6.1 By Country
- 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
11 Global Economic Factors
- 11.1 Inflation Impact
- 11.2 Trade Policies
12 Technology & Innovation
- 12.1 Emerging Technologies
- 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
- 12.3 Patent Research
13 Investment & Market Growth
- 13.1 Funding Trends
- 13.2 Future Market Projections
14 Market Overview & Key Insights
- 14.1 Executive Summary
- 14.2 Key Trends
- 14.3 Market Challenges
- 14.4 Regulatory Landscape
Segments Analyzed in the Report
The global Geosynthetics Sales market is categorized based on
By Product Type
- Geotextiles
- Geogrids
- Geomembranes
- Geonets
- Geocomposites
By Application
- Road Construction
- Erosion Control
- Waste Management
- Mining
- Agriculture
By Distribution Channel
- Direct Sales
- Distributor Sales
By Material Type
- Polypropylene
- Polyester
- Polyethylene
- PVC
- Others
By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
Key Players
- Tensar International Corporation
- GSE Environmental
- Geosynthetics, Inc.
- Propex Global
- AWI (Advanced Wastewater Innovations)
- Solmax
- Low & Bonar
- Atarfil
- BASF SE
- NAUE GmbH & Co. KG
- TenCate Geosynthetics
- Huesker Synthetic GmbH
- TechFab India Industries Ltd.
- SKAPS Industries
- Geofabrics Australasia Pty Ltd.
- Publish Date : Jan 20 ,2025
- Report ID : CH-19870
- No. Of Pages : 100
- Format : |
- Ratings : 4.5 (110 Reviews)