Automotive Laminating Adhesives

Automotive Laminating Adhesives Market Outlook

The global automotive laminating adhesives market is projected to reach approximately USD 5.5 billion by 2035, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% from 2025 to 2035. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for lightweight materials in the automotive sector, as manufacturers are striving to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Additionally, the rising trend of electric vehicles is further propelling the demand for specialized adhesives to meet the unique requirements of electric and hybrid vehicles. Technological advancements in adhesive formulations, which improve performance and durability, along with the need for strong bonding in various automotive applications, are also significant factors contributing to this market's expansion. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on vehicle safety and aesthetic appeal is leading automotive manufacturers to adopt advanced laminating adhesives in their production processes.

Growth Factor of the Market

The automotive laminating adhesives market is experiencing robust growth due to several key factors. First, the automotive industry's shift towards lightweight materials, such as composites and plastics, is driving the need for adhesives that can provide strong bonds without adding significant weight. This aligns with the industry’s goal of improving fuel efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, the rise in electric vehicle production, which requires adhesives with specific thermal and electrical properties, is creating new market opportunities. Additionally, the increasing focus on vehicle aesthetics and interior design is prompting manufacturers to invest in high-quality laminating adhesives that enhance appearance without compromising functionality. Market players are also innovating by developing environmentally friendly adhesive options, catering to the growing consumer preference for sustainable products. Lastly, the expansion of automotive manufacturing in emerging economies is further fueling demand for reliable laminating adhesives.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Increasing demand for lightweight vehicles is a major growth driver.
• Electric vehicle production is creating specific demands for advanced adhesives.
• Technological advancements in adhesive formulations are improving performance.
• Growing environmental concerns are leading to the development of eco-friendly adhesives.

By Product Type

Polyurethane Adhesives:

Polyurethane adhesives are gaining significant traction in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their excellent bonding strength and flexibility. They are particularly favored for applications requiring high durability and resistance to moisture and chemicals. Their versatility allows these adhesives to be used in various automotive components, including interior and exterior laminates. Furthermore, the ability of polyurethane adhesives to adhere to different substrates, such as metals, plastics, and composites, enhances their appeal in the automotive sector. These adhesives also offer excellent performance in extreme temperatures, making them suitable for use in vehicles subjected to varied climate conditions. As automotive manufacturers continue to prioritize performance and reliability, the demand for polyurethane adhesives is expected to remain strong.

Epoxy Adhesives:

Epoxy adhesives are renowned for their superior strength and resistance to heat and chemicals, making them an ideal choice for structural bonding applications in the automotive industry. These adhesives provide exceptional adhesion to various surfaces, including metals and plastics, which is crucial for modern vehicle designs. Epoxy adhesives are particularly beneficial for applications involving under-the-hood components and electrical systems, where durability and thermal resistance are paramount. The rigid nature of epoxy adhesives contributes to the structural integrity of assembled parts, ensuring long-lasting performance. As the automotive industry continues to evolve towards more complex designs and materials, the use of epoxy adhesives is anticipated to grow steadily.

Acrylic Adhesives:

Acrylic adhesives are increasingly being utilized in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their rapid curing time and excellent UV stability. They are particularly effective for bonding plastics and composites, which are widely used in automotive manufacturing. The ability of acrylic adhesives to maintain strong bonds under various environmental conditions makes them suitable for both interior and exterior applications. Furthermore, acrylic adhesives offer good resistance to moisture and chemicals, ensuring reliable performance in harsh automotive environments. As manufacturers look for efficient bonding solutions that reduce production times, acrylic adhesives are likely to see heightened adoption in the automotive sector.

Silicone Adhesives:

Silicone adhesives are favored in the automotive industry for their flexibility and resistance to extreme temperatures, making them ideal for applications requiring thermal stability. These adhesives are particularly effective in sealing and bonding applications within vehicles, including under-the-hood components and electrical systems. Silicone adhesives also boast excellent adhesion to a wide variety of substrates, which is essential as automotive designs increasingly incorporate different materials. Additionally, their resistance to weathering and UV exposure enhances their suitability for exterior applications. As the demand for reliable and durable automotive components grows, the use of silicone adhesives is projected to increase significantly.

Rubber Adhesives:

Rubber adhesives play a vital role in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their excellent elasticity and bonding capabilities. They are commonly used in applications that require flexible bonding solutions, such as in interior laminates and weatherproofing. The inherent flexibility of rubber adhesives allows for movement and vibration absorption, making them suitable for various automotive applications. Furthermore, these adhesives exhibit good resistance to moisture and chemicals, ensuring durability in automotive environments. As the automotive industry seeks to enhance comfort and performance, the utilization of rubber adhesives is expected to rise, particularly in aftermarket applications where customization and modification are prevalent.

By Application

Interior Laminates:

Interior laminates are a significant application segment for automotive laminating adhesives, as manufacturers prioritize aesthetics and comfort in vehicle design. Adhesives used for interior laminates must offer strong adhesion while allowing for flexibility in design and material choice. The trend towards personalized and luxurious interiors is driving demand for high-quality laminating adhesives that can support a variety of surfaces, from upholstery to dashboard components. As consumers increasingly value interior aesthetics, the automotive industry is compelled to innovate in this area, which further propels the need for effective adhesive solutions in interior laminating applications.

Exterior Laminates:

Exterior laminates in automotive applications require adhesives that not only provide strong bonding but also withstand harsh environmental conditions. The laminating adhesives used in this segment must demonstrate excellent resistance to UV radiation, moisture, and extreme temperatures. As automotive manufacturers focus on enhancing vehicle durability and longevity, the demand for reliable exterior laminating adhesives continues to grow. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of composite materials in vehicle exteriors is creating opportunities for specialized adhesive solutions that offer superior bonding capabilities. The aesthetic appeal of exterior designs also contributes to the demand for high-performance laminating adhesives in this segment.

Under the Hood Laminates:

Under the hood laminates represent a critical application area for automotive laminating adhesives, as they require adhesives with specific thermal and chemical resistance properties. These adhesives must withstand high temperatures and exposure to automotive fluids, making them essential for the longevity and safety of vehicle components. The shift towards advanced engine technologies, including electric and hybrid vehicles, is further driving the need for specialized adhesives that can meet new performance criteria. As the automotive industry continues to prioritize performance and reliability, the importance of under the hood laminating adhesives will only increase, propelling market growth in this segment.

Electrical System Laminates:

The use of laminating adhesives in electrical systems is crucial for ensuring the safety and functionality of automotive components, especially in electric and hybrid vehicles. These adhesives must exhibit excellent electrical insulation properties while providing strong adhesion to various substrates. The increasing complexity of automotive electrical systems, coupled with the rise in electric vehicle production, is driving demand for reliable laminating adhesives in this segment. Manufacturers are focusing on developing adhesives that can withstand thermal cycling and mechanical stress, ensuring the integrity of electrical connections. As such, the electrical system application is poised for significant growth in the automotive laminating adhesives market.

Structural Bonding:

Structural bonding is a vital application for automotive laminating adhesives, as it plays a significant role in ensuring the overall strength and safety of vehicle structures. Adhesives used in structural bonding must provide exceptional bonding strength and durability, particularly in high-stress areas. The increasing use of lightweight materials in vehicle manufacturing necessitates the development of advanced adhesive solutions that can meet these requirements. Moreover, as safety regulations become more stringent, automotive manufacturers are compelled to adopt adhesives that enhance structural integrity and crashworthiness. Consequently, the structural bonding segment is expected to witness substantial growth as automotive designs evolve to prioritize both safety and performance.

By Distribution Channel

OEMs:

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) play a crucial role in the automotive laminating adhesives market, as they are responsible for the initial application of adhesives in vehicle manufacturing. The demand for quality adhesives from OEMs is driven by the need for reliable bonding solutions that meet stringent industry standards. OEMs often require adhesives that can provide consistent performance across various applications and conditions. Additionally, as automotive manufacturers increasingly adopt advanced materials and designs, the demand for innovative adhesive solutions continues to grow. The importance of strong partnerships between adhesive suppliers and OEMs is evident, as these collaborations foster the development of tailored solutions that address specific automotive challenges.

Aftermarket:

The aftermarket distribution channel for automotive laminating adhesives is expanding as vehicle owners seek to enhance or modify their vehicles post-manufacturing. Aftermarket adhesives must offer excellent usability and performance, catering to a diverse range of applications, from repairs to customization. The growing trend of vehicle personalization and modifications is driving demand for high-quality adhesive solutions that can meet the unique requirements of aftermarket applications. Additionally, as consumers increasingly seek DIY solutions, the availability of user-friendly adhesive products is becoming a significant factor in the aftermarket segment. This trend presents opportunities for adhesive manufacturers to develop products specifically geared towards the needs of automotive enthusiasts and everyday consumers alike.

By Ingredient Type

Thermoset Adhesives:

Thermoset adhesives are widely used in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their ability to provide strong, durable bonds that can withstand high temperatures and stresses. These adhesives undergo a chemical change during curing, resulting in a hardened structure that offers excellent mechanical properties. Thermoset adhesives are particularly suitable for structural bonding applications, where long-lasting performance is crucial. Their resistance to environmental factors such as moisture and chemicals makes them ideal for use in various automotive settings, including under-the-hood components. As the automotive industry increasingly prioritizes safety and performance, the demand for thermoset adhesives is expected to rise significantly.

Thermoplastic Adhesives:

Thermoplastic adhesives are gaining popularity in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their ease of processing and reusability. These adhesives can be melted and remolded, allowing for flexible applications in various automotive components. Their ability to bond dissimilar materials makes them particularly useful in modern vehicle designs, where a combination of materials is often employed. Thermoplastic adhesives also offer good adhesion to plastics and composites, which are prevalent in automotive manufacturing. As sustainability becomes a more significant concern in the automotive sector, the recyclability of thermoplastic adhesives is likely to enhance their appeal.

Reactive Adhesives:

Reactive adhesives are essential in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their ability to form strong bonds through chemical reactions during curing. These adhesives are typically used in applications that require high strength and durability, such as structural bonding and under-the-hood components. The versatility of reactive adhesives allows them to bond a variety of substrates, making them suitable for different automotive applications. Additionally, their performance in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and exposure to automotive fluids, positions them as a reliable choice for automotive manufacturers. As the demand for high-performance bonding solutions grows, the use of reactive adhesives is expected to increase.

Solvent-Based Adhesives:

Solvent-based adhesives are a traditional option in the automotive laminating adhesives market, known for their excellent bonding strength and versatility. These adhesives contain solvents that evaporate during the curing process, allowing for strong adhesion to various materials. However, the environmental concerns surrounding volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solvent-based adhesives have prompted a shift towards more eco-friendly alternatives. Despite this trend, solvent-based adhesives still find applications in specific automotive settings where high performance is required. The balance between performance and environmental impact will continue to shape the future of solvent-based adhesives in the automotive sector.

Water-Based Adhesives:

Water-based adhesives are gaining traction in the automotive laminating adhesives market due to their low environmental impact and safety profile. These adhesives utilize water as a solvent, making them more eco-friendly compared to solvent-based options. The growing regulatory pressure for environmentally sustainable practices in the automotive industry is driving manufacturers to adopt water-based adhesives for various applications. These adhesives also offer good adhesion properties and versatility, making them suitable for a range of automotive components, including interior laminates. As consumer awareness of environmental issues rises, the demand for water-based adhesives is expected to increase significantly, presenting opportunities for innovative formulations.

By Region

The automotive laminating adhesives market is broadly segmented by region, with North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa playing significant roles in its growth. North America holds a substantial share of the market, driven by the presence of major automotive manufacturers and a strong demand for innovative adhesive solutions. The region is expected to witness a CAGR of approximately 5.8% during the forecast period, attributable to the growing electric vehicle market and advancements in adhesive technology. Additionally, the increasing emphasis on vehicle safety and performance further propels the growth of the laminating adhesives market in North America.

Europe also represents a significant market for automotive laminating adhesives, owing to stringent automotive regulations and a focus on sustainability. The European automotive industry is shifting towards lightweight materials and electric vehicles, driving demand for advanced adhesive solutions. The region is projected to experience steady growth as manufacturers seek to enhance vehicle performance and meet regulatory standards. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to emerge as the fastest-growing market, with a CAGR of over 7% during the forecast period. Factors contributing to this growth include the rising automotive production in countries like China and India, along with increasing consumer demand for high-performance vehicles.

Opportunities

The automotive laminating adhesives market is ripe with opportunities, particularly as manufacturers shift their focus towards sustainable and high-performance adhesive solutions. The increasing production of electric vehicles presents a significant opportunity for adhesive manufacturers to develop specialized products that meet the unique requirements of EV components. As the automotive industry continues to innovate and adopt advanced materials, the demand for reliable and effective bonding solutions will only grow. Additionally, the trend towards vehicle personalization and customization in the aftermarket sector opens up avenues for adhesive manufacturers to create user-friendly products tailored for specific consumer needs.

Moreover, the growing awareness of environmental issues and the push for eco-friendly automotive solutions are driving the demand for water-based and bio-based adhesives. Manufacturers that can develop sustainable adhesive products while maintaining performance and reliability will have a competitive advantage in the market. The expansion of vehicle production in emerging markets is another opportunity for growth, as these regions increasingly adopt advanced automotive technologies. By aligning their product offerings with industry trends and consumer preferences, adhesive manufacturers can capitalize on the numerous opportunities present in the automotive laminating adhesives market.

Threats

Despite the growth prospects in the automotive laminating adhesives market, several threats could hinder market expansion. One notable threat is the volatility of raw material prices, which can significantly impact production costs for adhesive manufacturers. Fluctuations in the cost of key ingredients, such as resins and solvents, may lead to increased prices for end products, potentially deterring customers and affecting profit margins. Additionally, the growing competition from alternative bonding technologies, such as mechanical fasteners and welding, may challenge the adoption of adhesives in certain applications, particularly in cost-sensitive markets. As automotive manufacturers continue to innovate and explore diverse bonding solutions, adhesive manufacturers must continually adapt to stay competitive.

Another critical factor to consider is the increasing regulatory pressure for low VOC emissions and environmentally friendly products. While this trend presents opportunities for sustainable solutions, it also poses challenges for manufacturers of traditional solvent-based adhesives, which may face restrictions or declining demand. Companies that fail to comply with evolving regulations may find themselves at a disadvantage. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancements in the automotive industry means that adhesive manufacturers must invest in research and development to keep up with changing requirements. Failing to innovate in response to industry trends could limit a company's market presence and competitiveness.

Competitor Outlook

• Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
• 3M Company
• Dow Inc.
• H.B. Fuller Company
• Sika AG
• Lord Corporation
• BASF SE
• ITW Performance Polymers
• Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
• Arkema Group
• Jowat SE
• Master Bond Inc.
• Adhesive Technologies
• Scigrip
• Coim Group

The competitive landscape of the automotive laminating adhesives market is characterized by the presence of several key players who are actively investing in research and development to innovate and improve their product offerings. These companies are focusing on developing advanced adhesive solutions that meet the evolving demands of the automotive industry. The competition is further intensified by the growing tendency for mergers and acquisitions, as companies seek to expand their market reach and enhance their technological capabilities. The need for differentiation through product quality and performance is paramount, leading firms to adopt various strategies, including forming strategic partnerships and collaborations to leverage each other's strengths.

Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, a leading player in the adhesives market, is known for its extensive product portfolio that includes various laminating adhesives tailored for automotive applications. With a strong focus on sustainability, Henkel is continuously developing innovative adhesive solutions to meet the needs of modern automotive manufacturing. Similarly, 3M Company is recognized for its commitment to research and innovation, offering a wide range of adhesives that provide superior performance and meet stringent industry standards. Their extensive experience in the automotive sector positions them well to address changing market requirements.

Dow Inc. is another key competitor, known for its advanced polymer technologies and strong presence in the automotive adhesives market. Dow's commitment to sustainability and innovation has led to the development of high-performance adhesive solutions that cater to the demands of electric vehicles and lightweight materials. H.B. Fuller Company is also making significant strides in the automotive laminating adhesives market, focusing on providing versatile adhesive solutions that offer strong bonds and durability. Their dedication to customer collaboration and understanding of market trends plays a vital role in their competitive positioning.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 BASF SE
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Scigrip
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Sika AG
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Dow Inc.
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Jowat SE
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 3M Company
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Coim Group
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Arkema Group
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Lord Corporation
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Master Bond Inc.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 H.B. Fuller Company
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Adhesive Technologies
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 ITW Performance Polymers
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Automotive Laminating Adhesives Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Interior Laminates
    • 6.1.2 Exterior Laminates
    • 6.1.3 Under the Hood Laminates
    • 6.1.4 Electrical System Laminates
    • 6.1.5 Structural Bonding
  • 6.2 Automotive Laminating Adhesives Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Polyurethane Adhesives
    • 6.2.2 Epoxy Adhesives
    • 6.2.3 Acrylic Adhesives
    • 6.2.4 Silicone Adhesives
    • 6.2.5 Rubber Adhesives
  • 6.3 Automotive Laminating Adhesives Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Thermoset Adhesives
    • 6.3.2 Thermoplastic Adhesives
    • 6.3.3 Reactive Adhesives
    • 6.3.4 Solvent-Based Adhesives
    • 6.3.5 Water-Based Adhesives

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Automotive Laminating Adhesives Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Automotive Laminating Adhesives market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Polyurethane Adhesives
• Epoxy Adhesives
• Acrylic Adhesives
• Silicone Adhesives
• Rubber Adhesives

By Application

• Interior Laminates
• Exterior Laminates
• Under the Hood Laminates
• Electrical System Laminates
• Structural Bonding

By Ingredient Type

• Thermoset Adhesives
• Thermoplastic Adhesives
• Reactive Adhesives
• Solvent-Based Adhesives
• Water-Based Adhesives

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
• 3M Company
• Dow Inc.
• H.B. Fuller Company
• Sika AG
• Lord Corporation
• BASF SE
• ITW Performance Polymers
• Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
• Arkema Group
• Jowat SE
• Master Bond Inc.
• Adhesive Technologies
• Scigrip
• Coim Group