Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires

Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires Market Outlook

The global damp proof LED linear luminaires market is projected to reach approximately USD 1.5 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is stimulated by the increasing demand for energy-efficient lighting solutions across various sectors, including commercial, industrial, and residential applications. The rising emphasis on sustainability and reducing carbon footprints has led to a shift from traditional lighting systems to advanced LED solutions. Additionally, the ongoing technological advancements in LED technology, which improve the efficiency and lifespan of luminaires, are further propelling the market growth. Moreover, the growing trend of smart lighting systems that integrate with IoT and other technologies is expected to create new opportunities for damp proof LED linear luminaires.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the damp proof LED linear luminaires market can be attributed to several key factors. Firstly, the increasing awareness and regulations concerning energy efficiency and sustainability are compelling industries and consumers to adopt LED technologies that consume less power while providing superior illumination. Secondly, the resilience of LED products against harsh environmental conditions such as humidity, dust, and temperature fluctuations makes them ideal for use in industrial and commercial settings. Additionally, the expansion of the construction industry, particularly in developing economies, is contributing to the rising demand for effective and reliable lighting solutions. Furthermore, advancements in manufacturing technologies have significantly reduced the costs associated with LED luminaires, making them more accessible to a broader audience. The shift towards automation and smart building technologies is also a pivotal factor driving market growth as these systems increasingly incorporate high-quality lighting solutions.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The market is projected to reach USD 1.5 billion by 2035.
• Expected CAGR of 6.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable lighting solutions.
• Growing construction activities in developing regions driving market expansion.
• Technological advancements reducing manufacturing costs of LED products.

By Product Type

Surface Mounted:

Surface mounted damp proof LED linear luminaires are gaining popularity due to their ease of installation and versatility in various settings. These fixtures are ideal for spaces where ceiling heights may not allow for recessed installations. Their design allows for seamless integration into different environments, enhancing the aesthetic appeal while providing effective lighting. Furthermore, surface-mounted options are particularly favored in commercial and industrial applications where robust lighting is required in areas prone to moisture, dust, or other contaminants. The ability to provide targeted illumination while being resistant to environmental factors makes surface-mounted luminaires a preferred choice in warehouses and production facilities.

Recessed:

Recessed damp proof LED linear luminaires are designed to fit flush with the ceiling, providing a clean and unobtrusive lighting solution. This type of luminaire is particularly popular in modern architectural designs where aesthetics are paramount. The recessed design not only saves space but also allows for a more uniform distribution of light, which is essential in environments that require consistent brightness. Additionally, these luminaires are well-suited for areas such as retail and hospitality, where ambiance plays a critical role in customer experience. The demand for recessed luminaires is expected to grow as more buildings adopt contemporary designs focused on minimalism and functionality.

Suspended:

Suspended damp proof LED linear luminaires are characterized by their hanging installation, which can create dramatic lighting effects while ensuring ample illumination in larger spaces. These luminaires are particularly effective in industrial settings with high ceilings, enabling light to reach the ground level effectively. Their ability to be adjusted in height makes them adaptable to various applications, including offices and open spaces where flexibility in lighting is needed. The trend towards open and collaborative workspaces has propelled the demand for suspended lighting solutions, as they enhance the overall aesthetic while providing functional lighting in areas where traditional fixtures may fall short.

Wall Mounted:

Wall mounted damp proof LED linear luminaires are an excellent choice for areas where ceiling space is limited or where specific lighting effects are desired. These fixtures can be installed in hallways, corridors, and outdoor settings, providing safety and visibility while also contributing to the overall design of the space. Their ability to withstand moisture and adverse weather conditions makes them particularly suitable for outdoor applications, such as parking lots and building exteriors. As urban areas continue to expand and the need for adequate outdoor lighting increases, the demand for wall-mounted luminaires is anticipated to rise significantly.

Cove Lighting:

Cove lighting involves the placement of damp proof LED linear luminaires in architectural recesses, providing indirect ambient lighting that enhances the overall atmosphere of a space. This type of lighting is especially popular in residential and commercial interiors, contributing to a warm and inviting ambiance. Cove lighting can be used to highlight architectural features and create visual interest without overwhelming the space with direct brightness. As designers increasingly focus on creating layered lighting schemes, the demand for cove lighting solutions is expected to grow, particularly in luxury residential and high-end commercial projects.

By Application

Commercial:

The commercial application of damp proof LED linear luminaires is vast, encompassing spaces such as offices, retail stores, and hospitality environments. These luminaires are designed to provide uniform and efficient lighting, enhancing visibility and creating inviting atmospheres for customers and employees. The shift towards energy-efficient lighting solutions in commercial spaces has accelerated the adoption of LED technology, as businesses look to reduce energy costs and meet sustainability targets. Furthermore, the versatility of LED fixtures allows for their integration into various design themes, making them a preferred choice in modern commercial architecture.

Industrial:

In industrial settings, the demand for damp proof LED linear luminaires is driven by the need for robust and reliable lighting solutions that can operate in harsh conditions. These luminaires are engineered to withstand exposure to moisture, dust, and chemicals, making them ideal for warehouses, manufacturing plants, and assembly lines. Proper illumination is crucial in preventing accidents and enhancing productivity, which is why many industries are transitioning to LED technology for its efficiency and long lifespan. As the industrial sector continues to evolve with automation and smart technologies, the need for advanced lighting systems that integrate seamlessly into these environments is expected to grow significantly.

Residential:

The residential application of damp proof LED linear luminaires is increasingly popular as homeowners prioritize energy savings and aesthetic appeal in their lighting choices. These luminaires can be utilized in kitchens, bathrooms, basements, and outdoor spaces where moisture is a concern, ensuring safety without compromising on style. The versatility of LED luminaires allows homeowners to create ambient, task, or accent lighting, enhancing both the functionality and design of their spaces. As the trend towards home renovation and energy-efficient upgrades continues, the demand for residential LED lighting solutions is set to rise rapidly.

Outdoor:

Outdoor applications of damp proof LED linear luminaires are essential for ensuring safety and visibility in public and private spaces. These luminaires are engineered to withstand various weather conditions, providing reliable illumination for pathways, parking lots, and building exteriors. With the increasing focus on urban safety and accessibility, municipalities and property owners are investing in high-quality outdoor lighting solutions that enhance security and the overall experience of outdoor environments. The adaptability of LED technology enables the design of aesthetically pleasing solutions that blend seamlessly with landscaping and architectural features.

Architectural:

Architectural applications of damp proof LED linear luminaires focus on enhancing the visual appeal of buildings and structures while providing effective illumination. These luminaires can be integrated into the design of facades, highlight specific architectural elements, and create dynamic lighting effects for enhanced aesthetics. As contemporary architecture increasingly emphasizes the importance of lighting as a design feature, the demand for innovative LED solutions in architectural applications is expected to grow significantly. The ability to customize colors, intensities, and lighting patterns using LED technology presents numerous opportunities for architects and designers to create impactful environments.

By Distribution Channel

Online Stores:

The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way consumers purchase damp proof LED linear luminaires. Online stores provide a convenient platform for customers to browse a wide range of products, compare prices, and read reviews, making it easier to find suitable lighting solutions for their needs. The ability to access a broader selection of products and the convenience of home delivery are key factors driving the growth of online sales in this market. Additionally, digital marketing strategies employed by manufacturers and retailers allow for targeted promotions that effectively engage potential customers, further solidifying the online channel's significance in the market.

Electrical Wholesalers:

Electrical wholesalers play a crucial role in the distribution of damp proof LED linear luminaires, serving as intermediaries between manufacturers and contractors or electricians. These wholesalers offer a wide range of lighting products and have established relationships with various suppliers, making them a valuable resource for professionals in the industry. The expertise offered by electrical wholesalers allows customers to make informed decisions regarding lighting solutions, ensuring they select products that meet their specific needs. As construction and renovation projects increase, the demand for electrical wholesalers as a distribution channel is expected to grow alongside the overall market.

Direct Sales:

Direct sales of damp proof LED linear luminaires involve manufacturers selling their products directly to consumers or businesses, bypassing traditional retail channels. This approach allows manufacturers to establish stronger relationships with their customers and better understand their needs and preferences. Direct sales can also lead to cost savings for consumers, as they may benefit from reduced prices without the markup typically associated with retail. As manufacturers continue to explore innovative sales strategies, the direct sales channel is likely to gain traction in the damp proof LED linear luminaires market.

Lighting Stores:

Lighting stores remain a significant distribution channel for damp proof LED linear luminaires, offering customers the opportunity to see products firsthand and receive expert advice from knowledgeable staff. These stores often feature a curated selection of lighting solutions, allowing customers to explore various styles and designs in person. The personalized service and guidance provided by lighting store staff can greatly assist customers in making informed choices, particularly for those undertaking renovation projects or looking for specific aesthetic qualities. As consumers increasingly value the shopping experience, lighting stores will continue to play an essential role in the market.

Distributors:

Distributors act as key players in the supply chain for damp proof LED linear luminaires, linking manufacturers with various retail and commercial outlets. By managing the logistics of product distribution, these companies help ensure that lighting products reach a wide audience across different channels. Distributors often have established networks within the industry, allowing them to effectively promote and sell products to various customers, including contractors, electricians, and large-scale buyers. The ongoing demand for effective lighting solutions in multiple sectors will support the growth of distributor channels in the damp proof LED linear luminaires market.

By Light Source

LED:

LEDs are the most favored light source for damp proof linear luminaires due to their energy efficiency, longevity, and reduced heat output. This technology consumes significantly less power than traditional incandescent or fluorescent options, resulting in lower energy bills and a decreased environmental impact. The durability of LED fixtures, which can last up to 50,000 hours or more, makes them particularly appealing for applications in commercial and industrial settings where maintenance and replacement costs can be substantial. Moreover, advancements in LED technology have enabled the development of high-quality light outputs that improve visibility and safety in various environments, further solidifying LED's dominance in the market.

Fluorescent:

Fluorescent light sources have historically been a popular choice for damp proof linear luminaires, especially in industrial and commercial applications. Although they are less energy-efficient than LEDs, fluorescents are still valued for their affordability and availability. Fluorescent luminaires provide a bright, even light that is suitable for large spaces, making them effective for warehouses and manufacturing facilities. However, the market for fluorescent lighting is witnessing a shift as consumers increasingly transition to LED options that offer superior performance and lower operational costs. While fluorescent lighting will continue to have a presence, its share in the damp proof luminaires market may steadily decline as LED technology becomes more widespread.

Incandescent:

Although incandescent light sources are becoming less common in damp proof LED linear luminaires, they are still utilized in specific applications that require warm lighting and a familiar aesthetic. Incandescent bulbs provide a soft, warm glow that can enhance the ambiance of residential spaces. However, their inefficiency and shorter lifespan in comparison to LED alternatives limit their usage in commercial and industrial settings where energy savings and longevity are paramount. The trend towards energy-efficient lighting solutions continues to push incandescent options to the periphery of the market, as consumers and businesses seek more sustainable alternatives.

High Intensity Discharge:

High intensity discharge (HID) lamps are sometimes used in damp proof linear luminaires, particularly in outdoor and industrial applications where powerful illumination is required. HID lamps emit a strong light output and are popular for parking lots, street lighting, and large indoor spaces. However, they tend to have longer warm-up times and provide less energy efficiency compared to LED options. As the focus on energy savings and sustainability continues to rise, the market share of HID lamps in damp proof luminaires is likely to decrease, with many sectors transitioning towards LED technologies that provide similar outputs with better efficiency.

Halogen:

Halogen lamps represent a traditional light source used in damp proof linear luminaires, providing bright and crisp lighting. They can be effective in applications where high-quality color rendering is important, such as in retail and display lighting. However, halogen lamps are less efficient than LED lights and tend to generate more heat, which can be a concern in environments where temperature control is essential. As the market increasingly shifts towards more sustainable and energy-efficient options, the use of halogen lamps is expected to decline in favor of LED solutions, which provide comparable lighting quality with significantly lower energy consumption.

By Region

The regional analysis of the damp proof LED linear luminaires market reveals significant variances in demand across different geographical locations. North America is expected to hold a substantial share of the market, driven by stringent energy efficiency regulations, a strong focus on sustainability, and the rapid adoption of LED technology in various applications. The region is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 7% during the forecast period due to the rising demand for energy-efficient solutions in both the commercial and residential sectors. Furthermore, the increasing trend of smart buildings and the integration of advanced lighting solutions further bolster the market's growth prospects in North America.

Europe is also anticipated to witness robust growth in the damp proof LED linear luminaires market, primarily owing to similar energy efficiency mandates and a growing emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The European market is projected to grow at a CAGR of about 6% between 2025 and 2035. The region is characterized by innovative designs and the adoption of cutting-edge lighting technologies, which are driving the demand for high-quality luminaires. Additionally, the increasing focus on urbanization and the development of infrastructure in Eastern European countries are expected to create new opportunities for market expansion. Overall, the combined growth in North America and Europe reflects a strong commitment to adopting energy-efficient lighting solutions across various sectors.

Opportunities

The damp proof LED linear luminaires market is poised for significant growth opportunities, particularly in developing regions where urbanization and infrastructure development are accelerating at an unprecedented pace. As countries continue to invest in commercial and industrial facilities, there is a growing need for efficient and reliable lighting solutions that can withstand challenging environments. Manufacturers that can innovate and deliver cost-effective damp proof lighting solutions will find a favorable landscape. This transition is not only driven by economic growth but also by the increasing awareness regarding energy efficiency and sustainability, compelling both public and private sectors to adopt advanced lighting technologies that contribute to reduced operational costs and enhanced productivity.

Furthermore, the integration of smart lighting technologies presents another substantial opportunity for the damp proof LED linear luminaires market. The rise of IoT and smart building solutions allows for the development of intelligent lighting systems that can be customized, controlled remotely, and monitored for energy consumption. Consumers and businesses are increasingly seeking solutions that enhance user experience and optimize energy usage, making smart damp proof LED luminaires a desirable choice. By leveraging these technological advancements, manufacturers can position themselves as leaders in the industry and meet the evolving demands of consumers looking for innovative, energy-efficient lighting solutions that align with modern lifestyle preferences.

Threats

Despite the promising growth outlook for the damp proof LED linear luminaires market, several threats could potentially hinder its expansion. One of the most significant challenges is the intense competition among manufacturers, leading to price wars and reduced profit margins. As more companies enter the market, particularly in developing regions, the proliferation of low-cost alternatives may compromise product quality and innovation. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancements necessitates continuous investment in research and development to stay competitive, which can strain the resources of smaller manufacturers who may struggle to keep up with industry trends.

Moreover, the market faces potential regulatory challenges, as governments worldwide implement new standards and guidelines regarding product safety and energy efficiency. Compliance with these regulations can be costly and time-consuming, particularly for manufacturers operating in multiple jurisdictions. Failure to meet regulatory requirements can result in product recalls, fines, or reputational damage, further complicating market dynamics. As the industry evolves, companies must remain agile and adaptable to navigate these threats while continuing to focus on delivering quality products that meet the needs of consumers.

Competitor Outlook

• Philips Lighting (Signify)
• Osram Licht AG
• GE Lighting
• Cree, Inc.
• Acuity Brands, Inc.
• Zumtobel Group AG
• Syska LED Lights
• Havells India Limited
• Legrand
• RAB Lighting
• Dialight plc
• Panasonic Corporation
• Schneider Electric
• V-TAC Europe Ltd.
• EarthTronics

The competitive landscape of the damp proof LED linear luminaires market is characterized by a diverse array of players, ranging from large multinational corporations to niche manufacturers specializing in innovative lighting solutions. Major companies such as Philips Lighting and Osram Licht AG lead the market by investing heavily in research and development to enhance their product offerings and maintain competitive advantages. These industry leaders focus on expanding their global footprint while also catering to the increasing demand for energy-efficient and versatile lighting solutions in various applications. Their established brand reputation, extensive distribution networks, and commitment to sustainability position them well to capitalize on market opportunities.

In addition to established players, several emerging firms are making significant inroads into the damp proof LED linear luminaires market by offering unique products that cater to specific consumer needs. Companies like Cree, Inc. and Acuity Brands, Inc. are examples of players that leverage technological advancements to develop cutting-edge lighting solutions that stand out in an increasingly crowded marketplace. As competition intensifies, these companies focus on differentiating their offerings through improved designs, enhanced energy efficiency, and smart features that appeal to environmentally conscious consumers and businesses seeking to reduce operational costs.

Additionally, regional players are also becoming increasingly competitive by focusing on local market needs and preferences. Brands like Havells India Limited and Syska LED Lights cater specifically to the Indian market by offering affordable yet efficient lighting solutions that meet the requirements of various applications. As the market evolves, it is essential for all players, both large and small, to remain vigilant and responsive to changing consumer preferences, technological developments, and regulatory requirements to sustain their market positions and achieve long-term growth.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Legrand
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Cree, Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 GE Lighting
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Dialight plc
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 EarthTronics
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 RAB Lighting
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Osram Licht AG
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Syska LED Lights
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 V-TAC Europe Ltd.
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Zumtobel Group AG
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Schneider Electric
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Acuity Brands, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Havells India Limited
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Panasonic Corporation
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Philips Lighting (Signify)
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Commercial
    • 6.1.2 Industrial
    • 6.1.3 Residential
    • 6.1.4 Outdoor
    • 6.1.5 Architectural
  • 6.2 Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Surface Mounted
    • 6.2.2 Recessed
    • 6.2.3 Suspended
    • 6.2.4 Wall Mounted
    • 6.2.5 Cove Lighting
  • 6.3 Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.1 Online Stores
    • 6.3.2 Electrical Wholesalers
    • 6.3.3 Direct Sales
    • 6.3.4 Lighting Stores
    • 6.3.5 Distributors

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Damp Proof LED Linear Luminaires market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Surface Mounted
• Recessed
• Suspended
• Wall Mounted
• Cove Lighting

By Application

• Commercial
• Industrial
• Residential
• Outdoor
• Architectural

By Distribution Channel

• Online Stores
• Electrical Wholesalers
• Direct Sales
• Lighting Stores
• Distributors

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Philips Lighting (Signify)
• Osram Licht AG
• GE Lighting
• Cree, Inc.
• Acuity Brands, Inc.
• Zumtobel Group AG
• Syska LED Lights
• Havells India Limited
• Legrand
• RAB Lighting
• Dialight plc
• Panasonic Corporation
• Schneider Electric
• V-TAC Europe Ltd.
• EarthTronics