Atomised Ferro Silicon

Atomised Ferro Silicon Market Outlook

The global Atomised Ferro Silicon market is projected to reach USD 12.5 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. The growth of this market is primarily driven by the increasing demand for ferro silicon in the steel and metallurgy industries, where it serves as a vital alloying agent, enhancing the strength and durability of steel products. Furthermore, the rising infrastructure development and construction activities across the globe are significantly contributing to the consumption of steel, thereby boosting the demand for atomised ferro silicon. Another important factor is the growing automotive industry, which relies on high-quality steel alloys for manufacturing vehicles. Additionally, advancements in production technologies are improving the efficiency and quality of ferro silicon, further propelling market growth.

Growth Factor of the Market

One of the primary growth factors for the Atomised Ferro Silicon market is the escalating demand from the steel industry, which is expected to continue rising due to urbanization and industrialization in emerging economies. The rapid growth in construction and infrastructure projects is leading to an increased requirement for high-strength steel, which, in turn, enhances the consumption of ferro silicon. Additionally, the increased focus on reducing carbon emissions in the metallurgy process promotes the use of ferro silicon as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Moreover, technological advancements in the manufacturing process of ferro silicon are making it more cost-effective, thereby widening its application range across various industries. The growing trend of using ferro silicon in welding electrodes also contributes to its increased demand. As global economies recover post-pandemic, the surge in industrial activities is anticipated to create significant growth opportunities for the atomised ferro silicon market.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global Atomised Ferro Silicon market is expected to reach USD 12.5 billion by 2035.
• CAGR of 6.2% is anticipated from 2025 to 2035.
• Increased demand from the steel and metallurgy industries fuels market growth.
• Technological advancements are improving production efficiency and quality.
• Growing applications in welding electrodes highlight expanding market opportunities.

By Product Type

Ferro Silicon 15%:

Ferro Silicon 15% is primarily used in the production of low-silicon steel and is favored for its cost-effectiveness. This product type is essential for industries that require moderate silicon levels in their alloys. The production process involves reducing iron oxide with silicon, resulting in a material that enhances the physical properties of steel while remaining economical. Its application is particularly prominent in the construction and automotive sectors, where a balance between performance and cost is crucial. As these industries expand, the demand for Ferro Silicon 15% is expected to increase steadily, driven by the requirement for versatile alloying solutions that meet specific engineering standards.

Ferro Silicon 45%:

This product type serves as a critical alloying agent in the steel manufacturing process, especially for producing medium-grade steel. Ferro Silicon 45% is recognized for its excellent deoxidation properties, which help in removing oxygen from molten steel. Its usage is prevalent in the foundry sector, where it is utilized to create castings that require enhanced mechanical properties. The market for Ferro Silicon 45% is expected to flourish as advancements in metallurgical processes lead to the production of higher quality steel products. The increase in automotive manufacturing and machinery production further propels the need for Ferro Silicon 45%, as manufacturers seek materials that provide superior durability and performance.

Ferro Silicon 75%:

Ferro Silicon 75% is a higher-grade ferro silicon, primarily used in applications that require significant strength and durability. Its high silicon content makes it an ideal candidate for producing high-strength steel, which is essential in construction, automotive, and heavy machinery industries. The demand for Ferro Silicon 75% is anticipated to rise as global infrastructure projects gain momentum and the need for robust materials becomes more prevalent. Furthermore, the increasing focus on energy-efficient production processes in the steel industry is also driving the adoption of Ferro Silicon 75%, as it helps in reducing overall production costs while maintaining quality standards.

Ferro Silicon 90%:

This variant of ferro silicon is known for its exceptional purity and is often used in specialized applications where high silicon content is necessary. Ferro Silicon 90% is particularly prevalent in the aerospace and military industries, where performance specifications are stringent. The ability of Ferro Silicon 90% to provide superior mechanical properties makes it a preferred choice for manufacturers looking to create innovative metal products. As technology progresses and demand for high-performance alloys increases, the market for Ferro Silicon 90% is expected to grow significantly, supported by its critical role in advanced metallurgical applications.

Ferro Silicon 95%:

Ferro Silicon 95% is at the top end of the product spectrum, known for its high silicon content and exceptional performance in various metallurgical applications. This product is primarily used in the production of high-quality alloys and specialty steels that require minimal impurities. The aerospace and automotive industries particularly benefit from the enhanced properties that Ferro Silicon 95% provides, such as improved corrosion resistance and tensile strength. As industries strive for higher performance materials, the demand for Ferro Silicon 95% is expected to surge, driven by technological advances and the need for sophisticated alloying solutions that can withstand extreme operational conditions.

By Application

Steel Industry:

The steel industry is the largest consumer of atomised ferro silicon, accounting for a significant share of its overall demand. Ferro silicon acts as a vital alloying agent, improving the deoxidation process in steelmaking and enhancing the strength and durability of the final product. With increasing infrastructure development and growing urbanization, the demand for steel is projected to rise, consequently driving up the consumption of ferro silicon. Additionally, the trend toward producing high-strength and lightweight steel products aligns with the growing adoption of atomised ferro silicon in steel manufacturing. As steel production ramps up globally, the steel industry's ever-evolving requirements will continue to support the growth of the atomised ferro silicon market.

Foundry:

In the foundry sector, atomised ferro silicon is utilized to improve the mechanical properties of cast iron products. It serves as an effective deoxidizing agent, preventing oxidation during the melting and pouring processes. The foundry industry is experiencing a resurgence, fueled by new technologies and the growing demand for precision casting in automotive and machinery manufacturing. As manufacturers seek materials that provide enhanced performance and reliability, the use of ferro silicon in foundry applications is anticipated to grow. The resurgence of the foundry sector, coupled with increasing production volumes, will further drive the demand for atomised ferro silicon in the coming years.

Welding Electrodes:

The application of atomised ferro silicon in welding electrodes has gained significant traction due to its ability to improve the welding process and enhance the properties of the weld metal. Ferro silicon helps to refine the microstructure of the weld, providing excellent mechanical properties and resistance to cracking. As the demand for high-quality welding applications increases, particularly in the construction and manufacturing sectors, the use of atomised ferro silicon in welding electrodes is expected to see substantial growth. The trend toward automation and advanced welding techniques further augments the demand, as manufacturers seek to improve efficiency and quality in their operations.

Metallurgy:

Atomised ferro silicon plays a crucial role in various metallurgical processes, serving as an essential alloying element that enhances the overall performance of metals. Its ability to act as a deoxidizer and reduce the melting point of metals makes it indispensable in producing high-quality alloys. The metallurgy sector is witnessing growth owing to the increasing demand for specialty metals and alloys across various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. As manufacturers seek to innovate and improve the properties of their metal products, the demand for atomised ferro silicon within metallurgy applications is expected to expand, driven by evolving industry standards and specifications.

Others:

In addition to the primary applications mentioned, atomised ferro silicon finds use in various other industries, including chemical manufacturing, electronics, and energy production. Its versatile properties enable it to be applied in diverse settings, providing benefits such as improved conductivity and corrosion resistance. As industries increasingly adopt advanced materials and seek sustainable solutions, the role of atomised ferro silicon in these niche applications is likely to grow. Overall, the expansion of its applications beyond traditional sectors reflects the adaptability and essential nature of atomised ferro silicon in meeting modern industrial challenges.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales remain a significant distribution channel for atomised ferro silicon, allowing manufacturers to maintain close relationships with their customers and ensure consistent quality. This channel offers advantages such as personalized service, immediate feedback, and tailored solutions to meet specific customer requirements. As companies expand their operations and seek to establish direct connections with end-users, the role of direct sales in the atomised ferro silicon market is expected to grow. Furthermore, as industries seek reliable and quality supply sources, manufacturers are increasingly leveraging direct sales strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and boost loyalty.

Distributors:

Distributors play a crucial role in the atomised ferro silicon market, acting as intermediaries between manufacturers and end-users. They provide essential services such as warehousing, logistics, and inventory management, ensuring that customers have timely access to products. The distributor network is especially important for reaching smaller players and emerging markets, where direct sales might not be feasible. As the demand for atomised ferro silicon continues to rise, the reliance on distributors is expected to grow, allowing manufacturers to expand their market reach and enhance product availability while maintaining efficiency in their operations.

Online Retail:

With the advancement of technology and the increasing shift towards digitalization, online retail has emerged as a growing distribution channel for atomised ferro silicon. This channel provides manufacturers and suppliers the opportunity to reach a broader audience, facilitating easier access to products for customers worldwide. The convenience of online shopping allows buyers to compare prices, specifications, and delivery options, making informed purchasing decisions. As more companies embrace e-commerce, the online retail channel is expected to witness significant growth in the atomised ferro silicon market, driven by changing consumer behavior and the ongoing digital transformation across industries.

By Ingredient Type

Silicon:

Silicon serves as the primary ingredient in the production of atomised ferro silicon, contributing to its essential properties and functionality. Its presence in the alloy enhances the deoxidation process during steelmaking, ensuring the production of high-quality steel with minimal impurities. As the demand for silicon in metallurgy applications continues to rise, the market for atomised ferro silicon will benefit from the growing need for silicon-rich materials. The expanding use of silicon in various industries, such as electronics and renewable energy, further reinforces the significance of silicon as a critical ingredient in atomised ferro silicon.

Iron:

Iron is another vital component in the formulation of atomised ferro silicon, providing the base material necessary for its production. The quality and purity of iron used significantly affect the overall properties of the final product. As the demand for high-quality alloys increases across various sectors, the selection of iron as an ingredient becomes increasingly important. The ongoing growth of the steel industry, coupled with the rising need for durable and reliable materials, will likely enhance the demand for iron in atomised ferro silicon production. Manufacturers are therefore focused on sourcing high-grade iron to meet the evolving market requirements.

Carbon:

Carbon is often incorporated into the production of atomised ferro silicon to adjust the alloy's properties and enhance its performance in specific applications. The presence of carbon improves the hardness and strength of the final product, making it suitable for various industries, including automotive and construction. As end-users seek materials that provide enhanced mechanical properties, the demand for carbon-containing ferro silicon products is expected to increase. Manufacturers are continuously exploring innovative approaches to optimize the carbon content in atomised ferro silicon, ensuring they meet the diverse needs of their customers.

Aluminum:

Aluminum is another valuable ingredient in atomised ferro silicon, contributing to its overall performance and versatility in metallurgical applications. The addition of aluminum can improve the fluidity of molten metal, making it easier to cast and mold, thereby enhancing production efficiency. Furthermore, aluminum helps to reduce the weight of the final metal products, which is increasingly important in industries such as automotive and aerospace. As the demand for lightweight materials continues to grow, the incorporation of aluminum in atomised ferro silicon will likely see an upward trend, driven by evolving industry standards and preferences.

Other Alloying Elements:

In addition to the primary ingredients, various other alloying elements are often included in the formulation of atomised ferro silicon to achieve specific properties required for different applications. These elements may include manganese, magnesium, and chromium, each contributing unique characteristics to the alloy. The customization of ferro silicon formulations to meet the precise needs of manufacturers is becoming increasingly common, reflecting the trend toward tailored solutions in the market. As industrial processes become more sophisticated and specialized, the demand for atomised ferro silicon that incorporates various alloying elements is expected to grow, driven by the need for enhanced performance and functionality.

By Region

The Atomised Ferro Silicon market is witnessing diverse growth across various regions, with Asia Pacific leading the charge. This region is projected to account for approximately 40% of the global market share by 2035, fueled by rapid industrialization and urbanization in countries like China and India. The steel production output in Asia Pacific is among the highest globally, with increasing investments in infrastructure projects and automotive manufacturing further boosting demand for atomised ferro silicon. The region is expected to experience a robust CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period, reflecting its crucial role in the global ferro silicon market.

North America is also a significant contributor to the Atomised Ferro Silicon market, expected to hold a share of around 25% by 2035. The presence of well-established steel manufacturing industries and the growing automotive sector are primary drivers of demand for atomised ferro silicon in this region. Furthermore, the shift towards advanced manufacturing technologies and sustainable practices within the steel industry is projected to create substantial growth opportunities. Europe, with a market share of approximately 20%, is witnessing a trend toward high-quality steel production with stringent regulations, thereby emphasizing the use of high-grade ferro silicon products. Overall, the regional dynamics highlight significant growth potential across key markets, supported by industry-specific drivers.

Opportunities

The Atomised Ferro Silicon market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly in emerging economies where industrialization is rapidly advancing. As countries in Asia Pacific and Latin America continue to develop their infrastructure, the demand for high-quality steel will inevitably rise. This creates a favorable environment for manufacturers of atomised ferro silicon to expand their operations and enhance production capabilities. Furthermore, the ongoing technological advancements in ferro silicon production processes could lead to the development of more cost-effective and environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques. Companies that embrace these innovations will have a competitive advantage in the market, positioning themselves favorably to capitalize on the increasing demand for ferro silicon in various industries.

Moreover, the rising emphasis on sustainability and reducing carbon emissions is prompting industries to adopt greener alternatives in their metallurgical processes. As a result, atomised ferro silicon, known for its efficient deoxidation properties and reduced environmental impact, is well-positioned to become a preferred choice for manufacturers looking to meet stringent regulations. Additionally, the growing applications of atomised ferro silicon in niche markets such as electronics and renewable energy further diversify its usage and create new avenues for growth. Overall, the Atomised Ferro Silicon market is poised for expansion, driven by evolving industry trends and the increasing need for high-performance alloys.

Threats

Despite the positive outlook for the Atomised Ferro Silicon market, several threats could impact its growth trajectory. One of the primary concerns is fluctuating raw material prices, which can significantly affect production costs and profit margins for manufacturers. As the prices of key components like silicon and iron vary due to market conditions or geopolitical tensions, companies may face challenges in maintaining competitiveness while ensuring product quality and affordability. Additionally, supply chain disruptions, which have become more prevalent during recent global events, could hinder the timely delivery of raw materials and finished products, potentially leading to lost business opportunities and strained customer relationships.

Moreover, the increasing competition from alternative materials and substitutes presents a significant threat to the Atomised Ferro Silicon market. As industries continue to innovate and explore new materials that offer comparable or superior properties, the demand for traditional ferro silicon products could decline. Companies must continuously engage in research and development to enhance their product offerings and stay ahead of competitors. Furthermore, market saturation in some regions could lead to price wars, further impacting profitability. Therefore, it is crucial for manufacturers to remain agile and responsive to market dynamics to mitigate these threats effectively.

Competitor Outlook

• Elkem ASA
• Ferroglobe PLC
• Hawkins Inc.
• China National Chemical Corporation
• Consolidated Minerals Limited
• Simcoa Operations Pty Ltd
• Rima Group
• Jiangxi Black Cat Carbon Black Inc.
• Omkar Ferro Alloys Pvt Ltd
• Midwest Ferroalloys
• MSP Steel & Power Ltd.
• American Elements
• Welco Limited
• Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation
• Pacific Alloy Casting Company

The competitive landscape of the Atomised Ferro Silicon market is characterized by the presence of several key players, each striving to enhance their market position through innovative products and strategic collaborations. Major companies such as Elkem ASA and Ferroglobe PLC are leading the charge, leveraging their extensive experience in ferro alloys and commitment to sustainability. Elkem, a prominent player in the silicon and silicon-based advanced materials industry, is known for its high-quality ferro silicon products and continuous investment in R&D to promote innovation. Ferroglobe, a global leader in the silicon industry, emphasizes operational efficiency and sustainable practices, focusing on delivering value-added solutions to its customers. These companies' global reach and strong supply chains enable them to respond effectively to changing market dynamics and customer needs.

Other significant players include Hawkins Inc. and China National Chemical Corporation, both of which play crucial roles in the atomised ferro silicon supply chain. Hawkins Inc. has established a reputation for delivering high-quality ferro silicon products, catering to various industrial applications. On the other hand, China National Chemical Corporation is a major global player with a robust portfolio of ferro alloys, particularly in the Asian market. Their extensive distribution networks and strong manufacturing capabilities allow them to maintain a competitive edge in the rapidly evolving ferro silicon landscape. As market demands change, these companies will continue to adapt and innovate to stay ahead.

Additionally, regional players such as Omkar Ferro Alloys Pvt Ltd and Jiangxi Black Cat Carbon Black Inc. are gaining traction in their respective markets. Omkar Ferro Alloys specializes in producing a range of ferro alloys, including atomised ferro silicon, and is recognized for its commitment to quality and customer service. Similarly, Jiangxi Black Cat Carbon Black Inc. leverages its strong manufacturing capabilities to produce high-quality ferro silicon for various applications. The presence of these regional players adds diversity and competition to the market, driving innovation and ensuring a wide range of options for customers seeking ferro silicon solutions.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Elkem ASA
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Rima Group
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Hawkins Inc.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Welco Limited
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Ferroglobe PLC
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 American Elements
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Midwest Ferroalloys
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 MSP Steel & Power Ltd.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Simcoa Operations Pty Ltd
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Omkar Ferro Alloys Pvt Ltd
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Consolidated Minerals Limited
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Pacific Alloy Casting Company
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 China National Chemical Corporation
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Jiangxi Black Cat Carbon Black Inc.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Atomised Ferro Silicon Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Steel Industry
    • 6.1.2 Foundry
    • 6.1.3 Welding Electrodes
    • 6.1.4 Metallurgy
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 Atomised Ferro Silicon Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Ferro Silicon 15%
    • 6.2.2 Ferro Silicon 45%
    • 6.2.3 Ferro Silicon 75%
    • 6.2.4 Ferro Silicon 90%
    • 6.2.5 Ferro Silicon 95%
  • 6.3 Atomised Ferro Silicon Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Silicon
    • 6.3.2 Iron
    • 6.3.3 Carbon
    • 6.3.4 Aluminum
    • 6.3.5 Other Alloying Elements
  • 6.4 Atomised Ferro Silicon Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributors
    • 6.4.3 Online Retail

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Atomised Ferro Silicon Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Atomised Ferro Silicon market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Ferro Silicon 15%
• Ferro Silicon 45%
• Ferro Silicon 75%
• Ferro Silicon 90%
• Ferro Silicon 95%

By Application

• Steel Industry
• Foundry
• Welding Electrodes
• Metallurgy
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Retail

By Ingredient Type

• Silicon
• Iron
• Carbon
• Aluminum
• Other Alloying Elements

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Elkem ASA
• Ferroglobe PLC
• Hawkins Inc.
• China National Chemical Corporation
• Consolidated Minerals Limited
• Simcoa Operations Pty Ltd
• Rima Group
• Jiangxi Black Cat Carbon Black Inc.
• Omkar Ferro Alloys Pvt Ltd
• Midwest Ferroalloys
• MSP Steel & Power Ltd.
• American Elements
• Welco Limited
• Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation
• Pacific Alloy Casting Company