Biliary Stent Sales

Biliary Stent Sales Market Outlook

The global biliary stent market is projected to reach approximately USD 1.2 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 7.5% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The increasing prevalence of biliary diseases and rising geriatric population, coupled with advancements in stent technology, are significant factors driving market growth. Furthermore, the growing demand for minimally invasive surgical procedures is contributing to the expansion of the biliary stent market. Healthcare professionals are increasingly opting for stenting solutions to manage complications arising from biliary obstructions, making better treatment options more accessible and efficient. This trend is expected to fuel market growth as healthcare systems around the world continue to evolve.

Growth Factor of the Market

The biliary stent market is benefiting from several transformative growth factors that are reshaping its landscape. The rise in the number of patients suffering from chronic liver diseases, gallstones, and various cancers leading to biliary obstructions is a key contributor. Additionally, technological advancements have led to the development of innovative stenting solutions, particularly drug-eluting stents, which are more effective in preventing restenosis and improving patient outcomes. The emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment of biliary conditions has also significantly increased the adoption of these medical devices. Furthermore, the expansion of healthcare facilities and the increasing number of outpatient procedures have created a conducive environment for the market's growth. The ongoing research into new materials and designs aimed at enhancing stent longevity and functionality is expected to open new avenues for market expansion and product enhancement.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global biliary stent market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Metal stents are currently leading the market share among product types due to their durability and effectiveness.
• Malignant biliary obstruction applications dominate the market, driven by a rising incidence of cancers worldwide.
• Hospitals are the primary end-users of biliary stents, accounting for a significant proportion of the market.
• The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate, driven by improving healthcare infrastructure and rising awareness.

By Product Type

Metal Stents :

Metal stents are a prominent category within the biliary stent market, known for their strength and longevity. These stents, typically made from materials like stainless steel or nitinol, are designed to maintain patency in obstructed bile ducts effectively. Their robust structure makes them suitable for patients with malignant conditions, where the likelihood of restenosis is higher. The expanding applications of metal stents in interventional radiology and gastroenterology further bolster their market adoption. The ability to deploy these stents in a minimally invasive manner has made them a preferred choice among healthcare providers, increasing their appeal and subsequently driving sales in the market. With ongoing innovations aimed at improving their design, such as the introduction of self-expanding metal stents, the market for metal stents is expected to continue thriving.

Plastic Stents :

Plastic stents represent a versatile option in biliary interventions, primarily used for benign biliary obstructions. These stents are made from materials like polyethylene and are often favored for their affordability and ease of insertion. Although they tend to have a shorter patency compared to metal stents, their widespread use in outpatient procedures ensures a steady demand. Plastic stents are particularly utilized in cases where temporary relief is required, making them a common choice for managing biliary leaks and benign obstructions. The ongoing development in their designs has led to enhanced functionality, including improved flow characteristics and reduced risk of blockage. As a result, plastic stents continue to hold a significant position in the biliary stent market.

Covered Stents :

Covered stents, which feature a protective coating, are designed to minimize the risk of tissue ingrowth and obstruction. These stents are increasingly employed in cases of malignant biliary obstruction where preserving patency is crucial for effective treatment outcomes. The unique design of covered stents allows for enhanced performance, particularly in patients with complicated scenarios, such as those with significant tumor burden. By preventing tissue overgrowth, covered stents help extend the duration of patency, which is a critical factor in patient management. As the medical community continues to recognize the advantages of these stents, their usage is expected to rise, contributing positively to the overall market growth.

Uncovered Stents :

Uncovered stents are designed without any protective coating, making them suitable for specific applications where tissue ingrowth may not be a significant concern. These stents are often utilized in straightforward cases of biliary obstruction, providing a cost-effective solution compared to their covered counterparts. While uncovered stents may have a higher risk of blockage due to ingrowth, their simplicity and ease of deployment can be advantageous in certain clinical scenarios. The recovery and management protocols associated with uncovered stents are generally uncomplicated, making them a reliable option for healthcare professionals. The demand for uncovered stents is expected to remain consistent, particularly in settings prioritizing cost-effectiveness without compromising patient safety.

Drug-Eluting Stents :

Drug-eluting stents represent the latest innovation in the biliary stent market, designed to release therapeutic agents that prevent restenosis. These stents are particularly beneficial for patients at high risk of re-obstruction, such as those undergoing treatment for malignant conditions. The incorporation of medication directly into the stent design significantly enhances the outcomes of biliary interventions by reducing the rate of recurrence. As the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting stents becomes more established, their adoption is expected to increase among healthcare providers. The initial costs may be higher compared to traditional stents; however, the long-term benefits associated with improved patient outcomes justify this investment, leading to a favorable market trajectory for drug-eluting stents.

By Application

Malignant Biliary Obstruction :

Malignant biliary obstruction constitutes a significant segment of the biliary stent market, primarily due to the increasing prevalence of cancers that impact bile ducts, such as pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers. These conditions often lead to severe complications, necessitating effective intervention to relieve obstructive symptoms associated with jaundice and bile accumulation. The demand for biliary stents in this application is driven by the need for long-term drainage solutions that can maintain patency over extended periods. With advancements in stent technology, including the introduction of drug-eluting options, the ability to provide effective palliative care for patients suffering from malignant biliary obstruction has markedly improved. Consequently, this segment is projected to witness substantial growth as healthcare providers seek innovative solutions to enhance patient quality of life.

Benign Biliary Obstruction :

Benign biliary obstruction is another critical application area for biliary stents, involving conditions such as strictures and post-surgical complications. The use of stents in these cases is primarily aimed at providing temporary relief and facilitating bile flow until the underlying condition is resolved. Plastic stents are often the preferred choice for treating benign obstructions due to their cost-effectiveness and simplicity. As the treatment landscape continues to evolve, there is an increasing focus on monitoring and managing benign conditions to prevent complications. The growing awareness of the importance of timely intervention in benign biliary conditions is likely to propel market growth within this segment, as healthcare providers prioritize patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Biliary Leaks :

Biliary leaks can occur after surgical procedures or due to trauma, leading to serious complications that require immediate intervention. Biliary stents are employed to facilitate the drainage of bile in these situations, helping to prevent further damage to surrounding tissues. The use of stents in managing biliary leaks has become a critical tool for surgeons and gastroenterologists, offering an effective approach to addressing this challenging complication. As the medical community increasingly recognizes the importance of timely management of biliary leaks, the demand for stenting solutions is expected to grow. Additionally, innovations in stent designs, including enhanced flexibility and maneuverability, are anticipated to further improve outcomes for patients experiencing biliary leaks.

By User

Hospitals :

Hospitals are the primary end-users of biliary stents, accounting for a substantial share of the overall market. The extensive range of services offered by hospitals, including specialized departments such as gastroenterology and interventional radiology, facilitates the adoption of biliary stents for various clinical applications. Hospitals are equipped with advanced facilities and skilled personnel, enabling them to manage complex cases effectively. The growing trend of outpatient procedures and minimally invasive techniques has also contributed to the increasing utilization of biliary stents within hospital settings. As hospitals continue to invest in advanced medical technologies and improve their surgical capabilities, the demand for biliary stents is expected to rise, further solidifying their position in the market.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers :

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) play an increasingly significant role in the biliary stent market, providing a cost-effective alternative to traditional hospital settings for outpatient procedures. These centers are designed to perform a variety of minimally invasive procedures, including those requiring biliary stenting. The convenience and efficiency of ASCs, combined with their focus on reducing patient recovery times, contribute to their growing popularity among healthcare providers and patients alike. As the demand for outpatient interventions continues to rise, ASCs are likely to expand their capabilities in biliary interventions, increasing the market share of biliary stents within this segment. Moreover, the ability to offer personalized care in a less complex environment makes ASCs an attractive option for patients requiring biliary stenting.

Specialty Clinics :

Specialty clinics, particularly those focusing on gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders, are significant players in the biliary stent market, providing targeted care and expert intervention. These clinics often have specialized knowledge and experience in managing biliary conditions, allowing them to effectively address complex cases requiring stenting solutions. The growing awareness of the importance of specialized care has led to an increase in patient referrals to these clinics for biliary interventions. As more patients seek out expert care for biliary issues, the demand for biliary stenting in specialty clinics is expected to increase. The ability of these clinics to offer tailored treatment options enhances their role in the overall market, contributing to a continued rise in biliary stent utilization.

By Material

Nitinol :

Nitinol is a nickel-titanium alloy known for its exceptional mechanical properties and flexibility, making it an ideal material for biliary stents. The unique shape memory and superelastic properties of nitinol allow for the creation of stents that can expand and contract within the biliary tract, ensuring optimal placement and functionality. This material is particularly beneficial in complex anatomical structures, where adaptability is crucial for maintaining patency. Nitinol stents are typically used in malignant cases due to their durability and effectiveness in preventing restenosis. As the advantages of nitinol continue to be recognized, the demand for nitinol-based biliary stents is expected to grow significantly, contributing to the overall market expansion.

Stainless Steel :

Stainless steel, a traditional material used in the production of biliary stents, offers excellent strength and resistance to corrosion, making it a reliable option for maintaining bile duct patency. The use of stainless steel stents is prevalent in various applications, particularly for malignant biliary obstructions where durability is a key requirement. While stainless steel stents may not offer the same flexibility as nitinol, their proven track record in clinical settings ensures continued demand. The affordability of stainless steel also positions it as a competitive option in the market, enabling healthcare providers to offer effective solutions for patients while managing costs effectively. As a result, stainless steel stents remain a crucial component of the biliary stent market.

Silicone :

Silicone stents are known for their biocompatibility and flexibility, making them suitable for various gastrointestinal applications, including biliary interventions. These stents are often used in benign biliary obstructions and cases where temporary drainage is required. Silicone stents can be easily inserted and removed, providing a straightforward solution for managing biliary conditions. Their soft texture minimizes discomfort for patients while ensuring effective bile drainage. As the focus on patient-centered care continues to grow, the demand for silicone stents is expected to rise, particularly in outpatient settings. Due to their unique properties, silicone stents play an essential role in the overall biliary stent market.

Polyurethane :

Polyurethane is emerging as a versatile material in the biliary stent market, offering excellent biocompatibility and strength. The use of polyurethane in stent manufacturing allows for the creation of devices that are both lightweight and durable, making them ideal for various biliary applications. These stents are often favored for their flexibility and resilience, which can enhance patient comfort during and after procedures. The ability to incorporate drug-eluting properties into polyurethane stents further expands their applicability, particularly in managing malignant biliary obstructions. As these innovations continue to gain traction, the use of polyurethane stents is expected to contribute positively to market growth, as healthcare providers strive to improve treatment outcomes for patients.

Others :

The category of "Others" encompasses a range of materials used in the development of biliary stents that may not fall under the conventional categories. This may include biodegradable stents and other advanced polymer combinations that offer unique properties such as enhanced bioactivity and reduced inflammation. The innovation in this space is driven by ongoing research and development efforts aimed at improving patient outcomes and addressing specific clinical needs. As new materials are introduced and validated through clinical trials, they have the potential to carve out a niche within the biliary stent market, contributing to the overall growth and diversification of product offerings. The exploration of alternative materials is crucial for meeting the evolving demands of healthcare providers and patients alike.

By Region

The North American region leads the biliary stent market, accounting for a significant share, primarily due to the high prevalence of biliary diseases and advanced healthcare infrastructure. The region boasts a large number of healthcare facilities equipped with cutting-edge technology, facilitating the adoption of innovative stenting solutions. Additionally, the growing awareness of minimally invasive procedures among healthcare providers and patients enhances the demand for biliary stents. The increasing geriatric population and a rise in chronic diseases are expected to contribute to the sustained growth of the biliary stent market in North America. This segment is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.8% between 2025 and 2035, reflecting the region's pivotal role in the global market.

In Europe, the biliary stent market is also witnessing remarkable growth, driven by rising healthcare expenditure and improvements in medical technologies. The increasing focus on early diagnosis and effective management of biliary conditions is propelling the demand for stents across the region. Countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are significant contributors to market growth, supported by well-established healthcare systems and a high rate of interventional procedures. The Asia Pacific region, however, is expected to exhibit the fastest growth rate, with a projected CAGR of 9.2% over the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the expanding healthcare infrastructure, rising patient awareness, and increasing prevalence of biliary disorders in countries like China and India. The overall market dynamics across these regions highlight the diverse opportunities available for stakeholders in the biliary stent market.

Opportunities

The biliary stent market presents several lucrative opportunities for growth, particularly due to advancements in technology and the emergence of new materials. Ongoing research into drug-eluting stents, which release therapeutic agents to prevent restenosis, is expected to significantly enhance treatment options available to patients suffering from biliary obstructions. As healthcare providers increasingly prioritize patient outcomes, the integration of these advanced technologies into clinical practice is likely to drive demand for innovative stenting solutions. Additionally, the growing trend of personalized medicine opens avenues for customized stent designs tailored to specific patient needs, further expanding the market landscape. The collaborative efforts between medical device manufacturers and healthcare professionals to develop targeted therapies will be instrumental in capitalizing on these opportunities.

Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated conditions, such as gallbladder disease, presents a significant opportunity for market players. As the global population continues to grapple with lifestyle-related health issues, the demand for effective biliary interventions will rise, necessitating the use of stents in both surgical and non-surgical settings. Moreover, the expansion of healthcare access in developing regions is poised to increase the adoption of biliary stenting solutions, paving the way for new market entrants. With the potential for a wider range of applications and advancements in medical technology, the biliary stent market is well-positioned for sustained growth over the coming years.

Threats

Despite the promising prospects of the biliary stent market, several threats could impact its growth trajectory. One of the primary concerns is the potential for complications associated with biliary stenting procedures, including stent migration, blockage, and infection. Such complications can lead to adverse patient outcomes and may dissuade healthcare providers from utilizing these devices, especially in critical cases. Additionally, the increasing regulatory scrutiny surrounding medical devices necessitates extensive clinical trials and data collection, which could delay the introduction of new stenting solutions into the market. Manufacturers must navigate these challenges while ensuring compliance with evolving regulations, which can strain resources and impact profitability.

Moreover, the competitive landscape of the biliary stent market is characterized by the presence of established players and the continuous emergence of new entrants. This competition can lead to price erosion and pressure on profit margins, particularly in regions with cost-sensitive healthcare systems. Companies must differentiate their products through innovation, quality, and service to maintain market share and attract customers. Additionally, economic fluctuations and healthcare budget constraints may influence purchasing decisions, further complicating the market dynamics for biliary stents. Addressing these threats will require strategic planning and adaptability from industry stakeholders.

Competitor Outlook

• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Medtronic plc
• Cook Medical
• Terumo Corporation
• Abbott Laboratories
• CIWUS Medical
• Olympus Corporation
• EndoChoice Holdings, Inc.
• B. Braun Melsungen AG
• W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
• Hobbs Medical, Inc.
• Amgen Inc.
• Stryker Corporation
• Vascular Solutions, Inc.
• MedNova, Inc.

The competitive landscape of the biliary stent market is characterized by a mix of established corporations and emerging players, all vying for market share through innovation and strategic partnerships. Major companies like Boston Scientific Corporation and Medtronic plc are leading the charge by investing heavily in research and development to create advanced biliary stenting solutions. These companies leverage their strong distribution networks and extensive experience in the medical device industry to maintain a competitive edge. Additionally, partnerships with healthcare providers and research institutions enable these companies to stay at the forefront of technological advancements and patient care trends.

Emerging players are also making strides in the biliary stent market by introducing unique product offerings that cater to specific patient needs. For instance, companies like CIWUS Medical and Amgen Inc. focus on developing customized stenting solutions, including drug-eluting stents and stents made from innovative materials. These new entrants often emphasize agility and adaptability, enabling them to respond quickly to changing market demands and capitalize on emerging trends. Additionally, the push towards minimally invasive procedures across various healthcare settings has created opportunities for smaller players to establish themselves in niche markets where they can provide specialized services and products.

Key companies, such as Cook Medical and Abbott Laboratories, have also made significant contributions to the biliary stent market by expanding their product portfolios and enhancing their manufacturing capabilities. These companies invest in cutting-edge technologies and continuously seek to improve patient outcomes through innovative designs and materials. With a focus on sustainability and biocompatibility, these organizations are aligning their product development strategies with the growing demand for environmentally conscious medical devices. As the biliary stent market continues to evolve, maintained efforts in R&D, strategic alliances, and market expansion will be crucial for companies aiming to thrive in this competitive environment.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Amgen Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Cook Medical
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 CIWUS Medical
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 MedNova, Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Medtronic plc
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Terumo Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Abbott Laboratories
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Hobbs Medical, Inc.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Olympus Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Stryker Corporation
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 B. Braun Melsungen AG
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Vascular Solutions, Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 EndoChoice Holdings, Inc.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Boston Scientific Corporation
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Biliary Stent Sales Market, By user
    • 6.1.1 Hospitals
    • 6.1.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
    • 6.1.3 Specialty Clinics
  • 6.2 Biliary Stent Sales Market, By Material
    • 6.2.1 Nitinol
    • 6.2.2 Stainless Steel
    • 6.2.3 Silicone
    • 6.2.4 Polyurethane
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Biliary Stent Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.3.1 Malignant Biliary Obstruction
    • 6.3.2 Benign Biliary Obstruction
    • 6.3.3 Biliary Leaks
  • 6.4 Biliary Stent Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.4.1 Metal Stents
    • 6.4.2 Plastic Stents
    • 6.4.3 Covered Stents
    • 6.4.4 Uncovered Stents
    • 6.4.5 Drug-Eluting Stents

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Biliary Stent Sales Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Biliary Stent Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Metal Stents
• Plastic Stents
• Covered Stents
• Uncovered Stents
• Drug-Eluting Stents

By Application

• Malignant Biliary Obstruction
• Benign Biliary Obstruction
• Biliary Leaks

By user

• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Specialty Clinics

By Material

• Nitinol
• Stainless Steel
• Silicone
• Polyurethane
• Others

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Medtronic plc
• Cook Medical
• Terumo Corporation
• Abbott Laboratories
• CIWUS Medical
• Olympus Corporation
• EndoChoice Holdings, Inc.
• B. Braun Melsungen AG
• W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
• Hobbs Medical, Inc.
• Amgen Inc.
• Stryker Corporation
• Vascular Solutions, Inc.
• MedNova, Inc.