Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs

Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs Market Outlook

The global anticoagulant reversal drugs market is anticipated to reach approximately USD 4.15 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 9.6% from 2025 to 2035. This robust growth is primarily driven by the rising prevalence of anticoagulant use among the aging population and the increasing incidence of conditions such as atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis, which necessitate the use of anticoagulants. Additionally, the ongoing advancements in medical research are leading to the development of novel anticoagulant reversal agents that promise improved safety and efficacy profiles. The growing awareness regarding the adverse effects associated with anticoagulants prompts healthcare providers to seek effective reversal strategies, further propelling market growth. Furthermore, rising healthcare expenditure and enhanced access to healthcare facilities globally are also expected to influence the market positively.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the anticoagulant reversal drugs market is significantly influenced by the increasing adoption of anticoagulants in clinical practice, particularly in geriatrics and patients with thromboembolic disorders. With the expansion of surgical procedures that require timely reversal of anticoagulants, the demand for effective reversal agents is rapidly increasing. The rise in the number of patients on novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has created an urgent need for effective reversal agents, which is a key factor driving market growth. Furthermore, the growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitates the ongoing use of anticoagulants, thereby creating a strong market for reversal drugs. The ongoing development of new anticoagulant reversal agents promises to enhance patient safety and improve clinical outcomes, prompting further investment and innovation in this sector.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.6% from 2025 to 2035.
• The increasing prevalence of blood disorders and cardiovascular diseases is driving market demand.
• Novel anticoagulant agents and their corresponding reversal drugs are rapidly being developed.
• Improved healthcare infrastructure and increasing healthcare expenditure are positively impacting market growth.
• Significant advancements in surgical procedures requiring anticoagulation management are enhancing the market landscape.

By Product Type

Vitamin K:

Vitamin K is one of the primary reversal agents used for anticoagulants like warfarin. It acts by replenishing the vitamin K levels in the body, which are crucial for the synthesis of clotting factors. The demand for Vitamin K is significant due to the widespread prescription of warfarin for managing conditions like atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Its efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and availability contribute to its strong position in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market. Moreover, with a growing focus on outpatient management, the usage of Vitamin K is expected to rise as it can be efficiently utilized in various healthcare settings, reinforcing its market presence.

Prothrombin Complex Concentrates:

Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCCs) are increasingly utilized for rapid reversal of anticoagulant effects, particularly in patients undergoing urgent surgical procedures. PCCs contain factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are essential for normal blood clotting. Their use is gaining traction due to their ability to achieve quick hemostatic effects, making them invaluable in emergency scenarios. Moreover, the introduction of newer formulations of PCCs that are more effective and have fewer side effects is anticipated to further boost their demand. As healthcare professionals seek quicker and more effective reversal strategies, the market for PCCs is expected to witness substantial growth.

Fresh Frozen Plasma:

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) contains clotting factors and is often used to reverse the effects of anticoagulants. While FFP is an effective option, it requires careful handling and storage, which can pose logistical challenges. However, its use is still prevalent in clinical settings, especially in cases where rapid reversal is necessary. The increasing number of surgeries and trauma cases requiring urgent anticoagulant reversal will likely drive the demand for FFP in the coming years. Furthermore, ongoing research into optimizing FFP usage and reducing associated risks is expected to enhance its market viability.

Andexanet Alfa:

Andexanet Alfa is a novel reversal agent specifically designed for factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban and apixaban. Its introduction marks a significant advancement in the management of bleeding complications associated with NOACs. The ability to rapidly reverse the anticoagulant effects of factor Xa inhibitors makes Andexanet Alfa a critical tool in emergency medicine and surgical settings. As more healthcare providers become aware of its benefits and its adoption increases, the market for Andexanet Alfa is poised for growth. Furthermore, ongoing studies evaluating its long-term safety and efficacy will likely bolster its acceptance in clinical practice.

Idarucizumab:

Idarucizumab is specifically designed for reversing the effects of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. It acts rapidly to neutralize dabigatran's anticoagulant effect and is particularly essential in emergency situations where bleeding cannot be controlled. Its market growth is driven by the increasing use of dabigatran in various patient populations, especially among those at risk for bleeding events. The positive clinical outcomes associated with Idarucizumab and its increasing recognition in clinical guidelines for managing anticoagulant-associated bleeding will likely propel its demand in the market.

By Application

Hospitals:

Hospitals are the largest end-users of anticoagulant reversal drugs due to the variety of procedures and treatments that necessitate their use. The presence of a diverse patient population with varying requirements for anticoagulant therapy makes hospitals a pivotal market segment. Emergency departments, surgical wards, and intensive care units commonly employ these reversal agents to manage bleeding complications effectively. As surgical procedures become more complex and frequent, the reliance on anticoagulants increases, thereby enhancing the demand for reversal drugs within hospital settings. Additionally, the ongoing training of medical personnel regarding the effective administration of these agents will further solidify their importance in hospitals.

Clinics:

Clinics, including outpatient facilities, are increasingly recognizing the need for anticoagulant reversal drugs as the prevalence of anticoagulant therapy rises among patients seeking routine care. These settings often manage patients on long-term anticoagulant therapy, requiring accessible reversal options for emergency situations. The growth of anticoagulation management clinics also supports the demand for reversal drugs as they focus on monitoring patients on anticoagulants. The convenience of administering these reversal agents in a clinic setting enhances their attractiveness for patient management, paving the way for expansion in this segment.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers:

Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) are emerging as a vital segment in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market due to their increasing popularity for outpatient surgical procedures. ASCs cater to a wide array of surgical cases, including those that involve anticoagulant therapy, thus necessitating the availability of effective reversal agents. The growing trend towards outpatient surgeries, driven by patient preference and cost-effectiveness, will likely lead to an increased demand for anticoagulant reversal drugs in these centers. Furthermore, the efficient management of patients recovering from surgery in ASCs will enhance the appeal of having reversal options readily available.

Other Healthcare Facilities:

Other healthcare facilities, including long-term care and rehabilitation centers, are becoming significant players in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market. These facilities often manage patients on anticoagulant therapy for various conditions and require access to reversal agents for on-site emergencies. The aging population in these settings increases the need for anticoagulant management and reversal strategies, further driving market demand. As these facilities continue to evolve and expand their services, the integration of anticoagulant reversal drugs into their treatment protocols will be essential for patient safety and effective care.

By Distribution Channel

Hospital Pharmacies:

Hospital pharmacies are critical distribution channels for anticoagulant reversal drugs, providing direct access to these essential medications in emergency and surgical contexts. The ability of hospital pharmacies to offer immediate supplies ensures that healthcare providers can respond swiftly to anticoagulant-related complications. Hospital pharmacies typically have a diverse inventory, including both traditional and novel reversal agents, facilitating a comprehensive approach to patient management. As hospitals continue to expand their roles in acute care and surgical interventions, the demand for reversal drugs through hospital pharmacies is expected to rise significantly.

Retail Pharmacies:

Retail pharmacies are increasingly becoming an important distribution channel for anticoagulant reversal drugs, especially in community settings. Patients requiring anticoagulant therapy often seek consultations and prescriptions from retail pharmacies, which can also provide essential reversal agents for outpatient management. The growing number of patients on outpatient anticoagulant therapy drives the demand for accessible reversal options at retail pharmacies. As healthcare policies evolve to promote easier access to medications, the role of retail pharmacies in distributing anticoagulant reversal drugs is set to expand further.

Online Pharmacies:

Online pharmacies represent a rapidly growing distribution channel for anticoagulant reversal drugs, facilitating easy access for patients and healthcare providers alike. The convenience and efficiency of obtaining medications through online platforms cater to the increasing demand for anticoagulant reversal options. As the trend towards digital healthcare continues to gain momentum, online pharmacies are expected to build a more extensive inventory of reversal drugs, enhancing patient access and adherence to treatment. The rise of telemedicine and remote patient monitoring will further contribute to the growth of online pharmacies as valuable distributors in the anticoagulant reversal market.

By Ingredient Type

Phytonadione:

Phytonadione, commonly known as Vitamin K1, is a crucial ingredient type in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market. It is primarily employed to counteract the effects of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin. The growing emphasis on dietary management combined with the safety profile of Phytonadione makes it a preferred choice among healthcare providers. Its effectiveness in reversing warfarin-induced coagulopathy is well established, contributing to its sustained demand. Ongoing clinical studies to optimize its use further enhance its market presence, ensuring that it remains a dominant ingredient in the reversal drugs segment.

Factor IX Complex:

Factor IX Complex, which includes clotting factors essential for hemostasis, is an important ingredient in anticoagulant reversal drugs. It plays a significant role in reversing the effects of vitamin K antagonists and is especially beneficial in patients with hemophilia or those on anticoagulant therapy who require immediate reversal. The increasing incidence of bleeding complications associated with anticoagulant use drives the demand for Factor IX Complex. Moreover, innovations in its formulation and delivery methods are expected to enhance its efficacy and expand its market appeal, reinforcing its position in the anticoagulant reversal segment.

Factor VIIa:

Factor VIIa is a potent ingredient in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market due to its rapid hemostatic action. It is particularly effective in patients with coagulopathy, making it a vital option for those needing immediate anticoagulant reversal during surgical procedures or trauma situations. The clinical evidence supporting its efficacy continues to grow, which is driving its acceptance among healthcare providers. As surgical procedures become more frequent and complex, Factor VIIa is likely to see increased utilization, further contributing to its market growth.

Recombinant Factor VIII:

Recombinant Factor VIII is a critical ingredient type in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market, particularly in managing patients with hemophilia and those undergoing anticoagulant therapy. It plays a vital role in promoting clot formation and reversing the effects of anticoagulants during emergencies. The continuous advancements in biopharmaceutical technologies have led to the development of more effective and safer recombinant Factor VIII products, which are enhancing patient outcomes. As the prevalence of hemophilia and other bleeding disorders rises, the demand for recombinant Factor VIII is expected to grow alongside the increasing awareness of its clinical applications.

Factor Xa Inhibitors:

Factor Xa inhibitors have emerged as a significant ingredient type in the anticoagulant reversal drugs market, particularly with the growing use of agents such as rivaroxaban and apixaban. The need for effective reversal options for these newer anticoagulants is driving the development and utilization of reversal agents tailored for Factor Xa inhibitors. The growing awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the management of bleeding complications associated with these agents reinforces their demand. Ongoing research and clinical trials aimed at evaluating newer reversal agents specifically targeting Factor Xa inhibitors will likely bolster their market prospects in the coming years.

By Region

The North America region holds a substantial share of the anticoagulant reversal drugs market, valued at approximately USD 1.9 billion in 2025. The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the increasing adoption of anticoagulant therapies among the aging population propel the demand for reversal drugs. Furthermore, the presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure and continual innovations in drug development further enhance market growth in this region. The region is projected to witness a robust CAGR of around 10.2% during the forecast period, driven by increased awareness and the need for effective treatment options in managing anticoagulant implications.

In Europe, the anticoagulant reversal drugs market is also experiencing significant growth, driven by similar trends such as the rising incidence of thromboembolic disorders and an increasing elderly population. The European market is estimated to reach around USD 1.5 billion by 2035, reflecting a consistent CAGR of approximately 8.5% from 2025 to 2035. The development of new reversal agents and increased investments in healthcare infrastructure are expected to bolster market growth. Moreover, growing regulatory support for innovative therapeutic options is anticipated to enhance the market landscape in Europe.

Opportunities

The anticoagulant reversal drugs market presents numerous opportunities driven by ongoing advancements in drug development and an increasing demand for safer and more effective reversal agents. The introduction of novel anticoagulant agents has generated a corresponding need for effective reversal strategies, creating a significant market opportunity for companies to innovate and develop targeted solutions. Additionally, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases requiring anticoagulation therapy is creating an urgency for effective anticoagulant management, enabling pharmaceutical companies to invest in research and development. The expansion of outpatient treatment facilities and the focus on patient-centered care further drive the demand for accessible reversal options. Furthermore, increased awareness among healthcare professionals and patients regarding the management of anticoagulant-induced bleeding complications can facilitate market growth, presenting opportunities for educational initiatives and training programs.

Another opportunity lies in emerging markets where healthcare infrastructure is improving, allowing for greater access to anticoagulant reversal drugs. As regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America experience economic growth and healthcare advancements, the demand for anticoagulant therapies and their respective reversal agents is expected to rise. The development of cost-effective solutions tailored to local market needs can provide significant competitive advantages. Additionally, collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers can foster innovation and improve access to reversal agents across various healthcare settings, creating further opportunities for market expansion.

Threats

One of the primary threats to the anticoagulant reversal drugs market is the potential for adverse effects and complications associated with the use of these reversal agents. Concerns regarding safety profiles and the risk of thromboembolic events can lead to hesitancy among healthcare providers in adopting newer reversal agents. Additionally, the increasing scrutiny and regulatory challenges related to the approval of novel therapeutic agents can pose barriers to market entry for innovative companies. The market may also face competition from alternative therapies or approaches to manage bleeding complications, which could limit the adoption of traditional reversal drugs. Furthermore, the growing trend towards personalized medicine may lead to a shift away from standardized reversal protocols, creating uncertainty in the market landscape.

In terms of restrainers, the anticoagulant reversal drugs market may encounter obstacles related to cost and reimbursement issues. High prices associated with some reversal agents can limit accessibility for healthcare providers and patients, particularly in lower-income regions. The presence of generic alternatives may also create price competition, which can impact profitability for pharmaceutical companies. Additionally, variations in clinical guidelines across regions and healthcare settings can lead to inconsistencies in the use of reversal agents, affecting overall market growth. Educating healthcare professionals about the importance of these agents in managing anticoagulant therapies will be critical in overcoming these restrainers and ensuring the effective implementation of anticoagulant reversal strategies.

Competitor Outlook

• Boehringer Ingelheim
• Portola Pharmaceuticals
• CSL Behring
• Sanofi
• Amgen
• Pfizer
• Roche
• Grifols
• Octapharma AG
• Hoffmann-La Roche
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
• Merck & Co.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Sandoz International GmbH
• Acute Therapeutics

The competitive landscape of the anticoagulant reversal drugs market is characterized by a mix of established pharmaceutical giants and emerging players focused on innovation and specialty solutions. Key companies are investing significantly in research and development to introduce novel reversal agents that cater to the needs of diverse patient populations. The market is marked by strategic collaborations, mergers, and acquisitions aimed at enhancing product portfolios and strengthening market presence. For example, key players like Boehringer Ingelheim and Portola Pharmaceuticals are leading the charge in developing targeted reversal agents tailored for specific anticoagulants, creating competitive differentiation. The dynamics of the market require companies to remain agile and responsive to shifting healthcare trends and regulatory landscapes.

Among the prominent companies, Boehringer Ingelheim has developed Idarucizumab, a specific reversal agent for dabigatran, which has gained significant acceptance in clinical settings due to its rapid action and effectiveness in managing bleeding complications. Similarly, Portola Pharmaceuticals has been recognized for Andexanet Alfa, which targets factor Xa inhibitors, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches in the management of anticoagulant therapy. These companies leverage their expertise in biopharmaceuticals and strong research capabilities to drive innovation and meet the evolving needs of healthcare providers and patients alike. As the anticoagulant reversal drugs market continues to grow, the competition will intensify, prompting companies to enhance their offerings and improve patient outcomes.

Furthermore, companies like CSL Behring and Grifols, known for their expertise in plasma-derived products, provide significant contributions to the market through the development of prothrombin complex concentrates and fresh frozen plasma, which play crucial roles in reversing anticoagulant effects. Their established manufacturing capabilities and strong distribution networks enhance their competitive position. Additionally, firms such as Pfizer and Roche are expanding their portfolios to include anticoagulant reversal drugs, aiming to capture a larger share of the market. The increasing emphasis on patient safety and effective management of anticoagulation therapies will continue to drive the competitive landscape, leading to further innovations and collaborations among key players.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Amgen
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Roche
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Pfizer
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Sanofi
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Grifols
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 AbbVie Inc.
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 CSL Behring
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Merck & Co.
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Octapharma AG
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Hoffmann-La Roche
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Acute Therapeutics
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Boehringer Ingelheim
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Portola Pharmaceuticals
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Sandoz International GmbH
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Hospitals
    • 6.1.2 Clinics
    • 6.1.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
    • 6.1.4 Other Healthcare Facilities
  • 6.2 Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Vitamin K
    • 6.2.2 Prothrombin Complex Concentrates
    • 6.2.3 Fresh Frozen Plasma
    • 6.2.4 exanet Alfa
    • 6.2.5 Idarucizumab
  • 6.3 Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs Market, By Ingredient Type
    • 6.3.1 Phytonadione
    • 6.3.2 Factor IX Complex
    • 6.3.3 Factor VIIa
    • 6.3.4 Recombinant Factor VIII
    • 6.3.5 Factor Xa Inhibitors
  • 6.4 Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Hospital Pharmacies
    • 6.4.2 Retail Pharmacies
    • 6.4.3 Online Pharmacies

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Anticoagulant Reversal Drugs market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Vitamin K
• Prothrombin Complex Concentrates
• Fresh Frozen Plasma
• exanet Alfa
• Idarucizumab

By Application

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Other Healthcare Facilities

By Distribution Channel

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

By Ingredient Type

• Phytonadione
• Factor IX Complex
• Factor VIIa
• Recombinant Factor VIII
• Factor Xa Inhibitors

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Boehringer Ingelheim
• Portola Pharmaceuticals
• CSL Behring
• Sanofi
• Amgen
• Pfizer
• Roche
• Grifols
• Octapharma AG
• Hoffmann-La Roche
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
• Merck & Co.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Sandoz International GmbH
• Acute Therapeutics