Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales

Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales Market Outlook

The global aluminum sheet strip market is poised for substantial growth, with an estimated market size of approximately USD 4 billion in 2025, and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 6.5% anticipated through 2035. This growth can be primarily attributed to the increasing demand for lightweight materials across various industries, including automotive and construction, where aluminum's unique properties such as corrosion resistance, malleability, and strength play a crucial role. Technological advancements in manufacturing processes and the adoption of aluminum in sustainable practices further enhance its market appeal, driving manufacturers to innovate and expand their product lines to meet diverse customer needs. Additionally, the globalization of supply chains and the growing trend toward urbanization in emerging economies are bolstering demand for aluminum sheet strips, as they are integral in building and infrastructure development. As industries evolve and consumer preferences shift towards more environmentally friendly materials, aluminum sheet strips are becoming a preferred choice for various applications.

Growth Factor of the Market

The growth of the aluminum sheet strip market is significantly influenced by various factors that create a conducive environment for expansion. One of the major drivers is the increasing application of aluminum in the construction sector, where its lightweight nature allows for the reduction of structural load without compromising strength. Furthermore, the automotive industry is steadily shifting towards aluminum for vehicle manufacturing, owing to the material's ability to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. In addition, the packaging industry is witnessing a transition towards aluminum due to its recyclability and ability to preserve food products effectively, thus encouraging sustainability practices. Moreover, innovations in aluminum treatment and processing technologies are making it possible to cater to specific customer requirements, such as corrosion resistance and aesthetic appeal, further driving the market. Lastly, government initiatives promoting the use of lightweight materials in various industries to achieve environmental and efficiency goals are expected to further boost the market growth.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The aluminum sheet strip market is projected to achieve a CAGR of 6.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Growing demand in the automotive and construction sectors is driving market expansion.
• The rise in sustainable practices and lightweight material adoption is influencing product development.
• Technological advancements in manufacturing processes are enhancing production efficiency.
• Increased recyclability of aluminum is attracting investment in the packaging industry.

By Product Type

Pure Aluminum Sheet Strip:

Pure aluminum sheet strips are highly favored for their excellent corrosion resistance and malleability. These strips are primarily used in applications that require high ductility and formability. In sectors such as electrical and chemical processing, pure aluminum is often employed due to its high electrical conductivity and resistance to chemical reactions. The lightweight characteristics of pure aluminum also make it a preferred choice in construction and transportation applications. As industries increasingly prioritize lightweight materials for better fuel efficiency and structural integrity, the demand for pure aluminum sheet strips is expected to see significant growth over the forecast period.

Alloy Aluminum Sheet Strip:

Alloy aluminum sheet strips are recognized for their enhanced mechanical properties and versatility, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. These strips, combined with other elements such as copper, magnesium, and silicon, offer improved strength, durability, and resistance to wear and tear. They are extensively used in the automotive sector for body panels, frames, and wheels due to their lightweight nature, which contributes to improved fuel efficiency. The growing use of aluminum alloys in aerospace applications for their high strength-to-weight ratio is further propelling the demand for alloy aluminum sheet strips in the market.

Pre-painted Aluminum Sheet Strip:

Pre-painted aluminum sheet strips are gaining traction as they offer both aesthetic appeal and functional benefits. These strips are coated with paint before they are processed into final products, providing a range of colors and finishes that enhance their visual appeal. This product type is extensively utilized in the construction sector for facades, roofing, and interior applications, allowing architects and builders to create visually striking structures. Additionally, the pre-painting process adds a layer of protection against corrosion, making these strips suitable for outdoor applications, thus contributing to their growing popularity in the market.

Embossed Aluminum Sheet Strip:

Embossed aluminum sheet strips are characterized by their unique surface patterns that provide both aesthetic and functional advantages. Commonly used in decorative applications, these strips are also employed in industrial settings where slip resistance is crucial, such as in flooring and staircases. The embossed features not only enhance the visual appeal but also improve the surface grip, making them ideal for safety applications. With the increasing focus on design and safety in various sectors, the demand for embossed aluminum sheet strips is projected to grow significantly in the coming years.

Anodized Aluminum Sheet Strip:

Anodized aluminum sheet strips undergo an electrochemical process that enhances their durability and resistance to corrosion. This product type is widely used in applications where aesthetics and longevity are paramount, such as architectural installations and consumer goods. The anodizing process allows for various colors and finishes that are not only visually appealing but also provide added protection against environmental elements. As construction and consumer product industries continue to embrace long-lasting materials that require minimal maintenance, the anodized aluminum sheet strip segment is expected to witness substantial growth in the market.

By Application

Construction:

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of aluminum sheet strips, utilizing them for roofing, cladding, and interior elements. The lightweight nature of aluminum allows for easier handling and installation, making it highly desirable for contractors and builders. Additionally, aluminum's resistance to corrosion and weathering enhances the durability of structures, leading to reduced maintenance costs over time. As urbanization and infrastructure development projects accelerate globally, the demand for aluminum sheet strips in the construction sector is projected to surge, further solidifying its market position.

Automotive:

In the automotive sector, aluminum sheet strips are increasingly being used to manufacture lightweight components that contribute to fuel efficiency and lower emissions. The shift towards electric vehicles and stringent regulations regarding emissions are prompting automotive manufacturers to explore alternatives to traditional materials. Aluminum's favorable strength-to-weight ratio allows for the production of parts such as body panels, chassis, and engine components, which are essential for enhancing vehicle performance. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, the demand for aluminum sheet strips is expected to grow significantly, driven by the need for sustainable and efficient vehicle designs.

Packaging:

The packaging industry has adopted aluminum sheet strips due to their excellent barrier properties and recyclability. They are commonly used for food and beverage packaging, offering protection against moisture, light, and air, which helps to extend shelf life. As consumer preferences shift towards sustainable packaging solutions, the demand for aluminum in this sector is anticipated to rise. Furthermore, innovations in packaging technologies are driving the development of thinner and more efficient aluminum sheet strips, which contribute to reduced material consumption while maintaining product integrity.

Electrical:

Aluminum sheet strips are extensively used in the electrical industry for applications such as wiring and bus bars due to their high electrical conductivity and lightweight nature. These properties enable manufacturers to produce efficient and reliable electrical components that meet the demands of modern infrastructure. The growing focus on renewable energy sources and advancements in electrical systems are expected to further increase the demand for aluminum in this sector. As more industries transition towards electric and hybrid systems, aluminum sheet strips will play a vital role in shaping the future of electrical applications.

Others:

In addition to the primary applications mentioned, aluminum sheet strips find usage in various other sectors including consumer goods, aerospace, and industrial machinery. Their versatility allows manufacturers to deploy aluminum in a range of products, from household appliances to high-performance aircraft components. As industries continue to innovate and seek lightweight materials for improved efficiency, the demand for aluminum sheet strips across diverse applications is expected to contribute significantly to market growth.

By Distribution Channel

Direct Sales:

Direct sales channels play a pivotal role in the distribution of aluminum sheet strips, allowing manufacturers to engage directly with their customers and provide tailored solutions. This approach fosters strong relationships and enables better communication regarding product specifications, requirements, and pricing. As manufacturers increasingly seek to expand their market reach, direct sales will continue to be an important distribution strategy, especially for large-scale projects in the construction and automotive sectors, where personalized service and immediate response are essential.

Distributor Sales:

Distributor sales are a significant segment of the aluminum sheet strip market, as they facilitate the efficient distribution of products to various industries. Distributors often carry a diverse inventory, providing customers with a range of options and quick access to materials. This distribution model is particularly beneficial for smaller businesses and manufacturers who may not have the capacity to purchase in bulk directly from producers. The reliance on distributor sales is expected to grow as industries seek to streamline their supply chains and ensure consistent product availability, leading to increased market penetration.

Online Sales:

Online sales channels have gained prominence in recent years, offering a convenient platform for customers to purchase aluminum sheet strips. The digital marketplace allows for easy comparison of products, prices, and specifications, catering to a tech-savvy customer base that values accessibility and efficiency. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce has enabled manufacturers to reach a wider audience without the need for extensive physical retail networks. The growth of online sales is anticipated to significantly impact the aluminum sheet strip market, particularly as more industries embrace digital solutions in their procurement processes.

Retail Sales:

Retail sales of aluminum sheet strips cater to smaller-scale applications and DIY projects, providing customers with the flexibility to purchase smaller quantities. Retail outlets often offer a variety of products, allowing consumers to select materials based on their specific needs. This distribution channel is crucial for fostering awareness and accessibility of aluminum products among the general public and small businesses. As retail sales adapt to changing consumer preferences and trends, their role in the aluminum sheet strip market will continue to evolve, ensuring that both industrial and personal applications are met.

Others:

Other distribution channels, including specialized suppliers and wholesalers, also contribute to the aluminum sheet strip market by catering to niche applications and industries. These channels often focus on specific segments, such as aerospace or food packaging, providing tailored solutions that meet unique requirements. As industries diversify and demand for specialized products increases, these alternative distribution channels will play a vital role in ensuring the availability of high-quality aluminum sheet strips across various market segments.

By Thickness

Below 0.2 mm:

Aluminum sheet strips with a thickness of below 0.2 mm are commonly used in lightweight applications, where flexibility and ease of handling are essential. These ultra-thin sheets find extensive use in packaging, particularly in food and beverage containers, where minimal weight contributes to cost savings in transport and production. The increasing demand for thin, lightweight packaging solutions driven by consumer preferences for sustainability is expected to result in significant growth in this segment over the forecast period.

0.2-0.5 mm:

This thickness range is particularly favored in industries that require a balance of strength and lightweight characteristics. Aluminum sheet strips measuring between 0.2 and 0.5 mm are utilized in automotive applications for components such as brackets and trim, where durability is paramount but weight reduction is also a priority. As automotive manufacturers increasingly focus on fuel efficiency and emissions reduction, the demand for aluminum in this thickness range is projected to rise, reflecting the ongoing evolution of the industry.

0.5-1 mm:

Aluminum sheet strips with a thickness between 0.5 and 1 mm offer robust strength and versatility, making them suitable for a variety of applications across different industries. These strips are commonly used in construction for roofing and cladding, providing both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. As construction projects become more ambitious and demand higher quality materials, the segment of aluminum sheet strips in this thickness range is expected to benefit from increased adoption in both residential and commercial sectors.

1-2 mm:

The 1-2 mm thickness range is predominantly utilized in applications requiring excellent structural support and durability. These aluminum sheet strips are often found in industrial settings, such as machinery components and structural frames, where strength and resilience are critical. The increasing focus on safety and compliance with regulatory standards in various industries is anticipated to elevate the demand for aluminum sheet strips within this thickness segment, promoting further investment in high-performance materials.

Above 2 mm:

Aluminum sheet strips thicker than 2 mm are typically employed in heavy-duty applications where maximum strength and resistance to wear are essential. These strips are widely used in the aerospace and defense industries, where stringent specifications and high-performance requirements prevail. As the aerospace sector continues to expand and innovate, the demand for thicker aluminum sheet strips is likely to increase, reflecting the industry's evolution towards more advanced and resilient materials to enhance safety and performance.

By Region

The aluminum sheet strip market is experiencing significant regional diversification, reflecting varying growth rates and demand characteristics across different areas. North America holds a prominent position in the market, accounting for approximately 30% of the total revenue due to its strong automotive and aerospace sectors. The region is projected to grow at a CAGR of around 5% during the forecast period as major players continue to invest in manufacturing capabilities. In Europe, the market value is also robust, driven by the construction and packaging industries, with the region maintaining a market share of about 28%. The shift towards sustainable practices and energy-efficient solutions is expected to bolster demand across Europe as regulations tighten and consumer preferences evolve.

Asia Pacific is poised to become the fastest-growing region, with a projected CAGR of 8% through 2035, driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization in countries like China and India. The growing automotive sector in Asia, coupled with rising investments in infrastructure, positions the region as a significant player in the aluminum sheet strip market. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa combined account for around 15% of the market, with growth driven primarily by the construction and packaging sectors. As these regions continue to develop economically, the demand for aluminum sheet strips is expected to increase, further contributing to the global market expansion.

Opportunities

The aluminum sheet strip market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly in emerging economies where infrastructure development is a priority. As countries invest in modernizing their infrastructure, the demand for aluminum in construction applications is anticipated to rise significantly. The lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties of aluminum make it an ideal choice for various structural components, leading to increased adoption in projects ranging from residential buildings to large-scale commercial developments. Moreover, with the growing emphasis on sustainability and the transition to green building practices, aluminum's recyclability and energy efficiency will further enhance its attractiveness in the construction sector.

Additionally, advancements in technology provide opportunities for innovation within the aluminum sheet strip market. Manufacturers are increasingly exploring new alloys and production methods that improve aluminum's properties and expand its applications. Developments in nanotechnology and surface treatments are enabling the creation of high-performance aluminum strips that can cater to specific industry needs, such as enhanced thermal conductivity or added visual appeal. By capitalizing on these technological advancements, companies can differentiate themselves in a competitive market and capture new customer segments, further driving growth in the aluminum sheet strip market.

Threats

Despite the promising growth trajectory of the aluminum sheet strip market, several threats could pose challenges to its sustained development. One of the most significant threats is the fluctuation in raw material prices, particularly aluminum. The availability and cost of aluminum can be affected by various factors, including geopolitical issues, trade tariffs, and changes in demand from other industries. Such price volatility may impact manufacturers’ profit margins and lead to increased prices for end consumers, potentially limiting market growth. Additionally, the growing competition from alternative materials, such as advanced composites and plastics, also poses a threat, as these materials may offer specific advantages like lower weight or enhanced performance for certain applications.

Another significant threat to the market is the increasing emphasis on regulations concerning the environmental impact of manufacturing processes. Stricter environmental regulations could lead to higher operational costs for aluminum producers as they invest in cleaner technologies and sustainable practices. Manufacturers that fail to adapt to these regulations may face penalties or lose market share to more compliant competitors. The industry's reliance on recycling as a means of sustainability is crucial; however, fluctuations in recycling rates and consumer willingness to engage in recycling programs can pose additional challenges to the aluminum sheet strip market's growth.

Competitor Outlook

• Alcoa Corporation
• Arconic Corporation
• Hindalco Industries Limited
• Novelis Inc.
• Constellium SE
• UACJ Corporation
• Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd.
• Aluminum Corporation of China Limited (CHALCO)
• Kaiser Aluminum Corporation
• RUSAL (United Company RUSAL PLC)
• Jindal Aluminum Limited
• Neuman Aluminium GmbH
• Alucoil Innovaciones, S.L.U.
• Safal Group
• Huanghe Whirlwind Co., Ltd.

The competitive landscape of the aluminum sheet strip market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies that are continuously striving to innovate and capture market share. Major manufacturers invest heavily in research and development to enhance product performance and explore new applications, often collaborating with customers to customize solutions that meet specific needs. The market dynamics are influenced by factors such as technological advancements in production processes, fluctuations in raw material costs, and regulatory compliance. As environmental concerns continue to rise, many companies are prioritizing sustainability in their operations, leading to increased investments in recycling initiatives and the development of eco-friendly products.

Alcoa Corporation is one of the leading players in the aluminum sheet strip market, known for its extensive portfolio of aluminum products and commitment to sustainability. The company focuses on technological innovation to enhance the performance of its aluminum products while reducing its environmental footprint. Similarly, Novelis Inc. is another major player that specializes in rolled aluminum products and has established itself as a leader in aluminum recycling. The company's emphasis on closed-loop recycling systems aligns with the growing demand for sustainable practices, positioning it favorably in the current market landscape.

Hindalco Industries Limited, a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group, is also a significant contender in the aluminum sheet strip market, with a strong presence in Asia and beyond. The company has diversified its product offerings, catering to various sectors, including automotive, construction, and packaging. Furthermore, Constellium SE focuses on providing innovative aluminum solutions for the aerospace and automotive industries, emphasizing lightweight materials that enhance fuel efficiency and performance. As competition intensifies, these companies and others in the market will need to continue adapting to changing consumer preferences and regulatory landscapes to maintain their competitive edge.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 Safal Group
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Novelis Inc.
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 Constellium SE
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 UACJ Corporation
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Alcoa Corporation
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Arconic Corporation
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Neuman Aluminium GmbH
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Jindal Aluminum Limited
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Hindalco Industries Limited
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Huanghe Whirlwind Co., Ltd.
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Kaiser Aluminum Corporation
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Alucoil Innovaciones, S.L.U.
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 RUSAL (United Company RUSAL PLC)
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd.
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 Aluminum Corporation of China Limited (CHALCO)
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales Market, By Thickness
    • 6.1.1 Below 0.2 mm
    • 6.1.2 0.2-0.5 mm
    • 6.1.3 0.5-1 mm
    • 6.1.4 1-2 mm
    • 6.1.5 Above 2 mm
  • 6.2 Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.2.1 Construction
    • 6.2.2 Automotive
    • 6.2.3 Packaging
    • 6.2.4 Electrical
    • 6.2.5 Others
  • 6.3 Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.3.1 Pure Aluminum Sheet Strip
    • 6.3.2 Alloy Aluminum Sheet Strip
    • 6.3.3 Pre-painted Aluminum Sheet Strip
    • 6.3.4 Embossed Aluminum Sheet Strip
    • 6.3.5 Anodized Aluminum Sheet Strip
  • 6.4 Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.2 Distributor Sales
    • 6.4.3 Online Sales
    • 6.4.4 Retail Sales
    • 6.4.5 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.5.1 By Country
      • 10.5.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.5.1.2 Africa
  • 10.6 Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales Market by Region

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global Aluminum Sheet Strip Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Pure Aluminum Sheet Strip
• Alloy Aluminum Sheet Strip
• Pre-painted Aluminum Sheet Strip
• Embossed Aluminum Sheet Strip
• Anodized Aluminum Sheet Strip

By Application

• Construction
• Automotive
• Packaging
• Electrical
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Direct Sales
• Distributor Sales
• Online Sales
• Retail Sales
• Others

By Thickness

• Below 0.2 mm
• 0.2-0.5 mm
• 0.5-1 mm
• 1-2 mm
• Above 2 mm

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• Alcoa Corporation
• Arconic Corporation
• Hindalco Industries Limited
• Novelis Inc.
• Constellium SE
• UACJ Corporation
• Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd.
• Aluminum Corporation of China Limited (CHALCO)
• Kaiser Aluminum Corporation
• RUSAL (United Company RUSAL PLC)
• Jindal Aluminum Limited
• Neuman Aluminium GmbH
• Alucoil Innovaciones, S.L.U.
• Safal Group
• Huanghe Whirlwind Co., Ltd.