Car Leasing

Car Leasing Market Outlook

The global car leasing market is projected to reach approximately USD 1.5 trillion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 7.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for flexible vehicle usage, rising urbanization, and the ongoing shift towards electric vehicles (EVs). Additionally, a growing preference for leasing over purchasing due to lower upfront costs and maintenance concerns among consumers, especially in the wake of economic uncertainties, continues to fuel the market. The corporate sector's increasing reliance on leased fleets and changing consumer attitudes toward car ownership are also significant contributors to this trend. With the global automotive market undergoing transformative changes, the car leasing sector is set to benefit from advancements in technology and changing mobility patterns.

Growth Factor of the Market

Several factors contribute to the growth of the car leasing market, driven by evolving consumer preferences and economic conditions. Firstly, the cost-effectiveness associated with leasing instead of purchasing cars outright is increasingly appealing to both individual and corporate users. Leasing typically requires lower initial payments, making it financially attractive for those looking to minimize expenses or maintain cash flow. Secondly, the expansion of the corporate sector necessitates flexible and scalable vehicle solutions, further propelling demand for leasing services. Additionally, as urbanization increases, the preference for shared mobility is prompting consumers to seek alternatives to car ownership, thus supporting the leasing model. Furthermore, the rapid advancement of electric vehicle technology and the availability of attractive leasing options for EVs are creating a new customer base interested in sustainable mobility solutions. Lastly, the growth of e-commerce and online platforms allows consumers to research and secure leasing options conveniently, enhancing market accessibility and attractiveness.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Projected growth to USD 1.5 trillion by 2035 with a CAGR of 7.5%.
• Increasing consumer preference for flexible leasing options over traditional car ownership.
• Expansion of the corporate sector driving demand for fleet leasing solutions.
• Rapid advancements in electric vehicle technology influencing leasing options.
• Growth of online channels improving accessibility and options for consumers.

By Lease Type

Open-End Lease:

Open-end leases are characterized by their flexibility, allowing lessees to manage and maintain their vehicles without a fixed residual value. This type of lease is often utilized by businesses that require fleet vehicles, as it enables them to adjust to changing needs over time. By not imposing a predetermined end value, open-end leases often lead to lower monthly payments, making them an attractive option for companies seeking to optimize their vehicle management strategies. However, lessees assume the risk of depreciation, which may influence their decision-making process. The open-end lease segment is anticipated to witness steady growth as businesses increasingly recognize the benefits of adaptable leasing agreements that align with operational requirements.

Closed-End Lease:

Closed-end leases are common among individual consumers and businesses looking for a predictable leasing experience. In this arrangement, the lessee agrees to return the vehicle at the end of the lease term without any responsibility for its residual value. This characteristic makes closed-end leases appealing, as they mitigate the financial risk associated with vehicle depreciation. As a result, consumers can enjoy lower monthly payments and the convenience of not worrying about the vehicle's resale value. This leasing type is expected to dominate the market, fueled by the rising preference for hassle-free vehicle leasing experiences among consumers.

Sublease:

Subleasing in the car leasing market allows lessees to lease out their vehicles to third parties during the lease term. This arrangement can provide financial relief to the original lessee by offsetting some of the lease payments, thereby making leasing more affordable and attractive. The sublease market is gaining traction, especially among individuals and businesses that experience fluctuations in vehicle usage. For example, a corporate fleet that has excess capacity can sublease vehicles to individuals or other companies, maximizing asset utilization. This segment is anticipated to grow, driven by the increasing sharing economy and the desire to optimize vehicle deployment.

Novated Lease:

In a novated lease arrangement, a three-way agreement occurs between the employee, employer, and leasing company, allowing employees to lease vehicles through their workplace. The employer makes lease payments from the employee's pre-tax salary, resulting in tax benefits for both parties. This type of lease is increasingly popular among corporate employees who prefer to drive new vehicles without the financial burden of ownership. The novated lease segment is projected to expand, supported by the corporate sector's desire to offer competitive employee benefits while encouraging sustainable mobility solutions.

Financial Lease:

Financial leases allow lessees to have long-term access to a vehicle with the option to purchase at the end of the lease term. This arrangement is particularly beneficial for businesses that wish to maintain ownership of an asset while enjoying the benefits of a lease. Financial leases often come with higher monthly payments than traditional leases, but they provide the lessee with the flexibility to acquire the asset eventually. This segment is gaining traction as businesses increasingly opt for leasing solutions that offer long-term benefits without the upfront costs associated with outright purchases.

By Vehicle Type

Compact Cars:

Compact cars are gaining popularity in the leasing market, particularly in urban areas where space and fuel efficiency are significant considerations. These vehicles are typically more affordable to lease, making them attractive to both individual consumers and businesses seeking cost-effective transportation solutions. With rising fuel prices and increasing urban congestion, compact cars offer an economical option for lessees who prioritize practicality and lower operating costs. The segment is expected to experience robust growth as more consumers opt for efficient and affordable vehicle options, with leasing providing them the flexibility to switch to newer models more frequently.

Sedans:

Sedans remain a popular choice in the leasing market due to their balance of comfort, style, and affordability. Providing ample space for passengers and luggage, sedans appeal to a variety of consumers, ranging from families to corporate users requiring reliable transportation. The segment has shown resilience even as market preferences shift toward SUVs and crossovers. Sedans offer lower lease payments compared to larger vehicles, making them a financially viable option for many. As manufacturers continue to innovate with advanced features and fuel-efficient models, the sedan segment is likely to maintain a steady growth trajectory within the car leasing market.

SUVs:

SUVs have surged in popularity in recent years, transforming the car leasing landscape. With their spacious interiors, versatility, and enhanced safety features, SUVs appeal to diverse consumer segments, including families and outdoor enthusiasts. As preferences shift toward larger vehicles, the leasing of SUVs has become increasingly prevalent, providing customers with the flexibility to enjoy premium features without the commitment of ownership. This segment is anticipated to continue its upward trend as manufacturers introduce more eco-friendly and technologically advanced SUV models, catering to the growing demand for spacious and versatile vehicles.

Trucks:

The leasing of trucks is gaining traction, particularly among businesses that require heavy-duty vehicles for transportation and logistics. Trucks offer significant utility for companies engaged in construction, delivery, and other commercial sectors. Leasing allows businesses to acquire the necessary equipment without the substantial upfront costs associated with purchasing. As the economy expands and e-commerce continues to grow, the demand for truck leasing solutions will likely increase. This segment is expected to experience steady growth as companies recognize the advantages of leasing as a means to access reliable and high-performance vehicles.

Luxury Cars:

Luxury car leasing is an alluring option for consumers who desire high-end vehicles without the long-term financial commitment of ownership. This segment appeals to affluent individuals and corporate clients seeking to project a premium image. Leasing luxury cars allows customers to experience the latest models equipped with advanced features and technology while enjoying lower monthly payments compared to purchasing outright. The luxury car leasing market is projected to expand significantly, driven by the increasing availability of luxury vehicle options and the trend of consumers seeking to drive high-performance cars while maintaining flexibility in their automotive choices.

By User

Personal:

The personal leasing segment is thriving as individual consumers increasingly prefer leasing over traditional car ownership. Factors such as financial constraints, changing mobility preferences, and the desire for flexibility drive this trend. Personal leasing allows consumers to access newer vehicles with lower upfront costs, making it a financially appealing option. Additionally, the convenience of leasing enables individuals to upgrade their vehicles more frequently, aligning with changing lifestyle needs. This segment is expected to continue growing, bolstered by rising consumer awareness of the benefits associated with leasing arrangements.

Corporate:

The corporate user segment is a significant driver of the car leasing market, as businesses seek to manage their transportation needs efficiently. Leasing provides companies with the flexibility to acquire fleets of vehicles without large capital expenditures while also allowing for scalable solutions based on changing operational requirements. Additionally, corporate leasing often includes maintenance and service packages, reducing the burden on businesses to manage vehicle upkeep. This segment is anticipated to grow as organizations continue to recognize the financial advantages and operational efficiencies provided by leasing arrangements.

Government:

Government entities represent a unique segment in the car leasing market, needing reliable and cost-effective transportation solutions for various administrative functions. Leasing vehicles allows governments to manage budgets efficiently while maintaining a modern fleet. Government leasing contracts often include various benefits, such as maintenance services and vehicle tracking, enhancing operational oversight. As public sector demands evolve and sustainability initiatives gain traction, the government leasing segment is likely to expand, with governments increasingly adopting leasing models to support their mobility needs.

Car Rental Companies:

Car rental companies are major players in the car leasing market, relying on leased vehicles to maintain their fleets. Leasing provides rental firms with the flexibility to upgrade their vehicles regularly and manage operational costs effectively. This segment is characterized by high turnover rates, with rental companies frequently refreshing their fleets to meet consumer demand. As travel and tourism rebound post-pandemic, the demand for rental vehicles is expected to surge, driving growth in this segment. Car rental companies are likely to continue leveraging leasing agreements to optimize their fleet management strategies and enhance customer experiences.

Others:

This category encompasses various users that do not fall into the previously defined segments, including rideshare companies, delivery services, and other specialized transportation providers. These users often require flexible leasing options to scale their operations quickly and respond to fluctuating demand. Leasing provides these businesses with the ability to access vehicles without the burden of ownership and lets them allocate capital to other critical areas of their operations. As the gig economy and e-commerce continue to grow, the 'Others' segment is expected to experience significant expansion, driven by the increasing demand for accessible and adaptable transportation solutions.

By Sales Channel

Dealerships:

Dealerships remain a primary sales channel within the car leasing market, providing consumers with a direct avenue to lease vehicles from manufacturers. The dealership experience often includes personalized consultations, allowing customers to explore various leasing options tailored to their needs. Dealerships are equipped with the latest leasing promotions and financing options, fostering competitive pricing. The traditional dealership model continues to thrive as many consumers prefer face-to-face interactions when making significant financial decisions. This channel is expected to maintain its prominence, particularly as dealerships embrace digital technologies to enhance customer engagement and streamline the leasing process.

Online:

Online sales channels are rapidly emerging as a significant force in the car leasing market, driven by changing consumer preferences and advancements in technology. Offering convenience and accessibility, online platforms allow consumers to research, compare, and finalize leasing arrangements from the comfort of their homes. The rise of e-commerce has enabled leasing companies to provide transparent information on pricing, terms, and vehicle availability, fostering greater consumer trust. As digital engagement continues to increase, this channel is expected to gain traction, leading to more streamlined and user-friendly leasing experiences.

Direct Sales:

Direct sales channels involve leasing companies reaching out to potential customers without intermediaries, often providing tailored leasing solutions. This approach is particularly effective for corporate clients seeking fleet leasing options, as it allows for personalized negotiations and service agreements. Direct sales enable leasing companies to build strong relationships with clients, leading to higher customer retention rates. As businesses continue to seek customized solutions, this sales channel is expected to grow, providing leasing companies with new opportunities for expansion and enhanced customer engagement.

Brokers:

Brokers play a crucial role in the car leasing market by connecting consumers with various leasing companies. They provide valuable insights into multiple leasing options, helping clients find the best deals based on their specific needs. The broker model is increasingly favored by consumers seeking impartial advice and assistance navigating complex leasing agreements. As awareness of leasing options expands, the broker segment is expected to grow, with more individuals and businesses relying on brokers to facilitate their vehicle leasing arrangements efficiently.

Others:

This category includes various alternative sales channels that do not fit into the traditional categories, such as auctions, peer-to-peer leasing platforms, and subscription services. These alternatives offer innovative approaches to vehicle leasing, catering to consumers seeking flexible and dynamic leasing arrangements. With the rise of the sharing economy, platforms that facilitate short-term leasing or subscription models are gaining traction, appealing to modern consumers looking for hassle-free mobility options. As these alternative sales channels continue to evolve, they are anticipated to contribute significantly to the overall growth of the car leasing market.

By Region

The North American car leasing market is projected to experience significant growth, driven by a strong consumer preference for leasing over purchasing. The region is expected to account for approximately 35% of the global market share by 2035, reaching an estimated USD 525 billion. Factors such as rising vehicle prices, increased urbanization, and a growing emphasis on corporate fleet management contribute to this trend, with a CAGR of around 7.2%. The U.S. remains the largest market within North America, supported by a well-established leasing infrastructure and favorable financing options for consumers.

In Europe, the car leasing market is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 8% over the forecast period, reaching approximately USD 450 billion by 2035. A robust automotive industry, combined with changing consumer attitudes towards mobility, drives this growth. Countries such as Germany, the UK, and France play pivotal roles in the European leasing landscape, characterized by a wide range of leasing options catering to diverse consumer preferences. The increasing adoption of electric vehicles in Europe further fuels demand for leasing solutions, as consumers seek flexible options that align with sustainability goals.

Opportunities

The car leasing market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly in the realm of electric vehicles (EVs). As governments and consumers increasingly focus on sustainability, the demand for EV leasing options is expected to soar. Leasing companies that can offer comprehensive EV packages, including charging infrastructure and maintenance services, stand to benefit significantly. Additionally, as consumer preferences shift toward mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) models, leasing companies have the potential to expand their services by offering subscription-based leasing options. These models provide greater flexibility and convenience for consumers, allowing them to choose vehicles based on their specific needs without long-term commitments. The adoption of advanced technologies, such as telematics and connected vehicle solutions, will also enhance the leasing experience, driving further innovation and growth in the market.

Moreover, the increasing penetration of digitization within the automotive sector creates opportunities for leasing companies to streamline their operations and improve customer engagement. Implementing digital solutions can enhance the leasing process by enabling online applications, real-time vehicle tracking, and automated payment systems. This technological transformation not only improves efficiency but also caters to the growing demand for transparency and convenience among consumers. Additionally, as the gig economy continues to thrive, leasing companies can explore partnerships with rideshare and delivery services, providing tailored leasing solutions that meet the unique demands of this ever-evolving market.

Threats

Despite the opportunities present in the car leasing market, several threats may hinder growth. Economic fluctuations and uncertainties, such as recessions or inflationary pressures, can negatively impact consumer spending patterns and overall demand for leasing services. A decline in disposable income may lead consumers to prioritize essential expenses, reducing their willingness to enter into leasing agreements. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of automotive technologies, including autonomous vehicles and alternative mobility solutions, poses challenges for traditional leasing models. If consumers begin prioritizing these new modes of transportation, the demand for conventional leasing may decline, requiring leasing companies to adapt their strategies to remain competitive.

Moreover, increasing competition from alternative mobility services, such as car-sharing and ride-hailing platforms, may also threaten the car leasing market. These services often offer more flexible options for consumers, reducing the necessity for long-term commitments associated with leasing. As the transportation landscape continues to evolve, leasing companies may need to rethink their value propositions and explore ways to integrate with emerging mobility solutions. Failure to adapt to these changing dynamics may result in decreased market share and profitability for traditional leasing companies.

Competitor Outlook

• Enterprise Holdings
• Hertz Global Holdings
• Avis Budget Group
• Sixt SE
• LeasePlan Corporation N.V.
• ALD Automotive
• Arval
• Ryder System, Inc.
• Volkswagen Leasing
• BMW Financial Services
• Mercedes-Benz Financial Services
• General Motors Financial
• Ford Credit
• Toyota Financial Services
• Nissan Motor Acceptance Corporation

The competitive landscape of the car leasing market is marked by a blend of established players and emerging companies. Major firms such as Enterprise Holdings, Hertz Global Holdings, and Avis Budget Group dominate the market with extensive fleets and well-established brand recognition. These companies leverage their scale and resources to offer a wide range of vehicle leasing options, catering to both corporate and personal users. Additionally, these key players are continuously innovating their service offerings, integrating technology to enhance customer experiences, and expanding their market presence through strategic partnerships and acquisitions. The intense competition among these established companies has led to increased service offerings, competitive pricing, and improved customer engagement strategies.

LeasePlan Corporation N.V. and ALD Automotive are two prominent players focusing on fleet leasing solutions, catering to corporate clients' evolving needs. These companies emphasize sustainability and technological integration within their leasing operations, which positions them favorably as businesses seek environmentally friendly transportation solutions. Furthermore, as the automotive landscape shifts towards electric and hybrid vehicles, these companies are adapting their fleets to meet the demand for greener options, ensuring they remain competitive in an evolving market. The emphasis on innovation and customer-centric approaches will play a crucial role in these companies' continued success and market relevance.

Emerging players in the car leasing market are also carving out niches by leveraging technology and innovative business models. Companies focused on flexible leasing options, subscription services, and peer-to-peer leasing platforms are challenging traditional providers by appealing to modern consumer preferences for convenience and accessibility. This trend is expected to disrupt the conventional leasing model, prompting established companies to adapt or risk losing market share. As the car leasing market continues to evolve, the interplay between established firms and innovative newcomers will shape the competitive landscape, creating opportunities for collaboration and differentiation.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Arval
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Sixt SE
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Ford Credit
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 ALD Automotive
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Avis Budget Group
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Ryder System, Inc.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Volkswagen Leasing
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Enterprise Holdings
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Hertz Global Holdings
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 BMW Financial Services
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 General Motors Financial
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Toyota Financial Services
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 LeasePlan Corporation N.V.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Mercedes-Benz Financial Services
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Nissan Motor Acceptance Corporation
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Car Leasing Market, By User
    • 6.1.1 Personal
    • 6.1.2 Corporate
    • 6.1.3 Government
    • 6.1.4 Car Rental Companies
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Car Leasing Market, By Lease Type
    • 6.2.1 Open-End Lease
    • 6.2.2 Closed-End Lease
    • 6.2.3 Sublease
    • 6.2.4 Novated Lease
    • 6.2.5 Financial Lease
  • 6.3 Car Leasing Market, By Vehicle Type
    • 6.3.1 Compact Cars
    • 6.3.2 Sedans
    • 6.3.3 SUVs
    • 6.3.4 Trucks
    • 6.3.5 Luxury Cars
  • 6.4 Car Leasing Market, By Sales Channel
    • 6.4.1 Dealerships
    • 6.4.2 Online
    • 6.4.3 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.4 Brokers
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Car Leasing Market by Region
  • 10.3 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 India
      • 10.3.1.2 China
      • 10.3.1.3 Japan
      • 10.3.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.4 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.4.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.4.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.5 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 USA
      • 10.5.1.2 Canada
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Car Leasing market is categorized based on

By Lease Type

• Open-End Lease
• Closed-End Lease
• Sublease
• Novated Lease
• Financial Lease

By Vehicle Type

• Compact Cars
• Sedans
• SUVs
• Trucks
• Luxury Cars

By User

• Personal
• Corporate
• Government
• Car Rental Companies
• Others

By Sales Channel

• Dealerships
• Online
• Direct Sales
• Brokers
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Enterprise Holdings
• Hertz Global Holdings
• Avis Budget Group
• Sixt SE
• LeasePlan Corporation N.V.
• ALD Automotive
• Arval
• Ryder System, Inc.
• Volkswagen Leasing
• BMW Financial Services
• Mercedes-Benz Financial Services
• General Motors Financial
• Ford Credit
• Toyota Financial Services
• Nissan Motor Acceptance Corporation