Automotive Stamping

Automotive Stamping Market Outlook

The global automotive stamping market is projected to reach approximately USD 40 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 4.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for lightweight materials and the ongoing trends toward electric vehicles (EVs), which require advanced manufacturing processes to optimize vehicle structure and durability. Moreover, the rising investments in automotive production technology and automation are also propelling the market forward. The need for efficient production methods, coupled with the growing emphasis on safety and performance standards, is pushing automotive manufacturers to adopt advanced stamping technologies. Additionally, the expansion of the global automotive sector, particularly in emerging economies, is further driving the demand for stamping solutions to meet production needs.

Growth Factor of the Market

The automotive stamping market is significantly influenced by several key growth factors that shape its trajectory. First, the increasing production of vehicles globally, particularly in regions like Asia-Pacific, is driving demand for stamping components, as they are essential in vehicle manufacturing. Second, the growing trend towards lightweight vehicles to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions has led manufacturers to seek advanced stamping techniques that can provide sturdier, yet lighter components. Third, the rise of electric vehicles is generating a unique requirement for specialized stamping processes, thereby opening up new market opportunities. Fourth, advances in manufacturing technologies, including automation and robotics, are enhancing production efficiency and driving cost reductions in the stamping process, appealing to manufacturers seeking to maximize profit margins. Lastly, regulatory pressures regarding safety and environmental standards are prompting automotive manufacturers to invest in high-quality stamping technologies that comply with these requirements.

Key Highlights of the Market

• Projected growth to reach USD 40 billion by 2035.
• Significant CAGR of 4.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Increased demand from electric vehicle production.
• Technological advancements driving efficiencies in production.
• Rising focus on lightweight materials for better performance and fuel efficiency.

By Product Type

Hot Stamping:

Hot stamping involves heating metal sheets to high temperatures before applying them to a stamping tool, allowing for greater material deformation and strength. This technique is particularly advantageous for producing complex shapes and high-strength components that are critical in automotive safety applications like structural parts of vehicles. The process not only enhances the mechanical properties of the stamped parts but also reduces weight, which is essential for modern automotive designs focused on fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. As a result, hot stamping is gaining traction among automotive manufacturers, particularly as the demand for electric and lightweight vehicles grows.

Cold Stamping:

Cold stamping is performed at room temperature and is primarily utilized to shape metal sheets into desired configurations without the need for heating. This method allows for precise control over dimensions and tolerances, making it ideal for producing high-quality automotive components such as brackets, housings, and other intricate parts. The process requires less energy compared to hot stamping, leading to lower operational costs. Furthermore, cold stamping can be executed at a faster production rate, which is essential for meeting the high-volume demands of the automotive industry. The increasing need for cost-effective manufacturing processes is likely to sustain the growth of cold stamping in the automotive sector.

Progressive Die Stamping:

Progressive die stamping is a continuous process where metal strips are fed through a series of dies, progressively shaping the material with each station. This technique is highly efficient for high-volume production runs, making it suitable for creating parts like brackets and clips used in various automotive applications. One of the primary benefits of progressive die stamping is that it minimizes waste material and reduces the cycle time, allowing manufacturers to improve productivity and lower costs. As automotive production scales up, the demand for progressive die stamping solutions is expected to rise, reinforcing its significance in the market.

Deep Drawn Stamping:

Deep drawn stamping is a specialized process used to form cylindrical or box-like shapes with a deep vertical depth, making it ideal for components such as fuel tanks and casing for various automotive systems. This process involves drawing the sheet metal into a die cavity, which can create complex shapes with minimal seams. The durability and strength of deep drawn components are particularly advantageous in automotive applications, where resilience under stress is paramount. As the automotive industry continues to innovate and evolve, the requirement for deep drawn components is anticipated to grow, particularly in applications that demand high strength-to-weight ratios.

Transfer Stamping:

Transfer stamping is a method where parts are manufactured in a series of steps but in a single machine, allowing for the transfer of partially completed workpieces between dies. This process is particularly effective for producing intricate shapes and sizes with high precision. Transfer stamping is often used for high-volume production and is capable of producing complex automotive parts with reduced scrap. The ability to streamline production and minimize waste makes transfer stamping an appealing option for automotive manufacturers focused on efficiency and sustainability, contributing to its growth in the automotive stamping market.

By Application

Body:

The automotive body application segment encompasses the production of exterior and structural components of vehicles, such as doors, hoods, and roofs. Stamping is crucial in this segment as it enables manufacturers to create high-strength parts that meet safety regulations while maintaining a lightweight design. The increasing focus on vehicle safety, aesthetics, and fuel efficiency is driving the demand for advanced stamping processes in the automotive body sector. As electric vehicles become more prevalent, the body stamping segment is expected to see substantial growth due to the need for innovative designs and materials that improve overall vehicle performance.

Chassis:

The chassis segment refers to the framework of the vehicle, which supports the body and all other components. Automotive stamping plays a vital role in creating robust and reliable chassis components, such as frames and suspension parts, which must withstand significant stress and impact forces. The ongoing development of new materials and manufacturing processes is allowing for the production of lighter and stronger chassis parts, which is critical for modern automotive design. The growth of the automotive industry, particularly in the SUV and truck segments, is expected to further drive the demand for chassis components produced through stamping technologies.

Powertrain:

Powertrain applications encompass the components that deliver power to the wheels, including engine parts, transmission housings, and drive shafts. Stamping is essential in this segment as it allows for the production of precise and durable components that can handle high levels of stress and heat. The increasing complexity of automotive powertrains, especially with the rise of hybrid and electric vehicles, is leading to greater demand for advanced stamping solutions that can produce efficient and lightweight components. This trend is expected to continue as manufacturers strive to enhance performance and reduce emissions.

Interior:

In the interior application segment, stamping is utilized to produce components such as dashboard frames, seat structures, and other interior fittings. The focus in this segment is not only on functionality but also on aesthetics and passenger comfort. As the automotive industry shifts towards creating more luxurious and technologically advanced interiors, the demand for precisely stamped components is likely to increase. Manufacturers are increasingly looking for advanced stamping techniques that enable them to create intricate designs and high-quality finishes, thus driving growth in the interior application sector.

Electrical & Electronics:

The electrical and electronics segment includes the production of components such as connectors, housings, and brackets for automotive electronics systems. Stamping plays a crucial role in this sector, enabling manufacturers to create lightweight, durable, and cost-effective components that can be integrated into complex electrical systems. With the increasing incorporation of advanced technology in vehicles, including infotainment systems, driver assistance technologies, and electric drivetrains, the demand for stamped components in the electrical and electronics segment is expected to rise significantly. The shift towards greater electrification in vehicles is driving innovations in stamping technologies to meet the evolving requirements of automotive manufacturers.

By Material Type

Steel:

Steel remains the most widely used material in automotive stamping due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, affordability, and versatility. Various grades of steel, including high-strength steel, are employed to create a range of components from structural parts to intricate designs. The ability to form steel into complex shapes while maintaining its integrity makes it ideal for automotive applications. Additionally, advancements in steel processing technologies are enabling manufacturers to produce lighter and stronger components, which is crucial for meeting regulatory standards and enhancing fuel efficiency in vehicles.

Aluminum:

Aluminum is increasingly gaining traction in automotive stamping due to its lightweight nature and resistance to corrosion. The automotive industry is leveraging aluminum to produce components that enhance fuel efficiency and reduce overall vehicle weight, contributing to lower emissions. Aluminum stamping allows for the creation of complex shapes with high precision, making it suitable for applications in both body and chassis components. The growing focus on sustainability and the shift towards electric vehicles are further driving the demand for aluminum-stamped parts, as manufacturers seek to optimize performance while adhering to environmental regulations.

Copper:

Copper is primarily used in the automotive industry for electrical applications due to its excellent conductivity properties. Stamped copper components, such as connectors and wiring harnesses, are essential for the efficient transmission of electrical signals in modern vehicles. The increasing incorporation of advanced electronics and electrical systems in automobiles, particularly in electric and hybrid vehicles, is fueling the demand for copper stamping solutions. As manufacturers continue to innovate and integrate more electrical features into vehicles, the significance of copper-stamped parts is expected to grow in importance.

Magnesium:

Magnesium is gaining popularity in the automotive stamping market due to its lightweight characteristics and high specific strength. This material is particularly useful in applications where weight reduction is critical, such as in chassis components and interior fittings. Magnesium stamping allows manufacturers to produce lightweight components without compromising strength, which is crucial for enhancing fuel efficiency and performance. The automotive industry's growing emphasis on sustainability and reducing carbon footprints is likely to drive the demand for magnesium-stamped parts, particularly as manufacturers explore new ways to optimize vehicle design.

Others:

This category includes various materials used in automotive stamping, such as titanium, composites, and specialty alloys. These materials often provide specific advantages, including enhanced thermal resistance, corrosion resistance, or specific aesthetic qualities that are desirable in certain automotive applications. While they may not be as widely used as steel or aluminum, advancements in material science and engineering are encouraging the exploration of these alternative materials in the automotive stamping market. As manufacturers seek innovative solutions to meet evolving automotive designs and performance specifications, the role of these materials is expected to gain importance.

By Technology

Blanking:

Blanking is a fundamental stamping process where flat metal sheets are cut into shapes, known as blanks, which will then undergo further processing. This technique is critical in the automotive stamping market as it serves as the first step in the fabrication of complex automotive parts. The precision and repeatability of blanking processes allow manufacturers to create uniform components that comply with strict quality standards. As the demand for high-volume production increases, advancements in blanking technology are expected to foster greater efficiency and reduce material waste, contributing to overall cost-effectiveness in automotive manufacturing.

Embossing:

Embossing involves creating raised or recessed designs on metal surfaces, allowing for aesthetic enhancements and functional features, such as providing grip or reducing weight. In the automotive industry, embossing is often used for decorative and functional surfaces, including interior components and exterior panels. The ability to produce intricate designs and textures through stamping processes like embossing is becoming increasingly important as manufacturers focus on enhancing vehicle aesthetics and differentiation. As consumer preferences for unique and stylish vehicles grow, the demand for embossed components in the automotive sector is expected to rise.

Bending:

Bending is a stamping process that involves deforming metal sheets into desired angles or shapes without breaking or fracturing the material. This method is essential in creating bent components used in various automotive applications, including frames and reinforcements. The bending process provides manufacturers with the flexibility to create complex shapes while ensuring the structural integrity of the components. As the automotive industry continues to innovate and adapt to changing consumer demands, the need for advanced bending technologies that enhance precision and reduce cycle times will likely support the growth of this segment.

Coining:

Coding is a precise stamping process used to create detailed shapes and features by compressing the material between two dies. In the automotive industry, coining is often employed for producing intricate parts with tight tolerances, such as gear teeth or other precision components. The coining process enhances the accuracy and surface finish of the parts, making it particularly valuable for high-performance automotive applications. As manufacturers push for greater precision and technological advancements in vehicle design, the demand for coining in automotive stamping is expected to grow.

Flanging:

Flanging is a stamping method that involves bending the edges of a material to create a flange, which is essential for joining or reinforcing components. In the automotive sector, flanging is used extensively in the assembly of various parts, including panels and housings. The ability to produce strong and secure connections through flanging enhances the durability and reliability of automotive structures. As manufacturers continue to innovate and streamline production processes, the demand for effective flanging techniques that support efficient assembly is expected to increase, further driving growth in the stamping market.

By Region

The automotive stamping market is segmented into several key regions, each exhibiting unique growth dynamics and market characteristics. North America, particularly the United States, is a significant player in the automotive stamping industry, driven by established automotive manufacturers and a strong consumer base. The region is expected to witness steady growth, with a projected CAGR of approximately 3.5% over the forecast period. The shift towards electric vehicles and the need for lightweight components will drive ongoing investments in stamping technologies, enhancing production capabilities and efficiency. Additionally, the region's focus on modernizing manufacturing processes and adopting advanced technologies is expected to support market expansion.

Europe is another critical region for the automotive stamping market, characterized by a robust automotive sector and stringent regulations promoting sustainability and safety. The presence of leading automotive manufacturers and a growing emphasis on electric vehicle production is expected to propel growth in this region. Additionally, the increasing demand for lightweight materials, such as aluminum and advanced steel grades, will necessitate innovative stamping solutions. The European automotive stamping market is projected to grow at a CAGR of around 4% during the forecast period, reflecting the region's commitment to technological advancements and eco-friendly production practices. The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is poised for significant growth, fueled by rising automotive production and demand for affordable vehicles.

Opportunities

The automotive stamping market presents numerous opportunities for growth and innovation, particularly in the context of evolving consumer preferences and technological advancements. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles, which require different designs and materials compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles. Manufacturers can leverage advanced stamping technologies to create lightweight, durable components that meet the specific requirements of EVs. This shift towards electrification not only opens new market segments but also encourages research and development into novel materials and stamping processes that can enhance vehicle performance and efficiency. Furthermore, as governments worldwide introduce stricter emissions regulations, automotive manufacturers are driven to adopt sustainable practices, which create additional opportunities for advanced stamping solutions that contribute to reduced environmental impact.

Another avenue for growth in the automotive stamping market is the ongoing trend towards automation and Industry 4.0. The integration of smart technologies and automation in manufacturing processes is revolutionizing how automotive components are produced. By adopting advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, manufacturers can optimize production efficiency, reduce downtime, and minimize waste. This not only enhances profitability but also allows companies to respond swiftly to changing market demands and consumer preferences. Moreover, the rise of the circular economy concept, which emphasizes recycling and reusing materials, presents opportunities for the automotive stamping industry to innovate and develop sustainable practices, ultimately leading to greater competitiveness in a rapidly evolving market landscape.

Threats

Despite the promising growth prospects, the automotive stamping market faces several threats that could impact its trajectory. One of the primary challenges is the volatility of raw material prices, particularly for metals such as steel and aluminum. Fluctuations in material costs can significantly affect profit margins for manufacturers, compelling them to either absorb the costs or pass them on to consumers, which could impact demand. Additionally, geopolitical tensions and trade disputes between major economies can lead to increased tariffs and supply chain disruptions, further complicating the sourcing of materials and components. Such uncertainties may hinder manufacturers' ability to effectively plan for production and growth, potentially stifling innovation in stamping technologies.

Furthermore, the automotive stamping industry is grappling with a skilled labor shortage as the workforce ages and new generations are less inclined to pursue careers in manufacturing. This shortage of skilled labor can impede production capabilities and hinder the adoption of advanced technologies that require specialized knowledge. As manufacturers increasingly turn towards automation and smart technologies, the need for highly skilled technicians and engineers becomes even more critical. Companies must invest in training and development programs to bridge this skills gap and ensure a workforce capable of driving future innovations in automotive stamping.

Competitor Outlook

• Magna International Inc.
• Gestamp Automoción S.A.
• Shiloh Industries, Inc.
• Thyssenkrupp AG
• American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.
• Friedrich B. D. GmbH
• Wüster GmbH
• Hirschvogel Holding GmbH
• Alcoa Corporation
• Valeo S.A.
• Jabil Inc.
• Fanuc Corporation
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
• Hitachi Ltd.
• Hyundai Wia Corporation

The competitive landscape of the automotive stamping market is characterized by the presence of both established players and emerging companies that are continually innovating to meet the demands of the automotive industry. Major companies like Magna International Inc. and Gestamp Automoción S.A. dominate the market with their extensive capabilities in manufacturing and design, leveraging advanced technologies to produce high-quality stamped components. These companies invest heavily in research and development to enhance their product offerings and maintain a competitive edge. Moreover, their global presence allows them to cater to a diverse customer base, ensuring they remain at the forefront of the industry.

Additionally, companies such as Thyssenkrupp AG and American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. are focusing on expanding their portfolios through strategic acquisitions and partnerships. This approach not only enhances their technological capabilities but also enables them to enter new markets and diversify their product offerings. The emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendly practices is leading these companies to explore innovative stamping solutions that minimize waste and reduce environmental impact. Furthermore, the growing trend towards electric vehicles is prompting established manufacturers to invest in new technologies and processes that support the production of lightweight and efficient components, positioning them favorably for future growth.

Emerging players in the automotive stamping market are also making significant strides, particularly in niche markets where specialized products and services are required. Companies such as Alcoa Corporation and Valeo S.A. are focusing on developing advanced materials and stamping technologies that cater to specific applications within the automotive sector. For example, Alcoa's commitment to sustainability and innovation has positioned it as a leader in aluminum stamping solutions, which are increasingly sought after in light of the industry's focus on weight reduction and fuel efficiency. These developments highlight the dynamic nature of the automotive stamping market, where both established and new entrants are vying for market share through innovation and strategic initiatives.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Jabil Inc.
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Valeo S.A.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Hitachi Ltd.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Thyssenkrupp AG
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Alcoa Corporation
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Fanuc Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Wüster GmbH
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Friedrich B. D. GmbH
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Hyundai Wia Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Shiloh Industries, Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Hirschvogel Holding GmbH
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Magna International Inc.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Gestamp Automoción S.A.
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Automotive Stamping Market, By Technology
    • 6.1.1 Blanking
    • 6.1.2 Embossing
    • 6.1.3 Bending
    • 6.1.4 Coining
    • 6.1.5 Flanging
  • 6.2 Automotive Stamping Market, By Application
    • 6.2.1 Body
    • 6.2.2 Chassis
    • 6.2.3 Powertrain
    • 6.2.4 Interior
    • 6.2.5 Electrical & Electronics
  • 6.3 Automotive Stamping Market, By Product Type
    • 6.3.1 Hot Stamping
    • 6.3.2 Cold Stamping
    • 6.3.3 Progressive Die Stamping
    • 6.3.4 Deep Drawn Stamping
    • 6.3.5 Transfer Stamping
  • 6.4 Automotive Stamping Market, By Material Type
    • 6.4.1 Steel
    • 6.4.2 Aluminum
    • 6.4.3 Copper
    • 6.4.4 Magnesium
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Automotive Stamping Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Automotive Stamping market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Hot Stamping
• Cold Stamping
• Progressive Die Stamping
• Deep Drawn Stamping
• Transfer Stamping

By Application

• Body
• Chassis
• Powertrain
• Interior
• Electrical & Electronics

By Material Type

• Steel
• Aluminum
• Copper
• Magnesium
• Others

By Technology

• Blanking
• Embossing
• Bending
• Coining
• Flanging

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Magna International Inc.
• Gestamp Automoción S.A.
• Shiloh Industries, Inc.
• Thyssenkrupp AG
• American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.
• Friedrich B. D. GmbH
• Wüster GmbH
• Hirschvogel Holding GmbH
• Alcoa Corporation
• Valeo S.A.
• Jabil Inc.
• Fanuc Corporation
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
• Hitachi Ltd.
• Hyundai Wia Corporation